Growing
Schefflera ‘Umbrella Plant’ - Common Types, Watering, Repotting And Pruning Guidelines
IN THIS GUIDE Overview Common Varieties Where To Grow Schefflera Schefflera Houseplant Care Common Problems References Native to warmer regions of the globe, Schefflera are tropical evergreen plants that add a lively splash of colour to any home or garden they’re located in, all through the year. Their main selling points are their broad-leaved foliage, which radiates out from the central stem in an umbrella-like fashion, giving them their moniker. Although they do produce impressive blossoms in their natural habitat, you’re unlikely to reproduce similar results in Britain. Indeed, their preference for warmer climes means that they’re most commonly grown as houseplants in this country. Even dwarf varieties can reach up to 3m indoors, making them one of the larger shrubs available, but they’ll still fit comfortably inside most rooms and give them a burst of life and energy. Overview Botanical Name Schefflera arboricola Common Name(s) Umbrella Plant / Parasol Plant Plant Type Tropical houseplant Native Area South & South-East Asia; Australia Hardiness Rating H1C Foliage Evergreen Flowers White, pink or red tentacle-like flowers (rarely seen on indoor plants) When To Plant March-May When To Prune Whenever it appears leggy A member of the Araliaceae family, the Schefflera genus is a tropical evergreen shrub or tree native to tropical climes but hugely popular in the UK.1 The shelter-giving nature of its foliage has inspired its common name of the ‘Umbrella Plant’ or, more aptly in its native climate, the ‘Parasol Plant’. However, smaller varieties of the species are commonly grown as houseplants. Although this practice is relatively new in the Western world, it’s one that stretches back millennia in certain parts of Asia. Common Varieties Generally speaking, there are two common varieties of Umbrella Plant available in the UK. Schefflera actinophylla is the original cultivar and can reach heights in excess of 20m when grown outdoors. But as mentioned above, that rarely occurs in the UK due to the inclement climate on these shores. Instead, its smaller counterpart (S. arboricola) is preferred as an attractive tropical houseplant. This can reach 3m in height. Where To Grow Schefflera Schefflera need bright but indirect sunlight to flourish, so place them underneath a patio awning if growing outdoors and move them inside in the winter. Direct sunlight is a no-no since it can cause the leaves to burn and brown. They’re hardy enough to the elements otherwise, but need plenty of watering and will appreciate fertile soil which drains well but can still retain moisture. A slightly acidic mixture (sandy loam which resembles their natural jungle environment) is ideal. They require similar conditions indoors, so ideally you’ll find a spot for them near an eastern or northern-facing window. A sheer curtain can help to deflect some of the harshest rays of the sun. Humidity is appreciated but not essential, so a bathroom location can work well if available. Schefflera Houseplant Care Watering Schefflera like their soil to dry out completely before rewatering. For that reason, it’s advisable to check the soil is entirely free from moisture (inserting a finger into the top 2cm will do the trick) before watering them. When doing so, try to avoid getting the leaves wet and instead concentrate on the soil itself. Give it a thorough soaking so that the water runs freely from the drainage holes in the pot. Pruning Strictly speaking, schefflera plants do not require pruning at all. However, you might find that your specimen is becoming leggy, overgrown or unkempt, especially if it’s not receiving an adequate amount of sunlight. When pruning, strip back unsightly parts of the plant down to 2-3 leaf nodes above their stem to retain its shape. You’ll find that the plant will reward your efforts by redoubling on its own to achieve a fuller and more lustrous look in no time at all. “I find that pruning out straggly stems of Schefflera is key to keeping an attractive, compact shape to the plant when used as a houseplant,” shares Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “In any other than the most perfect location, there is a tendency for them to reach a bit for the light in the home. They will respond with vigorous growth, which provides a lusher, more shapely appearance.” Soil & Feeding Fertile soil is essential to ensure your Schefflera thrives, whether it’s planted indoors or outdoors. There’s no need to add stones to increase drainage, but a compost with around 1/3 perlite to 2 parts soil in its composition is helpful. Again, fertiliser is not 100% necessary in order to maintain a healthy and happy plant, but it certainly won’t hurt. As hungry plants, they’ll benefit from a monthly application of liquid fertiliser in spring and summer and a bimonthly feed in winter. Staking In the vast majority of cases, staking your umbrella plant is not required, since it’s hardy and strong enough on its own. If you find that it’s beginning to droop under its own weight or become unwieldy, pruning it is a better course of action than staking. Repotting Schefflera plants must be repotted when they have exhausted the space inside their existing container. You can inhibit their growth by waiting until the last moment when roots begin to appear through the drainage holes or curl up around the sides of the pot. When repotting, remove the plant from the pot and gently tease apart the roots, soaking them in water to aid with the process if necessary. Place the root ball in a larger pot which has between 2-3cm of space on all sides of it, then fill it in with a 2/3 soil and 1/3 perlite mixture. Don’t compact the compost too much, then thoroughly water once more. You may be tempted to upgrade your plant to a much larger pot immediately to save repotting at a later date. This is not advisable, however, since it will inhibit the growth of your schefflera and contribute to a less attractive specimen. Propagating Propagating umbrella plants from cuttings is a tricky business that is likely to bear mixed results. To attempt it, take a cutting of a healthy stem about 15cm in length, making the incision at a 45° angle. Strip away all but the upper set of leaves (around 5-6 in total), then dip the cut end into a rooting hormone mixture. Plant the cutting into potting soil, submerging the tip deeply enough to allow it to stand up of its own accord. Within around a month, new roots should have formed, and you can check whether they have by lightly tugging on the stem. If there is no resistance at all, the propagation has not worked. Common Problems Although hardy creatures, scheffleras do suffer from damage, disease and pests at times. Here are some of the most commonly observed tell-tale signs, what they mean and how to counteract them. Leaves Curling If you find your leaves are curling or drooping, it’s most likely a sign that you’re not watering your plant enough. Remember to completely soak the soil once it has become dried out to the point that excess water runs freely from the bottom of the pot. Drooping Stems Like curling leaves, drooping stems are also indicative of a thirsty plant. Follow the instructions above to bring some robustness back into your schefflera. Dropping Leaves Your schefflera plant may lose leaves for a number of reasons. If the leaf drops are accompanied by curling leaves or drooping stems, you’re probably not watering it enough; if they’re not, you may be watering it too much! In either case, take the appropriate action to see if it helps. Alternatively, leaf drops can occur if the plant is located in too cold an environment or isn’t receiving enough light. Move it to a warmer, brighter area to test if that is the cause of the issue. Dark Or Discoloured Leaves If the foliage of your schefflera is browning, light or otherwise discoloured, it could mean it’s being burned by the sun. Place a shade nearby to protect it from the brightest rays. On the other hand, dark or discoloured leaves could be symptomatic of leaf spot. Treat the plant with a copper-based spray, then fertilise it more regularly to restore optimum nutrient levels. Deposits, Webs Or Growths On Leaves Sticky white residue on your plant points to the presence of aphids, which can be repelled with an insecticidal soap aimed at houseplants. If the growth is darker and more powdery in texture, it might be sooty mould, which is a by-product of an aphid infestation. Wipe the leaves clean and tackle the root cause. Meanwhile, webbing material on the foliage or stems is a sure sign that spider mites are attacking your plant. Use neem oil or another horticultural product (preferably an organic one) to get rid. References 1. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (1998j, July 20). Schefflera | plant. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/plant/schefflera
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Areca Palm Care - Getting The Right Light And Water Levels Is Crucial
IN THIS GUIDE Overview How To Grow Areca Palm Areca Palm Care Common Problems If you’re looking for a palm to grow in a greenhouse or keep safely ensconced in your home, then the areca, or Dypsis lutescens, could be the one for you. While it turns out that some palms are more than happy to spend their lives outside, there are those, the Areca Palm included, that need to be sheltered from our relatively unforgiving weather. Overview Botanical Name Dypsis lutescens Common Name(s) Areca Palm / Bamboo Palm Plant Type Palm / Houseplant Native Area Madagascar Hardiness Rating H1A Foliage Evergreen Flowers Yellow panicled flowers When To Plant Any time indoors When To Prune Any time indoors While Arecas can reach impressive heights of up to 8m at full maturity, buying one of this size can be prohibitively expensive. That’s why most areca palms bought as houseplants come in smaller sizes, leaving it up to you to nurture them to maturity. Compared to some other houseplants, an areca palm requires a little more attention. Give them the wrong amount of light or get the water levels wrong and there’s not much room for forgiveness – be warned of this if you’re only a casual or beginner houseplant owner! How To Grow Areca Palm You’ll be pleased to know that Areca palm can be grown and propagated very easily. Most will buy a mature plant from a garden centre or online retailer. However, if propagating an existing plant, simply divide the plant carefully when repotting, or cut off an offshoot with a knife and replant it in similar conditions. Growing From Seed It’s possible to grow areca palm from seed, but the process requires patience, as it can be up to two months between planting and germination. Simply soak the seeds in lukewarm water for 2 days and then sow into a plastic pot in the appropriate growing medium. Then, place the whole pot in a plastic bag with a zipper and add water and universal fertiliser for the perlite to absorb. Leave the bag somewhere with a daytime temperature of around 26°C and wait patiently for your seeds to germinate. Areca Palm Care With what we’ve just said in mind, here’s how to ensure your Areca palm has the best chance of survival. Sunlight Exposure Getting the right levels of sunlight is crucial. Growing areca palms indoors demands bright sunlight, but it must be indirect, as direct light will cause scorching of the leaves, giving them a yellow, wilted appearance which can be hard to recover from. These plants favour windows that face south or west to capture rays shining north or eastward. Soil Requirements Another quick way to harm or even kill an areca palm is waterlogged soil, so take care that you take steps to improve the drainage if it comes in soil that doesn’t drain well. Mixing bark or sand through your soil can help to improve drainage. In terms of acidity, neutral or acidic soils are best. Watering While waterlogged soil can be detrimental, this is a thirsty plant that likes fairly frequent watering. “Dypsis lutescens is adapted to wet tropical conditions in the forest under canopy of Madagascar,” shares Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “This is what you are trying to replicate in your home – bright conditions but not direct, like the dappled shade under trees; plentiful water but not boggy conditions, ensuring the moisture drains from the soil. “Get this right and it will be a home-from-home for your Areca palm.” Check the top of the soil with your finger or the back of your hand, and give it a drink when it feels dry. The exact frequency will depend on your plant and the conditions it lives in, but as a ballpark, you may find yourself watering every 4-7 days, depending on soil dryness. If your areca palm is in a pot, ensure there are holes in the bottom to allow drainage and if the pot stands in a dish, empty any excess water out of the dish shortly after watering to facilitate proper drainage. I have personally had issues growing this plant in the past where I had been inadvertently overwatering and allowing the plant to sit in moisture for extended periods. You will know if you experience the same issue because the leaves will begin to turn brown and wilt. Temperature & Humidity This plant likes a temperature between 16-24°C which is comfortably within the room temperature of most homes. Dead areas with red or brown colouration can indicate low temperature and brown leaves (as well as being a sign of under/overwatering) can also suggest that the air is too dry, which you can tackle by misting the leaves each day. Feeding These plants are hungry as well as thirsty and enjoy regular feeding. Indoor arecas like to be fed quarterly but will tolerate 3 feeds in a year. Use a slow-release 8-2-12 fertiliser and give 1-2 teaspoons for a small pot, or 1-2 tablespoons for a larger one. For best results just sprinkle the fertiliser on the top layer of the soil before watering. Repotting Repotting an areca is easy, just shimmy the plant from its current pot, give it a gentle shake to dislodge as much soil as possible from the root ball, and then pop it into a new container with dry soil. Make sure the top of the soil attached to the plant is level with the top of the new soil, then give it a little water. You will want to give the new plant at least 5cm space around its roots to allow the plant to grow – though don’t give too much space if you’re happy with the current size of your palm. Common Problems This plant can attract a few pests including thrips and mealybugs, but thankfully preventing and removing them isn’t too difficult. Thrips are small sap-sucking insects that cause mottling and other leaf damage. Predatory mites and sticking traps are a good non-harmful way to keep them at bay, and various pesticides are available. Mealybugs suck sap as well, and leave behind a trademark fluffy wax substance. Remove infected leaves from the plant and their environment to prevent further spread.
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Spider Plants Are Enjoying A Resurgence In Popularity - Here's How To Care For Them
IN THIS GUIDE Overview Common Varieties Where To Plant Ongoing Plant Care References Spider plants are popular houseplants here in the UK and are known to be one of the easiest houseplants to grow. This guide will help you make sure you can grow them successfully in your home. Spider plants were extremely popular in the 1970s and, since the houseplant resurgence, have been enjoying another period of popularity in recent years.1 These plants are among those easy-to-care-for houseplants which are popular with new plant parents looking to ease themselves into caring for plants indoors. Overview Botanical Name Chlorophytum comosum Common Name(s) Spider Plant Plant Type Houseplant Native Area Africa Hardiness Rating H2 Foliage Evergreen Flowers small star-shaped white flowers When To Plant March-September Chlorophytum comosum is a perennial, evergreen flowering plant. Native to tropical and southern Africa, it is commonly grown as a houseplant in temperate climes.2 The plant grows around 60cm in height and width, though it can descend a number of feet as a hanging plant. The leaves are long and narrow, and blooms are produced in summer on long, branched inflorescences upon which small white flowers occur in small clusters. Common Varieties “Spider plants are popular for a reason, as they are versatile, tough and easy to propagate,” shares Horticultural Consultant Colin Skelly. “Although you tend to see only a small selection of cultivars available commercially, there are more variations available if you get the collecting bug.” By far the most common options chosen for houseplants are the variegated varieties C. comosum ‘Variegatum’ and C. comosum ‘Vittatum’. Both of these cultivars have received an Award of Garden Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society.3 ‘Variegatum’ has dark green leaves with white margins, and is generally the smaller of these two types. ‘Vittatum’ has somewhat lighter green leaves, with a broad white stripe down the centre of each leaf. Where To Plant Spider plants should be planted in pots or hanging containers which are large enough to accommodate the roots of the plant with just a couple of centimetres of growing medium all around. Typically, spider plants are purchased as small pot-grown plants. These are best potted up into a new container on arrival, sometime between March and September for best results. Make sure that you choose a free-draining container, and provide suitable growing conditions, as discussed below. Ongoing Plant Care Spider plants really are one of the easiest houseplants to grow. However, it is important to consider the growing conditions that they prefer and to think about how you care for them, to make sure your plants remain as happy and healthy as possible. Sunlight C. comosum prefers bright but not direct light. However, they can also cope with lower light levels. Soil Requirements These plants are gloriously unfussy about their growing conditions. They should thrive in any reasonably good quality potting mix, as long as it drains relatively freely. For environmental reasons, remember that peat-free compost should always be selected. Watering Spider plants should be watered regularly between April and September when the plants are in active growth, but more sparingly when the plants are dormant over the colder months of the year. Temperature & Humidity Spider plants are not very fussy about the temperatures and humidity either. Ideally, they will like temperatures that are relatively cool, between around 13-18°C. However, they can also cope when grown in more heated spaces inside your home as long as the temperatures do not fluctuate too extremely. Just make sure that the area remains frost-free throughout the year and your plants should be fine. The tips of the leaves may turn brown if the air is too dry. Increase humidity in a particularly dry setting by misting the plants regularly. Fertilising Spider plants do not necessarily need to be fertilised at all when grown in a reasonably nutrient-rich growing medium. However, it can be beneficial, to keep the plants in top condition, to feed plants with a balanced, organic liquid feed every couple of weeks through the growing season, from spring to the beginning of autumn. Common Pests Spider plants are not commonly seriously affected by pests or diseases. However, they can become infested with scale insects, aphids, mealy bugs, spider mites or other common houseplant pests on occasion. Use organic sprays where there is a serious infestation of indoors-grown plants. Repotting Spider plants should only be repotted once they become pot-bound and roots begin to emerge from the base of the pot, and watering becomes difficult as a result. Be sure not to place spider plants into too large a container as they may suffer waterlogging issues when the roots do not fill the majority of the space. Brown Tips On Leaves You can cut off the brown tips to improve the plant’s appearance without doing any harm. Just make sure you use a sharp, clean tool to do so, to avoid doing any damage. Trim off any brown leaf tips and plantlets, cutting these off at the base, to make sure that your plant is able to direct its full attention to growing healthy fresh leaves. Making Your Plant Bushier While pruning a spider plant is not usually required, you can also prune off any damaged or sub-par leaves as desired to improve the plant’s appearance and rejuvenate it to create bushier growth. Generally, however, you can make sure your plant has a bushier and healthier appearance simply by meeting all the environmental needs and care needs of the plant discussed above. You can also plant the baby plantlets from a spider plant into the same pot to give the mother plant a fuller and more bushy appearance. References 1. Seventies houseplants are back. (n.d.). ITV. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://www.itv.com/thismorning/articles/seventies-houseplants-are-back 2. Mahr, S. (n.d.). Spider plant, Chlorophytum comosum. Wisconsin Horticulture. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/spider-plant-chlorophytum-comosum/ 3. AGM Plants. (2026, July). Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf
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Peace Lily Plant Care: They Will Do Best Sheltered From Extreme Temperature Swings
IN THIS GUIDE Overview Common Varieties Where To Grow How To Plant Ongoing Plant Care References Peace Lily plants are one of the most popular houseplants to grow in the UK and make a great choice for a suitable spot inside your home. Peace lilies are easy plants to care for and will not take up too much of your time or attention. Overview Botanical Name Spathiphyllum wallisii Common Name(s) Peace Lily Plant Type Houseplant Native Area Columbia Hardiness Rating H1B Foliage Evergreen Flowers Tiny white flowers in a white spathe When To Plant Any time indoors The peace lily, Spathiphyllum wallisii, is a herbaceous perennial and tropical evergreen in the Araceae plant family. It was discovered in the late 19th Century growing wild in Colombia and has since been hybridised and has become a very popular houseplant, with a number of interesting cultivars which are commonly grown as indoor plants in the UK and other temperate climes.1 It is in the same family as Zantedeschia, and to less obviously related houseplants like Monstera and Dieffenbachia. Common Varieties As well as buying species peace lilies, it is also possible to find a range of hybrid cultivars. Spathiphyllum ‘Domino’ Some common options to consider include: S. ‘Domino’ S. ‘Jetty’ S. ‘Little Angel’ S. ‘Mauna Loa’ S. ‘Patricia’ S. ‘Picasso’ S. ‘Piccolino’ S. ‘Sensation’ S. ‘Sonia’ S. ‘White Stripe’ Where To Grow Peace lilies will be perfect for growing indoors in a light and bright spot, but one which is out of direct sunlight. A reasonably bright bathroom or another humid spot can be ideal since these are plants which will thrive in a warm and humid environment. Peace lilies will do best if they are sheltered from any chilly draughts, and are kept away from heat sources such as radiators or stoves which can cause excessive temperature swings. Aim to provide temperatures that consistently remain between around 18-25°C. How To Plant Peace lilies, once purchased, should be repotted into their long-term container. It is important to choose a pot which is no more than a third larger than the root ball. Fill two-thirds of the pot up with a suitable peat-free growing medium, which is moist yet free-draining. Then. put your peace lily into the new pot and fill around the root ball with the growing medium. Water well, making sure that excess water is allowed to drain away. Ongoing Plant Care Peace lilies really are incredibly easy to care for. Their care simply involves making sure that you meet the basic requirements for water and nutrition, and get the environmental conditions right in the first place. If you do these things then you are not that likely to encounter many problems. Watering It is important to water regularly, and you should aim to never allow the potting mix to dry out entirely, but you should also make sure that the medium does not become waterlogged, as this can also cause issues. As a general rule, you should water well, letting the water drain away freely, then water again only once the top few centimetres of the potting medium is dry. Try to use rainwater if possible as the chlorine in tap water can cause issues. Peace lilies are rather more sensitive to chlorine than other plants, so if you are experiencing problems when using tap water, but cannot use rainwater, then it may be wise to distil the water before use. Putting a finger into the potting mix up to the knuckle to see whether it is dry should help you determine when more water is required. Luckily, peace lilies will soon tell you if they are not getting enough water, since they will wilt when they are thirsty. If your room is rather dry, then you may also need to mist your plant every now and then to raise humidity. Soil Requirements Peace lilies will do best in a multipurpose peat-free potting compost, or a potting mix which has been formulated for potted houseplants. As mentioned above, the mix should be moist yet free-draining. Feeding While you do not necessarily have to worry too much about this, it can be beneficial to feed your peace lily with an organic liquid plant feed (such as compost tea) every couple of weeks in the spring and summer months. Light Requirements Remember, peace lilies like partial shade, preferring to be in a bright spot but out of direct sunlight. So, be sure not to place them where the sunlight is too intense or this can cause brown patches or streaks on the leaves. “As the best spot for a Spathiphyllum is out of direct sunlight, it is a good idea to remove dust from the leaves regularly with a plant wipe or clean damp cloth to aid optimal photosynthesis,” shares Master Horticulturist Dan Ori. Repotting Peace lilies do prefer to have their roots somewhat constricted, so it is not a good idea to increase pot size too much. Usually, however, you should repot your peace lily into a slightly larger pot every 2-3 years. If your plant keeps wilting even though it has been watered, this can be a sign that the plant has outgrown its situation and repotting is required. Flowering One common issue that those with a new peace lily often face is the plant not flowering. There is a range of reasons why a peace lily may not have flowered, mostly relating to its happiness in the environmental conditions you have provided. Unfortunately, if your plants are otherwise happy, getting peace lilies to flower again might just be a waiting game, as your plants might not actually be at their mature flowering stage just yet. They may have been forced to flower prematurely by those selling them, through the use of gibberellic acid.2 This is not a recommended approach, and you should not attempt it. Simply make sure all the plant’s needs are perfectly met and wait until the plant actually does reach maturity and flower. Pruning Peace lilies do not need pruning, but it is natural for some yellow leaves to form, and these can be removed to make room for new growth. Common Pests Peace lilies are not prone to pests or diseases, and when problems arise, they are almost always associated with environmental conditions. However, you may see small flies around the potting mix, and these are likely to be fungus gnats, which thrive in damp potting mix. Watering less can sometimes help to disrupt their life cycle, or you can trap adults with beer traps or similar. Organic pesticides can be used in cases of extreme infestation but should only ever be a last resort. Biological controls are also available. References 1. June 2015: the Peace Lily is Houseplant of the month. (2015, July 3). Flower Council. Retrieved March 24, 2023, from https://www.flowercouncil.co.uk/campaign/june-2015-the-peace-lily-is-houseplant-of-the-month 2. Henny, R., & Chen, J. (2016). Spathiphyllum Flowering—Keys to the Future. University of Florida. Retrieved March 24, 2023, from https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/EP320
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Any Of These 25 Choices Can Be Grown Indoors As Flowering Houseplants
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Orchid 2) Madagascar Jasmine 3) Eternal Flame 4) Crown Of Thorns 5) Bird Of Paradise 6) Peace Lily 7) Wax Begonia 8) Lipstick Plant 9) Hoya 10) Cockscomb 11) Ixora 12) False Shamrock 13) Moth Orchid 14) African Violet 15) Anthurium 16) Chenille Plant 17) Christmas Cactus 18) Chinese Hibiscus 19) Persian Cyclamen 20) Guzmania 21) Clivia 22) Poinsettia 23) Flaming Katy 24) Bromeliad 25) Brazilian Fireworks References Houseplants can brighten up any home and are a popular choice for many first-time gardeners as they are usually easy to grow and care for. However, among the many choices, it is hard to know which houseplants will produce flowers in the UK, with many native to warmer climates. In this article, I’ll share twenty-five houseplants that will produce beautiful flowers in your home when grown in the UK. 1) Orchid BOTANICAL NAME: Dendrobium COMMON NAME(S): orchid HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SUNLIGHT: part shade Dendrobium is one of the largest genera in the Orchid family, with more than 1,600 species.1 They are an extremely popular houseplant here in the UK, and, with their often layered blooms coming in a hue variety of colours, it’s easy to see why. These beautiful flowers bloom in the colder months from tall stems that will need to be supported by a bamboo cane or something similar. 2) Madagascar Jasmine BOTANICAL NAME: Stephanotis floribunda COMMON NAME(S): Madagascar jasmine / bridal wreath HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun Stephanotis floribunda, more commonly referred to as Madagascar jasmine, is a tender evergreen that produces white flowers that bloom from spring all the way through to late autumn. These flowers are tube-shaped and highly fragrant and can produce green fruit after flowering at the end of September. However, when grown in the UK, even indoors, this is highly unlikely, and the beautiful blooms and dark green, glossy leaves will have to suffice. 3) Eternal Flame BOTANICAL NAME: Goeppertia crocata ‘tassmania’ COMMON NAME(S): eternal flame / saffron-coloured calathea ‘tassmania’ HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade Eternal Flame houseplants are mainly known for their large, wavy, oval leaves that are green on the top and purple underneath, but this evergreen plant also produces star-shaped blooms from upright stems when grown correctly. Although the orange flowers usually appear in summer, they can bloom sporadically all year round. 4) Crown Of Thorns BOTANICAL NAME: Euphorbia milii COMMON NAME(S): crown of thorns / Christ plant HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: red and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun An evergreen shrub, Euphorbia milii, or crown of thorns, produces tiny flowers that are insignificant, but the red or yellow bracts that encase the blooms replicate those of an orchid flower. The oval leaves grow from thick stems that also bear lots of short grey thorns, giving the plant its common name. This plant is fairly easy to care for – and can grow up to 1m tall with half the spread. 5) Bird Of Paradise BOTANICAL NAME: Strelitzia reginae COMMON NAME(S): bird of paradise HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: blue and orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun The bird of paradise is a unique plant that, if you can get it to flower, is sure to impress anyone who steps into your home. Over the cooler months, it can produce blue and orange flowers that mirror that of a bird’s beak, but it can take up to 3-4 years for it to bloom – if it ever does. However, if you water and feed your plant regularly and make sure it is positioned correctly in your home with a high enough humidity, there is a chance that you could get to experience the beautiful flowers of the bird of paradise, which is an experience like no other. “This South African plant is a great high-impact plant for a conservatory or a very bright room,” shares Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “It will tolerate dry conditions when established but will thrive when kept well watered.” 6) Peace Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Spathiphyllum wallisii COMMON NAME(S): peace lily / white sails HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: part shade The peace lily is a commonly grown houseplant here in the UK, as it is relatively easy to grow and care for and requires little maintenance throughout the year. It produces stunning spathes that are pure white and encase creamy spadices growing from their tall green stems. The foliage is an added bonus; with large lance-shaped glossy leaves growing up and around the flowers that are in bloom during the spring and summer months. 7) Wax Begonia BOTANICAL NAME: Begonia Semperflorens Cultorum Group COMMON NAME(S): wax plant / wax begonia HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: pink, red and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: part / full shade Wax begonias produce beautiful blooms of single or double flowers in shades of pink, white and red in the summer and autumn months. Their waxy, round leaves are either bronze or green and might fall from the plant in the winter months as this deciduous perennial enters a period of dormancy. Grow wax begonias in a dark and humid spot inside your home, like a bathroom or a kitchen. 8) Lipstick Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Aeschynanthus radicans COMMON NAME(S): lipstick plant HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun With red, tubular flowers growing in clusters during the summer, the lipstick plant is a unique houseplant that can add a burst of colour to your home. The flowers, which emerge from unusual calyces that are browny-red in colour, can bloom for a longer period of time if the plant is happy and healthy and grown in the right conditions. This perennial will look brilliant if placed in a bright spot in your home, but make sure it is not left anywhere that could be draughty. 9) Hoya BOTANICAL NAME: Hoya carnosa COMMON NAME(S): wax plant / porcelain flower HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: pink, red and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun Hoya carnosa, more commonly known as the wax plant, bears beautiful star-shaped flowers that are layered in shades of white, pink and red and produce beautiful aromas that will leave your home smelling lovely and fresh. Unfortunately, their foliage is susceptible to a few mould-related problems, so will need to be monitored regularly. Although they can be fussy plants, if grown in the right conditions, their unique flowers and tumbling foliage could be a great choice for a hanging basket in a bright spot. 10) Cockscomb BOTANICAL NAME: Celosia argentea COMMON NAME(S): cockscomb HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: pink and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun With bright pink or red bushy-looking flowers that grow on tall stems throughout spring and summer, cockscomb is a delight to grow indoors. This houseplant, which has seen a surge in popularity in the last few years, grows best in a bright location. Sadly, you can only enjoy the blooms for a maximum of 1-2 years depending on whether you grow cockscomb as an annual or biennial, so if you’re looking for a houseplant with longevity, this might not be the best choice for your home. 11) Ixora BOTANICAL NAME: Ixora coccinea COMMON NAME(S): burning love / flame flower HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun Ixora coccinea, or the flame flower, is an easy-to-grow houseplant when it is grown in a bright, warm location, making it a perfect choice for a windowsill. The red flowers grow in round clusters, producing big circular blooms that resemble the flowers of a geranium plant. These blooms flower from spring until autumn, which is another reason this plant is such a great option to consider. 12) False Shamrock BOTANICAL NAME: Oxalis triangularis COMMON NAME(S): purpleleaf false shamrock HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERS: purple and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade Although the false shamrock is commonly known for its clover-shaped purple leaves, it also produces lots of small white or pale purple star-shaped flowers in the summer. Oxalis triangularis is easy to care for, but you must make sure the plant receives enough bright, indirect light in order for it to produce an abundance of flowers. I have grown this as a houseplant and I must say its most attractive feature is its leaves, which open and close gracefully in response to sunlight – often moving themselves to face towards the light. 13) Moth Orchid BOTANICAL NAME: phalaenopsis COMMON NAME(S): moth orchid HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SUNLIGHT: part shade Moth orchids are extremely popular houseplants that produce exotic-looking blooms in a huge array of colours during the winter and spring months. Although they are generally easy to care for, moth orchids need to be grown in a bark or rocky-based orchid growing medium – while also requiring temperatures to stay above 16°C. Luckily enough, you can find orchid compost mixes at most garden centres in the UK and they can easily be sourced online. 14) African Violet BOTANICAL NAME: Saintpaulia ionantha COMMON NAME(S): African violet HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: part shade An evergreen delight, African violets produce stunning frilly flowers, mainly in pink, blue or purple shades, that last all year round. Yes, you heard that correctly. These beautiful blooms can add floriferous colour to your home throughout the year when grown correctly, which explains why this is such a popular plant for indoor growing. 15) Anthurium BOTANICAL NAME: Anthurium andraeanum COMMON NAME(S): flamingo flower / tail flower HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: pink, red and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun Believe it or not, there’s another houseplant that provides floral interest from spring right through to winter – and it’s a special one. Perhaps my favourite on the list, Anthurium andraeanum, also known as the flamingo flower, produces heart-shaped, glossy red, pink or yellow spathes with creamy-green spadices that remind me of lily pads but with more colour! Easy to grow and care for, you can find these beautiful evergreen perennials in supermarkets or garden centres all over the UK. 16) Chenille Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Echeveria leucotricha COMMON NAME(S): chenille plant / white-plush plant HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: orange and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun The chenille plant is a succulent that is most commonly grown for its waxy pale leaves that are covered in a layer of fine white hair. However, over the warmer months, it bears small orangey-red clusters of flowers that are bell-shaped and grow from thick stalks that emerge from the dense foliage. These flowers bring an exotic flare wherever they are grown, and would look great on a windowsill or in a display with other succulents or cacti. 17) Christmas Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Schlumbergera truncata COMMON NAME(S): common winter cactus / Christmas cactus HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: pink, purple and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: part shade Whilst on the subject of cacti, a popular floriferous choice in the UK is the Schlumbergera truncata – the Christmas cactus. This unique plant produces pink, red or purple flowers in the autumn and winter that grow on the end of the trailing, pendant-like stems. Due to its trailing habit, this would be a great choice for a hanging basket, or for the top of a cabinet where it can cascade over the shelves. 18) Chinese Hibiscus BOTANICAL NAME: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis COMMON NAME(S): Chinese hibiscus / blacking plant / China rose HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: orange, red, white and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun Whilst many plants in the hibiscus family make for great indoor displays, it’s the Chinese hibiscus that I think deserves a recommendation. The flowers here are large and showy, with 5 layered petals that can reach 10cm in diameter, which can come in a range of colours from fiery orange to pure white. However, these beautiful blooms only last for a couple of weeks – but you can prolong the flowering period by keeping temperatures above 16°C. 19) Persian Cyclamen BOTANICAL NAME: Cyclamen persicum COMMON NAME(S): Persian cyclamen HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SUNLIGHT: partial shade / full sun The Persian cyclamen is another winter flowering houseplant, producing lovely pink and white-lipped flowers on red stems throughout the colder months through the end of spring. Its foliage also provides some interest and is often variegated, whilst the green and cream leaves are dainty and heart-shaped. 20) Guzmania BOTANICAL NAME: Guzmania COMMON NAME(S): guzmania HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: red and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun Part of the Bromeliad family, guzmania is another widely grown houseplant here in the UK. Its long, thin leaves peel back to reveal a white flower that grows from bright red bracts on an upright stem that can reach up to 0.5m in height. This low-maintenance plant is unfussy and will flower from summer into autumn. 21) Clivia BOTANICAL NAME: clivia COMMON NAME(S): forest lily / boslelie / thong lily HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: orange, red yellow and cream FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun Clivias are a beautiful genus of houseplants that bear string trumpet-shaped fiery flowers in the spring and summer months. With petals in colours from red through to cream, these big-blooming flower heads will turn heads – whichever position in the room they are placed in. 22) Poinsettia BOTANICAL NAME: Euphorbia pulcherrima COMMON NAME(S): poinsettia / Christmas flower HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: red / yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun Poinsettia plants produce tiny yellow flowers in the winter months but are more prized for their beautiful red bracts and green leaves that provide some stunning colour in the cooler months of the year. An exception to the majority of floriferous plants on this list, poinsettia is worth considering because it is relatively easy to care for and can add some winter warmth to any home that is bound to get you in the festive spirit. 23) Flaming Katy BOTANICAL NAME: Kalanchoe blossfeldiana COMMON NAME(S): flaming Katy / panda plant HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: part shade Producing small clusters of red flowers in the spring that are accentuated by the ruffled waxy leaves, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is a delightful indoor flowering plant that is easy to care for. A succulent in the Kalanchoe genus, the green leaves are often scallop-edged and tinged with red when grown in the right conditions. 24) Bromeliad BOTANICAL NAME: bromeliad COMMON NAME(S): bromeliad HARDINESS RATING: varies FLOWERS: varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: partial shade Bromeliads are popular houseplants that come in a range of colours, so you can pick an option that suits the room you want to grow it in. Not only are the flowers encased in layers of gorgeous petal-like bracts, but the blooms also last from spring all the way through to the end of autumn. If you’re looking for a low-maintenance houseplant that will flower with little fuss, I’d recommend bromeliads. 25) Brazilian Fireworks BOTANICAL NAME: Porphyrocoma pohliana COMMON NAME(S): Brazilian fireworks / purple shrimp plant HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: pink and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade To close out this list, I’ve chosen a houseplant that is very rarely grown here in the UK but can be a show-stopper (if you can get your hands on it). Also known as the purple shrimp plant, this perennial produces red deep pink bracts that contain purple flowers which bloom during the summertime. Make sure to grow this plant in a shaded spot in your home, as too much direct sunlight can scorch its silver-veined leaves. References 1. Dendrobium. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved June 27, 2023, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325886-2#children
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You Won't Believe These 10 Houseplant Statistics - We Are A Nation Obsessed With Growing!
In the UK, houseplants have exploded in popularity. The truth is that houseplants are a burgeoning industry, with enthusiasts spending thousands on rare cultivars – often those with genetic defects that give rise to interesting and rare traits like variegated foliage. Buyers in fact have spent upwards of £40,000 on a single plant, signalling the rise of an emerging but fascinating industry, with the UK sitting at the forefront of this emergence. Here are some headline stats for houseplant popularity, upkeep and spending: Headline UK Houseplant Statistics & Facts The average Brit spends £306.71 a year on houseplants. (2021) In 2022, Brits spent £6.1 billion on plants (2023) 46% of Brits purchased a houseplant in 2022 (2023) Houseplants in the office could increase productivity by up to 15%. (2014) 37% of purchasers think that the container is just as important as the type of plant. (2022) 34% of houseplant owners said they valued their plants during lockdown. (2020) 43% of people with houseplants said looking after them improved their wellbeing. (2022) Houseplant sales in UK garden centres in 2021 had increased by 50% since 2019. (2023) 48% of 25-39 year-olds worry about keeping houseplants alive. (2020) Aloe vera is the most searched-for houseplant in the UK. (2022) Read more about each of these below – 1) The average Brit spends £306.71 a year on houseplants A poll of 2,000 people deducted that Brits spend an average of £25.56 a month on houseplants, resulting in a total annual spend of over £300.1 The OnePoll study was commissioned by Miracle-Gro, and also found that it’s the younger generation (18-24-year-olds) that spent the most on houseplants for their homes. On average, Brits buy 2 new houseplants a month, with 18-24-year-olds buying double that amount. Monthly Spend Annual Spend New Houseplants Per Month £25.56 £306.71 2 The reason so much money is spent on houseplants might be to do with the impact they have on their owners, with 51% of the participants stating that they bought a plant to bring nature into their homes, and 36% of them owning plants because they improve their mood. Over a third of those who took part in the survey said they couldn’t imagine living in a home without houseplants. The study also revealed that over 50% of houseplant owners have killed an average of 5 plants accidentally. Overwatering was the biggest unintentional killer, with 54% of plant owners admitting to this, with 30% revealing it was not enough sunlight that caused their plant to die. 2) In 2022, Brits spent £6.1 billion on plants According to data collected by the Research Department at Statista, £6.1 billion was spent by consumers on their garden, plants and flowers in the UK in 2022.2 This was an approximately 13% decrease in expenditure from 2021, with 3021 sales capping off at £6.9 billion. Despite this decrease, this was a slight increase in sales from data collected in 2020 and the years previous. The data collected highlights the dramatic surge in popularity for the horticulture industry as a whole, with Brits spending almost twice the amount on plants as they did in 2013. 3) 46% of Brits purchased a houseplant in 2022 In a published market report on UK houseplants released by the Horticultural Trade Association in 2022, it was revealed that 46% of Brits had purchased a houseplant in 2022, which was a slight increase from the previous year.3 It also found that consumers aged between 25-34 were the age group most likely to spend money on houseplants, as they accounted 23% of the total consumer spend made by the UK population. Bought A Houseplant (2022) Purchased Outdoor Plants (2022) Avg. UK Houseplant Buyers Since 2021 35% of Brits 60% of Brits +14% The Horticultural Trade Association also found that Garden Centres are where the majority of houseplants are purchased, with an estimated 200 million visits made to garden centres by Brits in 2023. 4) Houseplants in the office could increase productivity by up to 15% A 2014 study found that houseplants that were kept in the office could help to increase the productivity of its staff by up to 15%.4 Researchers from the University of Exeter in the UK found that plants in the office made individuals feel more physically, emotionally and cognitively involved in the tasks they were completing, resulting in higher levels of productivity throughout the day. Houseplants in the workplace not only improved levels of concentration, but also appeared to have a positive effect on the air quality, the study also found. Individuals that feel happier in their workspaces seemingly work in a more productive way, and a green workspace is said to do just that. 5) 37% of purchasers think that the container is just as important as the type of plant In a study published by the Floral Marketing Fund in 2022, it was reported that 37% of consumers consider the pot that their houseplant comes in just as much as the plant itself before purchasing.5 In fact, some consumers in the study were not even aware of the type of plant they were purchasing, but instead were influenced by its appearance and the container it came in. The study, which was conducted by researchers from the University of Texas gathered data from 6 of the biggest industry suppliers in the US, focused on the habits of consumers when it came to purchasing houseplants. It also found that flowering houseplants were the most popular and the most money was spent on purchasing indoor palm plants. 6) 34% of houseplant owners said they valued their plants during lockdown In a study commissioned by the RHS in 2020, a survey of 2000 people found that 34% of houseplant owners valued them more during lockdown, as they gave them a sense of purpose in the home.6 7 in 10 people found that having a garden in lockdown improved their mental health, with 67% stating that when looking for their next home, having a garden would be a big priority. 7) 43% of people with houseplants said looking after them improved their wellbeing In a survey of 1,000 people living in the UK, 43% of participants said that taking care of houseplants had a positive impact on their overall wellbeing.7 The survey, which was commissioned by the mental health charity Mind in 2022, was a collaboration with the RHS Chelsea Flower Show, and aimed to discover the impact plants can have on people’s mental wellbeing. It found that over 7 million people in the UK benefited mentally from taking up gardening for the first time during the start of the pandemic in 2020. 63% of respondents said that gardening or spending time in nature improved their stress levels and made them happier. 8) Houseplant sales in UK garden centres in 2021 had increased by 50% since 2019 A UK study conducted by the Garden Centre Association found that garden centre houseplant sales in 2021 had increased approximately by 50% since 2019, highlighting the impact that the pandemic has had on people’s interest in keeping houseplants in their home.8 It also found that retail growth was up 30% from 2020, with people keen to reap the benefits of plants and gardening. The study was based on trade figures that were released in early 2022 and suggested that garden centres were one of the few lucky retailers to quickly recover from the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. 9) 48% of 25-39 year-olds worry about keeping houseplants alive In a 2020 survey of 2,000 25–39-year-olds carried out by OnePoll, 48% of participants said that they were worried about keeping their houseplants alive.9 The survey, which was commissioned by Article, also found that 47% of those asked did not currently own a plant because they were not sure how to take care of it. Despite these anxieties, the research found that 41% of participants wanted to add to their houseplant collection over the following 12 months. The survey, which aimed to understand the relationship that millennials have with plants, found that 7/10 people considered themselves ‘plant parents’ and 81% said that owning a houseplant has had a positive impact on their mental health. 48% said they owned houseplants to improve air quality in their home, whilst 45% stated that the reason they owned houseplants was because they found them calming. 10) Aloe vera is the most searched-for houseplant in the UK Using data pulled from Google’s Keyword Planner in 2022, David Wilson Homes found that Aloe vera was the most searched houseplant in the UK, with an average monthly search volume of 49,500.10 Its popularity doesn’t just stop on Google; Aloe vera also appeared in 4.6 million hashtags on Instagram, seemingly cementing itself as one of the most stylish houseplants. Houseplant Instagram Hashtags Aloe Vera 4,600,000 Philodendron 1,900,000 Ivy 1,800,000 Anthurium 764,000 Air Plant 725,000 Ivies, peace lilies, snake plants and spider plants also proved to be extremely popular, all exceeding 40,000 searches a month on average. This research found that houseplants that required little to no care seemed to be searched for the most. The most asked plant questions were related to water issues, whilst drooping and dying leaves were the biggest issues for houseplant owners. References 1. Hughes, A. (2021, July 16). Average Briton spends hundreds of pounds on houseplants each year, poll finds. The Independent. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/uk-adults-houseplants-poll-gen-z-b1885308.html 2. Statista Research Department. (2023, September 23). Garden, plants, and flowers purchase trend in the United Kingdom 2005-2022. Statista. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/429779/annual-expenditure-plants-and-flowers-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/ 3. Horticultural Trade Association. (2023, October). From Nursery to Nature: The Value of Plants. HTA: The Value of Plants Report. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://hta.org.uk/resources/get?mediaId=15076 4. Why plants in the office make us more productive. (2014, September 1). University of Exeter. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/featurednews/title_409094_en.html 5. Consumer Houseplant Purchasing Study 2021. (2021, January 17). Floral Marketing Fund. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://floralmarketingfund.org/product/consumer-houseplant-purchasing-2021/ 6. Get the gardening low-down on lockdown. (n.d.). Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/health-and-wellbeing/articles/Lockdown-lowdown 7. MIND. (2022, May 23). Over 7 million have taken up gardening since the pandemic: new research shows spending more time in nature has boosted nation’s wellbeing. Mind. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.mind.org.uk/news-campaigns/news/over-7-million-have-taken-up-gardening-since-the-pandemic-new-research-shows-spending-more-time-in-nature-has-boosted-nation-s-wellbeing/ 8. Statista Research Department. (2023, March 10). Post-pandemic annual sales change of houseplants in garden centers in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2021. Statista. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1326279/post-pandemic-houseplant-annual-sales-change-uk/ 9. Fritz, K. (2020, April 8). SURVEY: Decorating with Houseplants. Articulate. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.article.com/blog/survey-decorating-with-houseplants/ 10. The UK’s Most Searched For Houseplants. (n.d.). Houseplants. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.dwh.co.uk/uks-most-searched-for-houseplants/
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Croton: Bring The Tropics Of Asia To Your Living Room By Growing This Houseplant
IN THIS GUIDE Overview Common Varieties Where To Grow Ongoing Plant Care Common Problems References Codiaeum variegatum, or the croton plant as it is more widely known, is a spectacular houseplant that is guaranteed to be the focus of any room. Crotons are renowned for being a bit of a fussy plant to look after, but given some care and the right requirements, they can flourish and brighten up any indoor space. Overview Botanical Name Codiaeum variegatum Common Name(s) Croton / Joseph’s Coat Plant Type Ornamental Houseplant Native Area Asia Hardiness Rating H1B Foliage Evergreen Flowers Produces white flowers (very rarely) When To Plant Year-round When To Prune Year-round Originating from the tropics of Asia, crotons are a spectacular plant and their multicoloured leaves have earned their rather apt synonym, Joseph’s coat.1 With their origins and exotic, vibrant foliage, it is no surprise that they require warm and humid conditions, but they can be successfully grown indoors here in the UK. Common Varieties There are many varieties to choose from, with leaves ranging in colour from red and pink to yellow and purple. Most cultivated plants for sale do not grow as large as those found in the wild, but can still happily grow to an impressive 1.5m tall. Croton plants can sometimes be found for sale in garden centres, but for some of the rarer varieties, searching online will provide more options. More commonly available as relatively inexpensive young plants, mature specimens can be found at rather eye-watering prices. Here are some that are currently available here in the UK. C. variegatum var. pictum ‘Mrs Iceton’ This variety is a stunner, producing beautiful leaves ranging in colour from red and brown to yellow and green. Growing to an eventual height of 1m with half the spread, it certainly is a statement plant. C. variegatum var. pictum ‘Petra’ ‘Petra’ can grow even larger than ‘Mrs Iceton’, reaching an impressive height of 1.2m with a 0.75m spread, meaning it certainly does need some space. With its glossy green, yellow and orange leaves, it really is a magnificent plant. C. variegatum var. pictum ‘Excellent’ This cultivar is an unusual plant. With its dark green leaves highlighted by its contrasting red, gold and yellow veins, it certainly stands out. Grows to an eventual size of 1m tall with 0.5m spread. C. variegatum ‘Mammy’ ‘Mammy’ is one of the smaller varieties. Growing to only 0.5m in height and spread, it is perfect for a smaller room. The foliage of ‘Mammy’ can be slightly less vibrant than others but still packs a punch with its red, yellow and green leaves. Where To Grow Temperature & Humidity Croton plants require a constant minimum temperature of 18°C, which is why they are grown almost exclusively here in the UK as houseplants. When summer temperatures rise above this and once hardened off, they can be moved outside to a sheltered patio or terrace, but beware of a cold night which can seriously shock them. Coming from the tropics, high humidity is a must for crotons to flourish. This can either be achieved by placing them in a warm kitchen or bathroom or by misting regularly depending on how dry the atmosphere is. Sunlight & Exposure Preferring a sunny spot, crotons will cope with a small amount of shade, but too much shade can lead to muted colours. A bright spot receiving morning or late afternoon sunlight is perfect, as they don’t like the scorching midday sun of the summer months. Crotons hate a draught, so be mindful of this when picking a spot for them and avoid any cold or uninsulated windowsills during the colder months. Ongoing Plant Care Croton plants are rather particular when it comes to their growing conditions and will tell you by dropping their leaves if they are unhappy. Watering Watering crotons can be a game of trial and error. They need to have their soil damp at all times and they hate being allowed to completely dry out or sit in waterlogged soil. Placing some pebbles in between their plastic and decorative pot can lift them a few centimetres, thus reducing their chance of sitting in a pool of water. Watering with cold water can send them into a bit of a shock, which is why watering with lukewarm water is recommended. Feeding Crotons are hungry plants and will significantly benefit from being given a balanced liquid feed every 2-4 weeks during the growing season. Repotting With an average rate of growth, crotons will need repotting from time to time as they outgrow their current pot or when their roots protrude out of the bottom. Best done when actively growing in spring or summer, do not be tempted to use an overly large pot, but only one size up and use a specific houseplant potting mix. Pruning Pruning croton plants isn’t strictly necessary. However, dead leaves can be removed and dead branches can be cut back to the base of the plant. Pruning can also be performed to keep the plant to size and shape in spring or summer. Using a pair of clean and sharp secateurs or snips, a cut can be made just above a leaf node, taking no more than one-third off each stem. Deadheading Crotons can be known to flower during the summer months, although this is rather unlikely here in the UK. The small white flowers produced are rather insignificant in comparison to their wonderful foliage and are often removed so as not to detract from the leaves. Either way, if you are lucky enough to have a croton flower, they can either be cut off from the base or allowed to flower and then removed. Dusting Somehow, croton foliage seems to attract even more dust than other houseplants. Even a thin layer of dust can reduce the amount of light the plant receives and even reduce the plant’s ability to photosynthesise. Removing the dust is best achieved using a damp cloth, but don’t be tempted to try using a shiny product as these can damage the precious leaves. “Large, glossy leaved houseplants do tend to attract dust,” shares Colin Skelly, a Horticulturist with experience working as a Head Gardener. “An easy way to wash this off is to stand the plant in a shower and wash it off with cold or tepid water. “This will also water the plant and boost the humidity around the leaves for a time.” Propagating Propagating croton plants from a cutting is relatively simple, and who wouldn’t want to try and grow more of these spectacular plants for free? During the growing season, using a clean and sharp pair of secateurs, take a cutting of new growth 10-12cm long, just above a leaf joint. Remove all but the top 3-4 leaves, place in a pot full of a free-draining potting mix and water well. To prevent the cutting from drying out, it is advisable to cover the pot and cutting with a clear plastic bag, but do not allow the bag to touch the leaves. Keep the cutting warm and moist and out of direct sunlight and check for signs of root growth after 4-6 weeks, after which it can be potted on. Common Problems Croton plants tend not to be troubled by diseases, but they can be susceptible to some pests and other problems. Leaf Drop A croton plant dropping its leaves is its way of telling you that its environment isn’t quite right. If yours begins to drop its leaves after being repotted or after being in transit, do not be too alarmed, as it may just be adjusting to its new environment having suffered a little stress during the packaging and delivery process. However, once happy in its new home, a croton plant may drop its leaves as a result of either the soil being allowed to completely dry out, from overwatering or from experiencing low temperatures or draughts. Foliage Losing Colour Sometimes croton leaves can lose some of their colour and intensity, leading to a rather dull-looking plant. This can be caused by either low light levels in winter or when exposed to too much direct and strong sunlight. During winter it can be advisable to place the plant near a south-facing window so it can receive as much light as possible. However, if this is not an option it may be worth looking into grow lights. Glasshouse Spider Mites Spider mites can be one of the most problematic pests to croton plants. A tiny sap-sucking arachnid which thrives in warm and dry conditions, it’s almost no surprise that houseplants can be so susceptible. Spider mites are difficult to spot due to their tiny size of less than 1mm and the fact that they tend to hide underneath the foliage. Often the first noticeable signs of them being present is the mottling of the leaves and webbing on the plant, which if not dealt with swiftly, can lead to leaf drop and the demise of the plant. In the case of red spider mites, prevention is better than control. This can be aided by checking the plants regularly for signs of them from spring onwards, increasing airflow and increasing humidity levels. However, if red spider mites are confirmed, then biological and pesticidal controls are available. References 1. S. (n.d.-d). Croton, Codiaeum variegatum. Wisconsin Horticulture. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/croton-codiaeum-variegatum/
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Planting Oxalis Bulbs (Corms) In 5 Steps With Emily Cupit's Video Guide
IN THIS GUIDE When To Plant Where To Plant 1) Acquire Oxalis Corms 2) Prepare Your Pot 3) Plant The Corms 4) Cover With Growing Medium 5) Water In Well Oxalis plants are ornamentals often grown indoors in the UK, though there are some varieties that can also be grown outdoors. Also commonly referred to as shamrocks for the shape of their leaves, these can be grown from small bulbs, tuberous root sections or from seed. To plant the bulbs (which are technically corms) of this bulbous perennial, which look like long, thin pine cones: Select and purchase your corms. Prepare a pot filled with a suitable free-draining growing medium. Plant the corms vertically in a deep container, with the narrow end upwards. Make sure the corms are around 2.5cm apart and covered with around 2.5-3.5cm of your growing medium. Water in well, making sure excess water can drain away and wait for growth to emerge. Use our easy-to-follow video for more information, or read on for a more detailed explanation: When To Plant Oxalis bulbs are often planted undercover in autumn for indoor cultivation as houseplants or for transplantation into the garden in spring. They can also be planted in spring after all risk of frost has passed in your area. Where To Plant Where you plant and grow oxalis bulbs very much depends on which oxalis variety you have chosen to grow. It also depends on where you live and whether the oxalis you have chosen will thrive outside in your area. Oxalis triangularis cultivars are commonly grown as houseplants in the UK, though they can also grow outdoors in summer in milder or coastal gardens. Indoors, you need to choose a light, bright location and place the corms in pots filled with a suitably fertile yet free-draining growing medium. 1) Acquire Oxalis Corms If you would like to plant oxalis, the first stage is to select and purchase your corms or, if you have an existing pot of oxalis, the corms can be split up and re-potted. When selecting the oxalis to grow, make sure you think about where you would like to grow it, and the conditions you can provide, as well as its visual appearance. 2) Prepare Your Pot A pot or container for oxalis must have good drainage to allow excess water to drain away at the base, as this plant cannot tolerate waterlogged soil. It must also be deep enough to accommodate the long, thin corms. Fill your container with a free-draining yet fertile growing medium. A mix of peat-free houseplant compost with a grit added for drainage is typically best. 3) Plant The Corms Place a little of the growing medium into the base of the container, making sure that there is a reasonable layer, but that you can still accommodate the corms with space to cover them over on top. A planting depth of 3-5cm is recommended. Place the corms upright in the container, with their narrower ends upwards. You can use a dibber to make the holes for these within the medium. Fill in the growing medium around these carefully. 4) Cover With Growing Medium Once the corms are in place within the growing medium, make sure that you cover these, so that the tops of each one are around 2.5-3.5cm below the surface. Remember, there should also be a little headspace at the top of the container. 5) Water In Well Next, simply give your newly planted corms a drink, but make sure excess water can drain away freely. After, make sure your pot is placed in a suitable location and wait for the new growth to appear.
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Oxalis ‘Purple Shamrock’: This Plant Needs A Period Of Dormancy And Occasional Feeding
IN THIS GUIDE Overview Habitat & Growing Conditions Ongoing Care Common Problems References Shamrock is the name given to several three-leaved plants within the Oxalis genus as well as clover (Trifolium repens) and medick (Medicago lupina), Oxalis bein, popular for their three-four lobed clover-like leaves and star-like flowers, which are grown as houseplants in the UK. These plants, popular as St. Patrick’s Day decoration, are considered lucky by some.1 They are attractive and interesting plants that could be interesting additions to a houseplant collection. In this article, we will focus on the most popular Shamrock or False Shamrock houseplant, Oxalis triangularis. Overview Botanical Name Oxalis triangularis Common Name(s) False Shamrock / Purple Shamrock Plant Type Bulbous perennial Native Area South America Hardiness Rating H3 Foliage Deciduous Flowers Pink and white star-shaped flowers When To Plant Any time if growing indoors, Spring if outdoors Native to South America, this is the plant commonly referred to as false shamrock or ‘shamrock plant’.2 The subspecies O. triangularis subsp. papilionacea, AKA the ‘Purpleleaf False Shamrock’, has been gifted the RHS Award of Garden Merit. This is a bulbous perennial plant with deep maroon, clover-like leaves and white or pale pink, five-petalled little flowers. This may also sometimes be grown outside in the warmest areas, but is also most commonly grown as a houseplant. One very interesting thing about this plant is that the leaves, when examined closely, look like an umbrella during the night or when disturbed, and the flowers also close during the night. It also, unlike most other common houseplants, goes through a period of dormancy each year. Habitat & Growing Conditions Temperature False Shamrock has a H3 hardiness rating and should be grown in temperatures of around 15°C. It will cope with higher temperatures but will tend to suffer if temperatures above 25°C are sustained for too long. It can tolerate temperatures down to around -3°C and will only survive winter outdoors in the very mildest regions of the southern British Isles, in a particularly sheltered spot. Usually, therefore, these plants are grown undercover, or as houseplants here in the UK. Sunlight These plants require a position with bright yet indirect sunlight indoors. Outdoors in a suitable spot they will thrive in partial shade. When not grown as year-round houseplants, these plants are sometimes also placed outdoors in late spring in partial shade, then moved back indoors or undercover into frost-free conditions in early autumn. Soil Requirements In terms of the growing medium, ‘False Shamrock’ needs moisture-retentive yet well-drained soil. A recommended mix for this plant is 1/3 loam, 1/3 leaf mould and 1/3 grit, or, alternatively, an equivalent soil-free compost. Ongoing Care Dormancy ‘False Shamrock’ can be an unusual plant, and many used to growing other houseplants may find them rather different from the other plants they may have grown. The main difference is that as corms, these plants have frequent periods of dormancy, which can occur during winter but may also occur 2-3 times a year if Oxalis is grown undercover. Those who are not familiar with these plants may often fear that their plants are unwell, as they seem unhealthy and begin to lose their leaves, but this is a natural part of the plant’s life cycle. The plant needs a period of rest. Leaves should be allowed to die back naturally, and the corms should be left to the dormancy period for 3-4 weeks when it occurs in the summer months, or overwinter in those with winter dormancy. Watering These plants should be watered in moderation while they are in active growth, taking care not to cause waterlogged conditions, yet also ensuring sufficient moisture. However, when the plants are dormant, watering should be minimal and the growing medium should be kept barely moist. Feeding During periods of active growth, it is a good idea to feed these plants with a balanced, organic liquid plant feed (such as a compost tea) every month or so. However, during dormant phases, feeding should be halted entirely. Propagation Oxalis triangularis can be propagated by means of seed or division. Seeds are best sown as soon as they become mature, in a cold frame or indoors. Note, however, that the seeds of certain subspecies may not come true. This could be interesting, since you may have, for example, purple-leaved types growing from the seeds of a green-leaved form – so you might wish to experiment. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots and grow them indoors, planting out or placing them outdoors in late spring or early summer if you wish to do so. Division is best carried out in spring. Pot up smaller divisions and grow them on in a cold frame or under cover even when planning to place them outdoors, so they are well established. Larger divisions can be placed into an outdoors position right away if they are to be grown outdoors. Common Problems Generally, oxalis are relatively untroubled by pests and diseases. However, they can be troubled by slugs and snails when placed outdoors, and can sometimes be susceptible to rust diseases, which can be unsightly, though these fungal infections will rarely kill your plants. Aside from understanding dormancy, oxalis houseplants are fairly easy to care for and they do not require pruning. In general, you should find false shamrock plants interesting and relatively straightforward additions to a houseplant collection. References 1. DiLonardo, M. (2021, February 8). 17 Things You Didn’t Know About Shamrocks. ThoughtCo. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.thoughtco.com/things-you-didnt-know-about-shamrocks-4863451 2. Oxalis triangularis. (n.d.). North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/oxalis-triangularis/
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