Growing
40 Daisy-Like Flowers With Growing Tips From RHS Gold Medalist Juliet Sargeant
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Daisy 2) African Daisy 3) Marguerite 4) Chamomile 5) Black-Eyed Susan 6) Hilton Daisy 7) Autumn Sneezeweed 8) Poached Egg Flower 9) Livingstone Daisy 10) Indian Chrysanthemum 11) Baby Sun Rose 12) Cupid’s Dart ‘Alba’ 13) Crown Daisy 14) Beach Aster 15) Firewheel 16) Daisy Bush 17) Cooper’s Ice Plant 18) Chocolate Daisy 19) Tickseed ‘Grandiflora’ 20) Compass Plant 21) Gazania 22) Zinnia ‘Profusion White’ 23) Mexican Flame Vine 24) Painted Daisy 25) Great Leopard’s Bane 26) Butter Daisy 27) Gaillardia 28) Shasta Daisy 29) Pot Marigold 30) Blackfoot Daisy 31) Mexican Sunflower 32) Michaelmas Daisy 33) Sunflower ‘Lemon Queen’ 34) Ox-Eye Daisy 35) Gerbera Daisy 36) Dyer’s Tickseed 37) Purple Coneflower 38) Curly Leaf Daisy 39) African Daisy ‘Flame’ 40) Florist’s Cineraria Daisies are beautiful flowers that are easily recognisable here in the UK and can bring a simple touch of colour to any garden display. Typically, daisies are made up of a central, usually colourful, disk that is surrounded by long, thin petals that often come in layers. There are lots of plants that produce flowers that resemble daisies, so if you are looking specifically for a daisy-like bloom (perhaps in a more unusual colour or shape) you’ve come to the right place. “Pollinators such as bees and butterflies are attracted to these open-structured flowers where plenty of nectar is available to them,” shares Roy Nicol, a Master Horticulturist. We share 40 plants with daisy-like flowers that you can grow in your garden (or in the home for some of our more tender plant types). 1) Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Bellis perennis HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: yellow, white and pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0-0.1m spread I had to start the list with the daisy most commonly found here in the UK. Bellis perennis is a fully-hardy perennial that is often found in fields or woodland areas and bears the classic daisy shape that the rest of the plants in this guide emulate. This small plant is unfussy and can be grown in most conditions, but will look best in a wildflower meadow. 2) African Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Osteospermum jucundum HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread African daisies produce short-lived flowers in many colours throughout summer and autumn and have a spreading habit, growing up to 1m wide with half the height. These perennials are frost-tender, so make sure to provide some winter protection over the colder months, such as a mulch or horticultural fleece. 3) Marguerite BOTANICAL NAME: Argyranthemum frutescens HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: perennial / sub-shrub FLOWERS: yellow, pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread With 2cm wide blooms that come in shades of pink and white, marguerite is an evergreen perennial that is best suited for container cultivation, so it can be moved to a warmer location during the winter. It bears striking similarities to a colourful Chrysanthemum, which is perhaps why members of this plant family are sometimes categorised in the same genus. 4) Chamomile BOTANICAL NAME: Chamaemelum nobile HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: herb / perennial FLOWERS: white and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Chamomile is one of my favourite daisy-like flowers as it is a low-maintenance perennial that is a great companion plant for lots of shrubs, trees and vegetables. Plant this deciduous herb in your vegetable gardens to act as a ground cover plant and to also repel pests by attracting beneficial pollinators. “The non-flowering cultivar Chamaemelum nobile ‘Treneague’ can be used to create a chamomile lawn where the soil is light, which is a great alternative to grass where foot traffic is low,” says Roy. 5) Black-Eyed Susan BOTANICAL NAME: Rudbeckia fulgida HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: gold, brown and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Producing stunning yellow florets and brown-black centres, black-eyed Susan looks like an eccentric sunflower and is a hardy perennial that can grow up to 1m tall and wide. You can plant rudbeckia in your flower borders and beds for a splash of colour, or grow this perennial in a wildflower meadow for a more natural display. 6) Hilton Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Gerbera aurantiaca HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial / annual FLOWERS: red, orange, white and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread The Hilton Daisy is a rare short-lived perennial that is usually grown for its bright red flowers that bloom from spring to autumn. This plant is often used as a cut flower in bouquets or indoor displays around the home. 7) Autumn Sneezeweed BOTANICAL NAME: Helenium autumnale HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: brown and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Growing on stems up to 1.5m high that are covered with thin green leaves, Autumn Sneezeweed bears flowers with frilly brown centres that are surrounded by yellowy-orange petals. This plant works well in a wildlife-friendly garden, as its open blooms are a delight for pollinators – and provide pollen late in the season when much else has died away. “An excellent cultivar used extensively in gardens is Helenium ‘Moerheim Beauty’ which has rich copper-red flowers from mid to late summer,” Roy adds. 8) Poached Egg Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Limnanthes douglasii HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERS: yellow and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Limnanthes douglasii, more commonly referred to as the poached egg flower, is a unique daisy-like annual that has white-tipped petals and yellow centres, giving it the appearance of – you guessed it – a poached egg. As a deserving recipient of the RHS Award of Garden Merit, this plant is a delight to grow in UK gardens and would be a lovely addition to flower borders or beds. 9) Livingstone Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: CLERETUM BELLIDIFORME HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: succulent / annual FLOWERS: purple, yellow, pink, orange and cream FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Although technically a succulent (you can tell by its thick waxy leaves) Cleretum bellidiforme produces colourful daisies that mirror those of any usual garden flower. You can grow this plant indoors, but I’d recommend planting it outside with other summer-flowering annuals. 10) Indian Chrysanthemum BOTANICAL NAME: Chrysanthemum indicum HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread The Indian chrysanthemum is a half-hardy perennial which grows best in any sheltered location that receives plenty of sun. These stand-out yellow blooms are highly fragrant and would work well planted near doors or on the edge of garden paths so you can really appreciate the lemony aroma during its flowering seasons. “In colder parts of the UK, these plants can be overwintered by lifting them in the late autumn and storing the crowns in a frost-free location in slightly damp compost,” says Roy. “In the spring, when brought into the warmth, they will re-shoot, at which point careful watering can be started.” 11) Baby Sun Rose BOTANICAL NAME: Aptenia cordifolia HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: succulent / houseplant FLOWERS: pink, red and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Baby sun rose bears pink, red and purple flowers during summer and autumn. Another succulent, this trailing frost-tender evergreen is best grown in a container indoors in well-draining compost with added grit where it can benefit from its preferred conditions year-round. Place it outdoors in the summer to make the most of the abundance of sunshine. 12) Cupid’s Dart ‘Alba’ BOTANICAL NAME: Catananche caerulea ‘Alba’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With layered white petals that are tinged with purple towards the centre, cupid’s dart ‘Alba’ offers unusual-looking flowers that will bring something different to your garden beds. You can grow ‘Alba’ in a gravel or rock garden – or use the cut flowers as a living display in your home. “This short-lived perennial enjoys sunny positions in well-drained light soils,” explains Roy. 13) Crown Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Glebionis coronaria HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERS: yellow, brown and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Crown daisies are another plant that looks like the inside of a recently cracked boiled egg, but these fully hardy plants can also have dark brown centres and grow on stems that can reach 1m tall. These delightful daisy-like blooms would work well in an annual wildflower display and will pair nicely with some other hardy annuals in this list. 14) Beach Aster BOTANICAL NAME: Erigeron glaucus HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: purple and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.2m in height, 0.3m spread Erigeron glaucus, or beach asters, are hardy perennials with evergreen foliage and flowers that are great for pollinators. With an abundance of frilly purple blooms that appear in summer, this plant would look great in a low-growing garden border or used as an edging plant in a sunny position in light soil. 15) Firewheel BOTANICAL NAME: Gaillardia pulchella HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERS: red and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer and autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Producing fiery flowers with red petals that are tipped in yellow, Gaillardia pulchella, also known as Firewheel, is aptly named. Usually grown as an annual here in the UK, this long-flowering plant can be a great choice for gardens that do not have as much space for planting, as these bright blooms can also work well as a stand-alone plant in a very small area. Make sure to give them plenty of sun in free-draining soil if you’d like them to flower to their full potential. 16) Daisy Bush BOTANICAL NAME: Olearia x MOLLIS HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: shrub FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 2.5-4m spread The daisy bush is slightly different to the other plants featured in this list. It features clusters of tiny, white daisy-like flowers growing from woody stems – reaching up to 2.5m in height and almost double the width. The flowers appear in bunches during the summer months. This evergreen shrub can be used at the back of garden beds or for hedging and natural screening. “I’m growing Olearia at the moment, which is a great evergreen shrub that has a pink or white flower,” shares Garden Designer Juliet Sargeant. “It’s a Mediterranean plant that you can’t really grow in the colder areas of the UK, but I live by the coast down south and it’s proving to be a really useful plant that I would definitely recommend if you can grow it.” 17) Cooper’s Ice Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Delosperma cooperi HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: succulent / houseplant FLOWERS: pink, red and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Although it is commonly grown as a houseplant, I think cooper’s ice plant would be a great choice for a dry gravel garden or rockery, as it needs a sandy growing medium that does not retain moisture. As long as this plant is grown in a sheltered position in full sun, you will be able to enjoy its colourful summer blooms for years to come. 18) Chocolate Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Berlandiera lyrata HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The chocolate daisy (so-named as its green-grey foliage smells of chocolate) is a yellow flowering perennial that has a darker centre and a circle of red and brown stamina that line the edge of its centre. This rare flower is popular with butterflies and will make a great choice in a meadow planting scheme. 19) Tickseed ‘Grandiflora’ BOTANICAL NAME: Coreopsis verticillata ‘Grandiflora’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Another daisy-looking perennial with yellow flowers, tickseed ‘Grandiflora’ makes a lovely addition to many garden displays. Flowering throughout summer and into autumn and growing to around 1m in height with half the spread, I would plant this tickseed in garden planters or raised beds. 20) Compass Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Silphium laciniatum HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 2.5-4m in height, 0.5-1m spread Growing up to 4m tall, the thick sturdy stems of the compass plant display large yellow daises that have more than a passing resemblance to some sunflower varieties. This hardy perennial is tall and can be grown against a wall or trellis as the backdrop to a garden bed, but avoid acidic soils. 21) Gazania BOTANICAL NAME: Gazania linearis HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: orange, red and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Gazania linearis produces stunning daisy-like blooms in shades of orange, red and yellow throughout spring and summer and is guaranteed to liven up any garden display. As a frost-tender perennial, make sure you are protecting your gazania over the colder months. I always think container growing for less hardy plants like gazania is the way to go, as you can then move the pot indoors or to a warmer location over winter. “Last autumn I dug up a whole group of Gazanias from a border and after repotting, overwintered them in a light frost-free position,” shares Roy. “In the late spring, they were settled back into the border and flowering well by early summer.” 22) Zinnia ‘Profusion White’ BOTANICAL NAME: Zinnia ‘Profusion White’ HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERS: yellow and gold FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread This white zinnia variety opens its white petals to reveal a gold centre, blooming throughout summer and right up until late autumn. ‘Profusion White’ is another H2 hardy plant, but as it is usually grown as an annual here in the UK, you can grow it in your mixed bedding with other short-lived flowers. This plant holds the RHS Award of Garden Merit (AGM), meaning it has been proven to perform reliably in gardens. 23) Mexican Flame Vine BOTANICAL NAME: PSEUDOGYNOXYS CHENOPODIOIDES HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: shrub / climber / houseplant FLOWERS: orange and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 4-8m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread Mexican flame vine is a shrub that will do best when grown in a heated greenhouse or as a houseplant. With bright orange blooms and fragrant flowers, this shrubby climber will need to be kept in check as it can reach staggering heights if it is not pruned back. It can also be grown to cascade down walls where an opportunity exists to plant from above. Grow Mexican flame vine in a loamy potting medium with access to bright and direct sunlight. 24) Painted Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Tanacetum coccineum HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: pink, yellow, white and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread This gorgeous perennial bears bright colourful daisies that are usually pink or red with yellow centres on stems that grow up to 1m tall. Painted daisies are easy to grow and have bushy foliage, making them great for planting in garden beds or borders. They also work great as a cut flower placed in a vase indoors. 25) Great Leopard’s Bane BOTANICAL NAME: Doronicum pardalianches HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Often found in woodland areas due to its ability to spread underground by its tuberous runners and preference for partial shade, rhizomatous great leopard’s bane will need to be kept in check to prevent it from spreading horizontally. Some gardeners consider it bordering on invasive, so this might be a plant like bamboo that is better grown in containers to restrict its roots. However, if you have the time and patience, its tall, yellow, daisy-like flowers will brighten up your garden in spring and can be a great cut flower for displays inside the home. 26) Butter Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Melampodium divaricatum HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The butter daisy is a fully hardy annual that is great for growing in lawns or wildflower meadows with other low-maintenance plants. It is characterised by its small, deep yellow flowers that arrive on long thin stems and its ovate green leaves. Although this diminutive flower might not be a show-stopper, it’s perfect for adding a touch of colour to underserviced areas of your garden. 27) Gaillardia BOTANICAL NAME: Gaillardia aristata HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: red and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Gaillardia aristata, more often called the common gaillardia, is a half-hardy perennial with many cultivars producing an abundance of large flower heads with red petals that are tipped with a bright yellow. Grow this plant in a spot that gets plenty of sun and make sure it never sits in moist soil for too long, as gaillardia prefers to grow in soil that is always well-drained. “From the North American prairies, this plant looks great when grown with tall grasses such as Calamagrostis behind it and is drought tolerant, making it useful in planting schemes in sunny positions with poor soil,” says Roy. 28) Shasta Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Leucanthemum × superbum HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: white and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Probably one of the more well-known daisy-type varieties, the Shasta daisy produces showy white flowers with yellow centres on tall, sturdy stems. As long as this perennial is planted in a position where it will be sheltered from any strong winds, it will be relatively easy to grow and won’t require much additional care once established. 29) Pot Marigold BOTANICAL NAME: Calendula officinalis HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: annual / biennial FLOWERS: orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Calendula officinalis, or pot marigold, is beloved by gardeners because of its bright orange blooms and its low-maintenance tendencies. This annual grows well in many different garden displays, but if you grow fruit or vegetables in your beds, I’d recommend planting some pot marigolds nearby, as they are first-rate companion plants. They can act as a trap for slugs and snails and can also attract beneficial pollinators to your veg patches. “If drought-stressed, Calendula have a tendency to suffer from powdery mildew, so I’d recommend keeping them watered during dry spells,” shares Roy. 30) Blackfoot Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Melampodium leucanthum HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: white and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread From the same genus as the butter daisy, this perennial is known for its long-lasting white blooms that usually flower from early April to late September. Blackfoot daisy is a great option for dry or gravel gardens as it requires well-drained soil. 31) Mexican Sunflower BOTANICAL NAME: Tithonia ROTUNDIFOLIA HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERS: orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1.5-2m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The Mexican sunflower features long, lobed petals with vertical indents and a deep orange hue. Each plant will yield tens of flowers – each up to 8cm in diameter on stems up to 2m tall. Tithonia rotundifolia will thrive if planted in a protected site with plenty of sun. “The stand-out cultivar to look for in the seed catalogue is T. rotundifolia ‘Torch’,” shares Roy. “Regular deadheading will ensure flowering right through into November until the first frosts for this cultivar.” 32) Michaelmas Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Symphyotrichum × salignum HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: white and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Symphyotrichum × salignum, more commonly referred to as the Michaelmas Daisy, is a fully hardy perennial with white and yellow daisy-like flowers that bloom from late May until the start of September. It is part of the aster family, and will look best in a wildflower meadow with other low-maintenance perennials. Just make sure it is not grown in acidic soil – this plant cannot tolerate pH levels lower than 4. 33) Sunflower ‘Lemon Queen’ BOTANICAL NAME: HELIANTHUS ‘LEMON QUEEN’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread A recipient of the RHS Award of Garden Merit, H. ‘Lemon Queen’ is truly a delight for both the gardeners who grow it and for the pollinators who frequent its flowers during summer. With lemony-yellow flowers growing on tall stems which will require staking in more exposed positions, this hardy perennial will make a great addition at the back of a perennial border as long as it is not grown in acidic conditions. 34) Ox-Eye Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Leucanthemum vulgare HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: white and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Ox-eye daisies are as similar to the real thing as you can get. These low-maintenance perennials produce white and yellow blooms throughout spring and summer and are great plants for filling low-effort meadow areas and as low-growing border plants for paths and edging. 35) Gerbera Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Gerbera ‘GARVINEA SWEET SUNSET’ HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Gerberas are popular perennials with a number of cultivars in the ‘Garvinea’, ‘Garvinea Sweet Series’ or ‘Everlast Series’ in eye-catching oranges, reds and yellows which bloom through the summer into the autumn. As they are hardy to -5°C, they will only survive in milder parts of the UK in well-drained soil. G. jamesonii is a tender houseplant with a hardiness rating of H1C, blooming in the same range of colours and can be grown inside on a sunny windowsill. 36) Dyer’s Tickseed BOTANICAL NAME: Coreopsis tinctoria HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERS: red and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread An easy-to-grow annual, dyer’s tickseed produces red and yellow flowers in summer and autumn that are ideal drought-tolerant plants, as they grow best in a well-drained medium. Wherever you choose to grow Coreopsis tinctoria, make sure it is planted in a spot where it will get lots of sun throughout the day. 37) Purple Coneflower BOTANICAL NAME: Echinacea purpurea HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: brown, pink and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Echinacea purpurea, or the purple coneflower, is a vivid flowering plant that grows up to 1.5m in height and is a popular garden flower here in the UK. This popular daisy-like perennial is a fantastic choice for pollinators in a wildlife-friendly garden and also for more natural planting schemes where it can grow alongside other unfussy summer-flowering plants. 38) Curly Leaf Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Arctotis revoluta HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FLOWERS: yellow, white and orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread The curly-leaf daisy is a small, low-growing shrub that produces flowers with long yellow petals and centres. Unsurprisingly, this plant also bears curly kale-like leaves that are often covered in a layer of fine hair. Although it’s not typically grown here in the UK, Arctotis revoluta is relatively easy to grow here and would make a fine addition to any garden bed or border. 39) African Daisy ‘Flame’ BOTANICAL NAME: Arctotis × hybrida hort. ‘Flame’ HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: orange and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With bright fiery blooms that appear in early summer and last for months on end, African daisy ‘flame’ is an astute choice for any garden. Although ‘Flame’ is H2 hardy, if it is given the right protection over winter it can flower for many years. Grow in a site in full sun with a well-drained growing medium in order to achieve the best results. 40) Florist’s Cineraria BOTANICAL NAME: Pericallis × hybrida HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: perennial / annual / houseplant FLOWERS: red, blue, white, purple and pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Finishing this list is a stunning houseplant that is easy enough to grow indoors for even the most novice gardener. Florist’s Cineraria produce beautiful bicoloured flowers that gradate with a range of different colours from purple to red, to blue and white. When grown in a container, you can place this houseplant outdoors in late spring.
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BCSS Member David Ennals Shares 23 Flowering Cactus Plants He Loves Most
IN THIS GUIDE Expert Chosen Varieties 1) Christmas Cactus 2) Common Winter Cactus 3) Dwarf Turks Cap Cactus 4) Orchid Cactus 5) Texas Rainbow Cactus 6) Klapper’s Hedgehog Cactus 7) Scheer’s Hedgehog Cactus 8) Black Lace Cactus 9) Silver Ball Cactus 10) Glory Of Texas 11) Peanut Cactus 12) Pond Lily Cactus 13) Easter Cactus 14) Bottle Cactus 15) Rose Pincushion 16) Owl’s Eye Pincushion 17) Ladyfinger Cactus 18) Wine-Fragrant Chin Cactus 19) Purple Prickly Pear 20) Wheel Cactus 21) Bishop’s Mitre 22) Silver Torch 23) Ground Master References Cacti are, of course, associated with spines and thorns, but many varieties produce pretty and vibrant flowers that can really steal the show. The only question is about cactus flower shapes, sizes and colours! “There’s cacti that can be grown to match most situations, from windowsill, to conservatory, to outdoors in the summer months,” suggests Master of Horticulture Colin Skelly. We interviewed several expert cacti growers for this guide, including: David Ennals – Owner of Coach House Cacti Dirk Himschoot – President of the Desert Plant Society of Vancouver “The form and variety of cacti make me passionate about growing them,” says David. “I also love the art of propagation and enjoy the challenge of raising these plants from seed. “The flowers are uplifting too!” Cactus plants can be quite fussy and demanding but not when it comes to ongoing care. What they are particular about is their environmental conditions, including sun, soil and humidity. An outdoor cactus requires very little care if these are met in a once-and-for-all fashion. So if you’d like a challenge trying to grow a thorny, spiny plant with lovely flowers in your backyard. Expert Chosen Varieties We asked David Ennals to share his favourite varieties of cacti. “There is such a vast variety of forms, so it completely depends on whatever floats your boat!” says David. “Most people grow them for their flowers, but I tend to like the ones with strong supination, such as Ferocactus and Stenocactus.” Mammillaria beneckei “However, my favourite genus has to be Mammillaria.” Dirk also has a soft spot for this genus: “Mammillaria and Gymnocalycium are my favourite cacti, as they tend to flower at an early age.” However, he loves growing most cacti varieties for the same reasons. “When neglected, cacti still survive and look good,” he says. Gymnocalycium mihanovichii “They are water friendly but you do not need to water every day. Just once a week in the growing season, once a month in the summer and once every 2-3 months in winter.” If these choices aren’t enough for you, keep reading for our detailed list below. I have made it a point to include at least one species from a dozen cactus genera, from which two ‘major’ ones, Mammillaria and Echinocereus, are represented by four varieties each. I’d encourage you to explore the genus of whatever flowering cactus strikes your fancy. 1) Christmas Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Schlumbergera × buckleyi HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: pink and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter SUNLIGHT: part shade SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; acidic to neutral pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread RHS Award of Garden Merit The Christmas cactus has overtly jointed segments with its colour varying from a dull greyish-green to a glossy bright green. This popular plant is a favourite for indoor cultivation. Initially upright, it spreads and trails like a cascading plant you might see in a hanging basket. During winter and over the Christmas period, it bears pendent flowers that are tiered and have flared petals in shades of pink, red or purple. This plant is a recipient of the RHS Award of Garden Merit. 2) Common Winter Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Schlumbergera truncata HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: purple, pink and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: part shade SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; acidic to neutral pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Somewhat similar to but not the same as the Christmas cactus, the common winter cactus’ segments are less jagged and its thorns are a little smaller. It too is a top choice for indoor containers and also has a trailing, cascading habit. In late autumn and early winter, it produces flowers somewhat similar to those of the Christmas Cactus in the shades of pink, orange and red. 3) Dwarf Turks Cap Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Melocactus matanzanus HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; acidic to neutral pH SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0-0.1m spread Only growing to around 8cm tall, Turk’s Cap cactus is spherical and a slow-grower. It has long, pronounced thorns arranged in a star shape. In late spring and early summer, it bears a curious flower that is oblong and curved, with floral growth that has fine hairs that resemble fur in hues ranging from mid-pink to a deep red. This endangered cactus can be a challenge to grow.1 4) Orchid Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: epiphyllum HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: part shade SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Featuring very long segments with flat, smooth surfaces and capable of growing to great heights, the flowers of the orchid cactus come in various different forms depending on the hybrid. They flower for only a few days during the end of spring to early summer. However, the blooms are big, fragrant and come in brilliant tones of pink, yellow and red, so it’s well worth growing despite the short blooming time. 5) Texas Rainbow Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Echinocereus dasyacanthus HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0-0.1m spread Usually having only one stem, the Texas rainbow cactus reaches less than 40cm in height, so its 10cm flowers look very big in comparison. These are elongated and conical-shaped and are gradated yellow in colour and appear from stems that vary from pinkish to light brown. Although the cactus is spiny, its big, sunny yellow flowers are fragrant and have a long blooming season that covers the months through spring. 6) Klapper’s Hedgehog Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Echinocereus klapperi HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: orange and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0-0.1m spread Many clumping stems and long thorns characterise Klapper’s hedgehog cactus. These spiny stems have a variable colour, appearing light grey or green all over. During summer, this cactus produces flowers that are funnel-shaped with a prominent pistil jutting up. The colours are in vibrant tones of orange and red. 7) Scheer’s Hedgehog Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Echinocereus scheeri HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: pink, purple and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Scheer’s hedgehog cactus consists of oblong stems and a clumping form that appear rather like canes. Light green in colour, they are ridged and have long, sharp thorns all along the ridges. The colour of the stems is varied, from dull to rich, dark green. Just as variable are the colours of the trumpet-shaped flowers, which are borne in spring and may be pink, fuchsia, purple or even orange. This cactus is a recipient of the RHS Award of Garden Merit. 8) Black Lace Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Echinocereus reichenbachii HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: pink and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Black lace cactus comprises of a very dark green columnar stem that can look like an elongated egg, reaching up to 35cm tall. The prominent ribs, often curving, bear equally prominent areoles and spines. From mid-spring to early summer it produces attractive funnel-shaped flowers that are 8cm wide. They are of a purple shade, usually a vivid magenta-purple. A recipient of the RHS Award of Garden Merit. 9) Silver Ball Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Parodia scopa subsp. scopa HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; acidic to neutral pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0-0.1m spread Very aptly named, the silver ball cactus looks the part because its stem is ball-shaped and has a silvery appearance due to the densely-packed, very fine, silvery spines and their areoles. It may exist as a single plant or in a cluster. During summer it produces bright yellow salver-shaped flowers with reddish eyes and is another recipient of the RHS Award of Garden Merit. 10) Glory Of Texas BOTANICAL NAME: Thelocactus bicolor HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0-0.1m spread Yet another plant on this list to receive the RHS AGM, Glory of Texas consists of a solitary spherical or ovoid stem that is rich green and is covered with sharp spines. As it is no more than 20cm high, its 8cm wide flowers look even larger than they are. Borne during summer, they are funnel-shaped to salver-shaped and of a rich magenta-purple hue with a yellowy-red centre. 11) Peanut Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Echinopsis chamaecereus HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERS: orange and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The peanut cactus has oblong segments of a dark green shade with a picture perfect number and arrangement of thorns. Its multiple stems have a mat-forming habit and, during summer, it produces funnel-shaped to salver-shaped flowers. Measuring about 6cm in diameter, they are a vibrant vermilion hue. With a hardiness rating of H3, it is relatively hardy for a cactus, which is perhaps why it also has RHS AGM status. 12) Pond Lily Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Nopalxochia phyllanthoides HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; acidic pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Of a semi-erect form but classified as bushy, pond lily cactus reaches up to 40cm in height. The stems are dark green, flattish, and, unusally for cacti, not spiny at all. It bears copious flowers during summer. These many-petalled blooms are salver-shaped and of a lotus-pink hue. 13) Easter Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Hatiora gaertneri HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; acidic to neutral pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With segmented stems that are arching and well-branched, the Easter Cactus has a sprawling yet graceful quality about it. The flattened stems are a rich green shade which perfectly sets off its vivid scarlet flowers which this floriferous cactus often bears in profusion in late spring and early summer. “My favourite plant really does depend on what is happening at that time, but at the moment it is my Easter Cactus,” shares jane Perrone, a Houseplant Expert. “It has just finished flowering and was covered in these gorgeous red flowers. I love Florist’s cacti in general.” They are funnel-shaped and measure about 7cm. Another recipient of the RHS AGM. 14) Bottle Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Hatiora salicornioides HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: orange and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The bottle cactus is aptly named, with each of its jointed, narrow segments shaped like an upside-down bottle! It has a bushy, often spreading, habit and is densely branched which causes the longer stems to dangle and droop. In late spring and early summer, it bears tiny 1.5cm wide flowers at the tips of young stems that are funnel-shaped and orange or yellow in colour. 15) Rose Pincushion BOTANICAL NAME: Mammillaria zeilmanniana HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: pink and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Rose pincushion is a neat-looking cactus that consists of several clustered spherical stems with a ring of little flowers, quite like a wreath, atop each plump stem. The stems are only several centimetres high and wide and have an abundance of fine, long thorns. Just as abundant are the wee 2cm flowers which are of a purple-pink hue. Though summer is the prime blooming season, this cactus flowers at other times of the year too. 16) Owl’s Eye Pincushion BOTANICAL NAME: Mammillaria parkinsonii HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: pink and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Similar to the cactus listed above, owl’s eye pincushion is made up of tightly packed clumps of ball-like stems that, though green, appear greyish because of the profusion of long white spines. Stems are about 15cm high and wide. In spring, this cactus bears several tiny little flowers atop each stem that are usually rich yellow or bright pink. Another RHS AGM recipient. 17) Ladyfinger Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Mammillaria elongata HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: pink and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread In summer, the ladyfinger cactus bears very small, cup-shaped flowers from its rounded stem. Although they are usually pink with yellow tinges, what makes this cactus quite unusual is that sometimes the colour is cream or white. 18) Wine-Fragrant Chin Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Gymnocalycium tillianum HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: pink and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0-0.1m spread Neither fragrant or wine, wine-fragrant chin cactus is a little delight and has been awarded with RHS AGM status. It is a solitary ball of a greyish-green hue with pronounced longitudinal ridges which have long, sharp thorns. This ball is up to 12cm across. In summer, it produces funnel-shaped flowers measuring about 5cm in diameter that are often a bright pink shade. 19) Purple Prickly Pear BOTANICAL NAME: Opuntia macrocentra HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: yellow and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread From the same genus as the very well-known prickly pear, we feature two lesser-known species. First up is the purple prickly ear. Like most other members of the genus, it has jointed flattish ovoid segments and a bushy form. It bears somewhat cup-shaped flowers that are yellow with a bright red centre. The story here is about the stem segments as they are usually a greyish-rose shade of purple, which is rare among cacti. 20) Wheel Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Opuntia robusta HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand; alkaline to neutral pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Also from the same genus as the prickly pear is Opuntia robusta. It too is of a bushy habit and the stems consist of jointed flattish ovoid segments that are usually a wonderful, eye-pulling, rich shade of green. This one’s funnel-shaped blooms are of a brilliant, vibrant yellowy-orange hue. 21) Bishop’s Mitre BOTANICAL NAME: Astrophytum myriostigma HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or chalk; alkaline to neutral pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0-0.1m spread Consisting of 5-7 segments in a star shape, the charm is that each segment is shaped quite like a bishop’s hat! Something that is equally charming and uncommon, this cactus lacks any thorns. It is a dull greyish-green and rises to 15-20cm in height, producing 5cm wide yellow flowers throughout the summer months. The RHS Award of Garden Merit has been awarded to this cactus. 22) Silver Torch BOTANICAL NAME: Cleistocactus strausii HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; any pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Tall, columnar stems that grow to 1-1.5m and branch from ground level, silver torch is a cactus you might see in a Western film. The profusion of fine thorns are arranged in neat vertical lines along the stems. During summer, it produces a plethora of tubular flowers ranging up and down the stems that are of a dramatic deep, rich red hue. This cactus is a recipient of the RHS Award of Garden Merit. 23) Ground Master BOTANICAL NAME: Echinocactus texensis HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERS: pink and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun SOIL REQUIREMENTS: sand or loam; alkaline to neutral pH SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The ground master has only one solid barrel-shaped stem set deep in the soil, which is heavily ridged and projects hard, sharp thorns. The stem, when fully grown, is about 20-30cm and is flattish at the top. In summer, it produces bell-shaped blooms that have a frilly, ruffled appearance. They are usually in a pastel shade of pink with which the red throat and yellow stamens make a pretty contrast. References 1. Thornton, B. (2007, January). Nichols Turk’s Head Cactus Conservation. Friends of Ironwood Forest. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://ironwoodforest.org/about/the-monument/nature/nichols-turks-head-cactus
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Gothic Gardens: 30 Plants With Black Flowers Or Foliage For An Unusual Aesthetic
IN THIS GUIDE 1) African Mask 2) Black Bamboo 3) Columbine ‘Black Barlow’ 4) Black Bat Flower 5) Black Bearded Iris 6) Elephant Ear ‘Black Coral’ 7) Elderberry ‘Black Beauty’ 8) Calla Lily ‘Black Forest’ 9) Black Haworthia 10) Black Hollyhock 11) Pepper ‘Black Pearl’ 12) Coleus ‘Black Prince’ 13) Black Scallop 14) Black Velvet Petunia 15) Ninebark ‘Diabolo’ 16) False Shamrock 17) Fringe Flower 18) Coneflower ‘Green Wizard’ 19) Hibiscus ‘Midnight Marvel’ 20) Black Willow 21) Sunflower ‘Moulin Rouge’ 22) Black Mondo 23) Nemophila ‘Penny Black’ 24) Persian Lily 25) Tulip ‘Queen Of Night’ 26) ZZ Plant ‘Raven’ 27) Rex Begonia 28) Primrose ‘Silver Lace Black’ 29) Dahlia ‘Yellow Hammer’ 30) Aeonium ‘Zwartkop’ References When most of us think of plants and flowers, we think of greenery serving as a backdrop for bright colours and pastel tones. We rarely contemplate black blossoms or foliage, but the darker-toned members of the plant kingdom can be equally impactful in an outdoor or indoor display. While black flora is often associated with mourning, grief and loss, it can also symbolise mystique, elegance and intrigue. It also serves as a magnificent foil for some of the livelier tones in your garden, so the next time you’re planning an arrangement or border, keep these black flowers and foliage options in mind. “Black foliage can lend a really unfamiliar and exciting look to planting,” shares Colin Skelly, a Horticultural Consultant who specialises in garden design. “Combined with bright flowers and large leaves it can create a really exotic look. “I have used dark-leaved Colocasia in a pond surrounded by tree ferns to create a very otherworldly feel.” 1) African Mask BOTANICAL NAME: Alocasia × amazonica HARDINESS RATING: H1A PLANT TYPE: perennial / houseplant SUNLIGHT: part shade Elephant ear plants are striking enough in their own right, but this variety is something else. The foliage is as similarly oversized as other species in the genus, but its dark colourings, accentuated excellently by the whitish-greenish veining on the leaves, guarantee it’ll be a talking point wherever it’s grown. 2) Black Bamboo BOTANICAL NAME: Phyllostachys nigra HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: bamboo SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade Bamboo already provides excellent screening material, but the black variety of this sturdy grass is an even more attractive option. You can use it to create privacy in your garden or set it up as a backdrop for brighter colours to really pop in front of. 3) Columbine ‘Black Barlow’ BOTANICAL NAME: Aquilegia vulgaris ‘Black Barlow’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade Often mistaken for a dahlia, ‘Black Barlow’ is actually a columbine that has been specifically bred as a cut flower. With their double blooms, its blossoms resemble spiky pompoms and the dark plum (bordering on black) of the petals is perfectly offset by the brilliant yellow and green of the stigma and anthers. 4) Black Bat Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Tacca chantrieri HARDINESS RATING: H1B PLANT TYPE: perennial / houseplant SUNLIGHT: part shade This rare orchid earned its name because it apparently resembles a bat in flight, but it looks more like an extra-terrestrial creature if you ask me. Its black petals play host to a cluster of buds, while an abundance of drooping filaments shoot forth from its stamen. This plant is as creepy as it is compelling. 5) Black Bearded Iris BOTANICAL NAME: Iris ‘Black Dragon’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade This bearded lovely does genuinely appear to be truly black. However, pay special attention to its changing hues when the light catches it just so and you’ll notice it carries undertones of purple and green. It’s a real showstopper, especially when paired with contrasting white or pastel blooms. 6) Elephant Ear ‘Black Coral’ BOTANICAL NAME: Colocasia esculenta ‘Black Coral’ HARDINESS RATING: H1B PLANT TYPE: perennial / houseplant SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade Another variety of elephant ear, ‘Black Coral’ doesn’t have the attention-grabbing variegation of ‘African Mask’, but it does have the same floppy structure and velvety texture to its foliage. The leaves here are a more uniform dark purple, with the veins picked out in slightly lighter shades, and it will turn even darker the more sunlight it receives. It’s also slightly hardier making it a little less susceptible to colder conditions. 7) Elderberry ‘Black Beauty’ BOTANICAL NAME: Sambucus nigra ‘Black Beauty’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer FRUIT SEASON(S): autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade ‘Black Beauty’ is a dark-toned elderberry variety that is a feast for all the senses. Its black foliage contrasts pleasingly with the delicate white and pink flowers that burst forth each spring, while its lemony aroma will tantalise the nostrils in summer. By autumn, the tangy black berries it produces complete the effect. 8) Calla Lily ‘Black Forest’ BOTANICAL NAME: Zantedeschia ‘Schwarzwalder’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: houseplant / perennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade Forget the gateau, the gorgeously chocolatey leaves of the canna lily ‘Black Forest’ is the only sweet treat needed on any horticultural menu. This tropical stunner is prized just as much for its striking foliage as it is for its blood-red flowers, which fade to burnt orange as the summer wears on. 9) Black Haworthia BOTANICAL NAME: Haworthia coarctata HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: succulent / houseplant FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade Succulents are famously easy houseplants to care for and Haworthia is no exception – but the chunky, interconnected segments of its foliage certainly are exceptional. In April or May you can expect tiny florets of white to appear, adding even further intrigue to this fascinating little customer. 10) Black Hollyhock BOTANICAL NAME: Alcea rosea ‘Blacknight’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial / biennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun Hollyhock is often favoured for the stature it can bring to the rear of a border, but the variety ‘Blacknight’ is an even more dramatic backdrop. The black flowers can reach up to 10cm in diameter and unfurl from the base of the plant’s towering spikes upwards, mesmerising gardeners and pollinators alike. 11) Pepper ‘Black Pearl’ BOTANICAL NAME: Capsicum annuum ‘Black Pearl’ HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer FRUIT SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun While most capsicum (pepper) plants are cultivated specifically for their fruit, ‘Black Pearl’ is something of an outlier. The small pearl-like fruits, which start out black and mature to a ripe red, are technically edible, but are incredibly spicy.1 Instead, simply marvel at the glossy black foliage. 12) Coleus ‘Black Prince’ BOTANICAL NAME: Solenostemon ‘Black Prince’ HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: houseplant / perennial / sub-shrub FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade Not to be confused with the Echeveria of the same name, this dense, low-growing shrub is characterised by strikingly black leaves, the toothed edges of which are highlighted in lime green. That contrast is surprising in the natural world and provides year-round interest for any corner of the garden. 13) Black Scallop BOTANICAL NAME: Ajuga reptans Black Scallop HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full shade / full sun / part shade Sometimes known as Carpet Bugle, black scallop is adept at thriving in conditions where other plants falter, such as in the shade of trees or larger plants. For that reason, the creeping spread of its glossy black foliage is often favoured as ground cover in areas lacking lustre and life. As a fully-hardy perennial that can survive in pretty much any level of sunlight, this unfussy plant is ideal for adding low-maintenance darkness to any area of your garden. 14) Black Velvet Petunia BOTANICAL NAME: Petunia Black Velvet HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun This hybrid species has barely been around for a decade, which may make it more difficult to acquire. Having said that, its status as the world’s first black Petunia has contributed to its growing popularity in recent years, so you might still be able to enjoy its gothic charms and velvety texture in your garden.2 15) Ninebark ‘Diabolo’ BOTANICAL NAME: Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Monlo’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: shrub FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade This dense shrub is a great option for hedging or screening around the garden, and though its leaves are actually a rich purple in colour, they appear to be black from a distance. That dark canvas is the ideal counterpoint to the coral-coloured flowers that spring forth profusely during the growing season and the bright red berries which follow later in the year. 16) False Shamrock BOTANICAL NAME: Oxalis triangularis HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: houseplant / bulb FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: part shade The trio of triangular leaves which perch atop each stem of the false shamrock give it its moniker. In the wild, however, that foliage is light green in colour, but breeders have selectively cultivated strains of the plant to produce black leaves with purple highlights. 17) Fringe Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Loropetalum chinense HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: shrub FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade The spidery tassels or ‘fringes’ of the flower heads which dangle from the Chinese Loropetalum shrub are what give the plant its common name. While the blossoms are certainly eye-catching enough in their own right, their appeal is only enhanced by the purplish-black foliage behind them. 18) Coneflower ‘Green Wizard’ BOTANICAL NAME: Rudbeckia occidentalis ‘Green Wizard’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun Black-eyed Susan is perhaps the most famous rudbeckia cultivar, but despite its name, the ‘Green Wizard’ takes the black features of its counterpart to a whole other level. The large, cylinder flowerhead is a deep black in colour, flecked with spots of yellow at its apex, while the green sepals at its base can easily be mistaken for leaves. 19) Hibiscus ‘Midnight Marvel’ BOTANICAL NAME: Hibiscus ‘Midnight Marvel’ HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade The scarlet flowers of this hibiscus cultivar survive for just one day, but the blooming season outlasts that of many others of its genus. What’s more, each flower can reach up to 22cm in diameter, while the vibrancy of their colourings is accentuated by the black backdrop of the foliage behind them. 20) Black Willow BOTANICAL NAME: Salix gracilistyla ‘Melanostachys’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full sun Sometimes known as black pussy willow, this shrub features thick upright stems with eye-catching catkins of the darkest black, topped by a red tip. Their unusual appearance has made them popular as an ornamental flower at the rear of borders, next to fencing or in cut bouquets. 21) Sunflower ‘Moulin Rouge’ BOTANICAL NAME: Helianthus annuus ‘Moulin Rouge’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun Imagine if Baz Lurhmann teamed up with Tim Burton and the pair reworked Vincent Van Gogh’s famous sunflower masterpiece and you might come close to a visual representation of the ‘Moulin Rouge’ cultivar of the genus. The rusty black at the centre of the flower head softens to a reddish tint at their extremes for a truly unique effect. 22) Black Mondo BOTANICAL NAME: Ophiopogon planiscapus ‘Nigrescens’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer FRUIT SEASON(S): autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade ‘Nigrescens’ goes by many names – including ‘Ebony Knight’ and ‘Black Dragon’ – and all of them pertain to the unusual colouring of its leaves. The foliage is purplish-green in dark or shaded areas, but expose it to full sunlight and watch them turn a profound black. This perennial is perfect for rock gardens and raised beds. 23) Nemophila ‘Penny Black’ BOTANICAL NAME: Nemophila menziesii ‘Penny Black’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade The dark purple petals of this low-growing annual, which invariably come ringed in fives around their central stamen, look black even from close range, while the white edging at their tips adds to the effect further. Their trailing habit means they’ll look especially fetching when dangled over the side of a hanging basket. 24) Persian Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Fritillaria persica HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: perennial / bulb FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full sun The Persian lily is available in a wide array of colours, but the cultivar bearing dark plum (verging on black) blossoms is perhaps one of the most highly prized. It’s not difficult to see why, either; the cascading bell-shaped flowers dangle serenely from the spikes of the plant, bringing plenty of style and shock to their surroundings. 25) Tulip ‘Queen Of Night’ BOTANICAL NAME: Tulipa ‘Queen of Night’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulb / perennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full sun Although not a true black (think more maroon than obsidian), the ‘queen of night’ tulip is the darkest variety of this Dutch symbol there is. The single flower heads sit proudly atop the towering stems, while the lush greenery of the foliage and the dainty pale yellow of the anthers are pleasing contrasts to the ruby richness of the flowers. 26) ZZ Plant ‘Raven’ BOTANICAL NAME: Zamioculcas zamiifolia Raven HARDINESS RATING: H1B PLANT TYPE: houseplant / perennial SUNLIGHT: full shade / part shade ‘Raven’ is the only black variety of Zamioculcas zamiifolia in existence. The leaves may begin life green, but they’ll mature to a dusty black over time, taking on a shiny wax to their surface that makes the plant quite the sight to behold. 27) Rex Begonia BOTANICAL NAME: Begonia rex HARDINESS RATING: H1B PLANT TYPE: houseplant / perennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter SUNLIGHT: part shade The broad, heart-shaped leaves of rex begonia come in a wide variety of different colours, including black, pink and black or the quite incredible white and black variegated appearance above. Low-maintenance but high on impact, they’re the ideal addition to your home – inside or out. 28) Primrose ‘Silver Lace Black’ BOTANICAL NAME: Primula ‘Silver Lace Black’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: part shade Primroses are often regarded as the quintessential British cottage garden flower, but the ‘silver lace black’ cultivar shakes things up a little bit. Their dainty, daisy-like petals are a brownish-black, fringed at the edges in white, while the bright yellow stamen sets off the effect with no little panache. 29) Dahlia ‘Yellow Hammer’ BOTANICAL NAME: Dahlia ‘Yellow Hammer’ HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun Dwarf dahlias like ‘Yellow Hammer’ are compact creatures, meaning they’re a great choice for mixed borders and raised beds. The bright yellow blossoms of this cultivar are attractive enough to begin with, but the stark contrast of the bronzed black foliage really takes things up another level. 30) Aeonium ‘Zwartkop’ BOTANICAL NAME: Aeonium ‘Zwartkop’ HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: succulent / houseplant FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full sun These succulents can thrive outdoors as well as inside the home, as long as you live in a part of the country that receives enough sunshine. If they fail to get their quota of sun, the fleshy foliage will resemble a reddish-purple shade, but with enough UV, the leaves are fully black. References 1. Capsicum annuum “Black Pearl.” (n.d.). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved March 13, 2023, from https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=260123 2. Clarke, T. (2010, November 25). World’s first black flower created. Channel 4 News. Retrieved March 13, 2023, from https://www.channel4.com/news/worlds-first-black-flower-blooms
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These 45 Plants Flower In May - Here's What Flo Headlam's Growing In Her Garden
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Cornflower 2) Common Columbine 3) Amaryllis 4) Hollyhock 5) Mexican Fleabane 6) Meadow Clary 7) Bear’s Breech 8) Giant Onion 9) Garden Catmint 10) Chinese Dogwood 11) Lily ‘Star Gazer’ 12) Bluebell 13) Common Poppy 14) Large-Flowered Delphinium 15) White Waterlily 16) Flowering Grass 17) Shasta Daisy 18) Bearded Iris 19) New Zealand Satin Flower 20) Clematis ‘Apple Blossom’ 21) Bird Of Paradise 22) Garden Pansy 23) Chinese Wisteria 24) Pink Agapanthus 25) Wild Cherry 26) Sweet Pea 27) Common Yarrow 28) Jacob’s Ladder 29) Wood Avens 30) Yellow Corydalis 31) Common Solomon’s Seal 32) Arum Lily 33) Clematis ‘Lasurstern’ 34) Common Dog Violet 35) Purple Spiderwort 36) Common Lilac 37) Magnolia ‘Susan’ 38) Black Parsley 39) Blue Poppy 40) Mexican Mock Orange 41) Renard Geranium 42) Turban Lily 43) Narrow-Leaved Sundrops 44) Mediterranean Spurge 45) Rose ‘Canary Bird’ As the end of spring approaches, the chance of frost decreases and there are plenty of flowers that can finally bloom. “There is a wonderful freshness about the month of May in the garden,” shares Claudia de Yong, a Designer. “Everything appears new and presents us with a taste of what’s to come and I especially love all the fruit blossoms.” May is one of the best times of year for gardeners in the UK, as Garden Designer Flo Headlam shares: “At the moment there are some plants in my garden that are looking really well. “I’m growing a Deutzia pulchra and that is a bee magnet. I’ve got some Geum ‘Totally Tangerine’ that have been flowering for the past month and they are looking great. “My flag irises are also looking lovely right now. I’ve also got Spiraea japonica ‘Goldflame’ which is just stunning, with all the different pink, yellow and green shades that have appeared just before the flowers have come out. “My May garden is looking very fresh!” There are hundreds of other plants that will start to bloom, pollinators will be out in full force and the weather should allow for more time spent outdoors tending to and appreciating your garden. “Right now I’m growing a variety of flowers, vegetables and herbs,” shares Hannah Reid, a Professional Gardener. “The flowers are mainly edible including sunflowers, nasturtiums, calendula, marigolds and viola.” In this guide, we share fourty-five(!) of our favourite plants that are in bloom throughout the month of May. 1) Cornflower BOTANICAL NAME: Centaurea cyanus HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERS: blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Cornflowers are a popular garden flower and a great way to kick off this list. Bursting into a bright blue colour in May, cornflowers produce frilly flowers on the top of tall stems, that reach up to 1m in height, which tend to bloom until the first frosts in September. Plant your cornflowers in a position in full sun in wildflower displays or in your flower beds or borders. 2) Common Columbine BOTANICAL NAME: Aquilegia vulgaris HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: blue and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread A fully-hardy perennial, Aquilegia vulgaris, also known as common columbine, is a low-maintenance plant that bears trumpet-shaped flowers in shades of blue and purple from late spring into summer. This plant looks great in cottage garden planting schemes and can also be used for underplanting larger flowering shrubs or trees. 3) Amaryllis BOTANICAL NAME: Hippeastrum HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: perennial / bulb FLOWERS: varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Amaryllis is a bulbous perennial that bears beautiful flowers from winter that lasts until the end of May. Commonly grown as a houseplant here in the UK, these festive blooms that come in various shades can brighten up your home on the darker days of the year until the sun arrives. 4) Hollyhock BOTANICAL NAME: Alcea rosea HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: biennial FLOWERS: yellow, white, red, purple and pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread With funnel-shaped flowers that grow on stems up to 2.5m tall, hollyhock is a wonderful addition to traditional cottage garden displays or for use in a mixed border. As biennials, individual plants will only bloom for a year or two, but I think the colour that they provide from May into late summer is worth it. They also self-seed fairly freely. 5) Mexican Fleabane BOTANICAL NAME: Erigeron karvinskianus HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: pink, white and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Producing daisy-like flowers from as early as May, Mexican fleabane is a small, spreading perennial that is a great plant for ground cover and filling up the space in your garden beds. Not only that, but they will also provide a beautiful burst of pink, white and purple when they bloom. Grow Mexican fleabane in an exposed position in full sun. 6) Meadow Clary BOTANICAL NAME: Salvia pratensis HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: white, blue and pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With crinkled green leaves and unusually shaped flowers, Salvia pratensis, or meadow clary, is an easy-to-care-for perennial that produces blue or purple flowers from May onwards. Growing up to 1m tall, make sure meadow clary is positioned somewhere it will receive full sun and it will reward you with blooms all summer long. 7) Bear’s Breech BOTANICAL NAME: Acanthus mollis HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: white and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread A relatively unfussy plant, Acanthus mollis can be grown in most conditions and will look best in a mixed garden bed with other perennials. Its flowers are white and are concealed by purple bracts growing on erect racemes that can reach heights of up to 1.5m. 8) Giant Onion BOTANICAL NAME: Allium giganteum HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial / bulb FLOWERS: purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Allium giganteum, a variety commonly referred to as the giant onion, produces a rounded cluster of tiny purple flowers atop tall stems from May until August that are beloved by bees and other pollinators. The giant onion can be grown in flower borders or beds and its flowers can be cut to be used for displays inside your home, or leave the seed-heads to keep their unusual forms in your borders. 9) Garden Catmint BOTANICAL NAME: Nepeta × faassenii HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With flowers appearing from May that last well into autumn, garden catmint is a small, clump-forming perennial with a distinctive, pungent aroma. This small-growing plant will be a great addition to wildlife-friendly displays as it is a great plant for pollinators when in flower. It might also attract local felines so only place it in areas of your garden that you’re happy to be visited by cats. 10) Chinese Dogwood BOTANICAL NAME: Cornus kousa var. chinensis HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: tree / shrub FLOWERS: cream FLOWERING SEASON(S): late spring / summer SIZE: 4-8m in height, 4-8m spread Chinese dogwood, either grown as a shrub or a tree, is a unique plant that has orange and red foliage in the autumn months. More importantly, creamy-white flowers appear in late spring and should stick around until summer. This may-flowering shrub will look great at the back of borders with its distinctive shapes and can even be used for garden hedging. 11) Lily ‘Star Gazer’ BOTANICAL NAME: Lilium ‘Star Gazer’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulb FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Lots of lilies flower in May, but ‘Star Gazer’ showcases beautiful pink flowers, edged with white, that peel back to reveal brown spots in the middle of its petals. Overwintering pots in a greenhouse should bring forward flowering, to achieve May blooms. I think lilies look best in container displays, whether planted alone or as part of a lasagne bulb planting scheme. 12) Bluebell BOTANICAL NAME: Hyacinthoides non-scripta HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulb / perennial FLOWERS: white and blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0-0.1m spread Bluebells are popular in the UK as they are fully hardy and easy to grow and care for. Their beautiful blue flowers grow at the end of arching stems, creating the drooping effect that they are usually known for. Bluebells grow best in partial shade, making them great for planting underneath larger shrubs or in a shaded spot in your garden. 13) Common Poppy BOTANICAL NAME: Papaver rhoeas HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Papaver rhoeas, the common poppy, is another flower that is favoured here in the UK. Grown as an annual, this wildflower will flower as early as May (though often you may need to wait until mid-June) and looks best in a meadow display. It will thrive and flower best if planted in a spot that receives full sun. 14) Large-Flowered Delphinium BOTANICAL NAME: Delphinium grandiflorum HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: annual / perennial FLOWERS: blue, white and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Flowering from May until August, Delphinium grandiflorum is also a short-lived perennial suited to wildflower meadow planting. However, unlike the common poppy, this plant needs both full sun and a sheltered position. Make sure you meet these needs to ensure your delphinium starts flowering in May. 15) White Waterlily BOTANICAL NAME: Nymphaea alba HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: aquatic FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 1-1.5m spread Perhaps the most unusual option on this list, the white waterlily produces beautiful open blooms with yellow stamen at the centre from May through to August. This aquatic plant should be grown in water that does not get disturbed, or in a pot with a waterlogged, loam-based growing medium. 16) Flowering Grass BOTANICAL NAME: Freesia laxa HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0-0.1m spread Freesia laxa, also known as flowering grass, is a frost-tender perennial that produces peachy-coloured blooms at the start of summer, sometimes as early as May. This small perennial prefers an acidic growing medium and might need some additional care over the winter months. 17) Shasta Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Leucanthemum × superbum HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: yellow and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Leucanthemum × superbum, more commonly known as Shasta daisies, are perennials that are in bloom from May until the end of autumn. With white and yellow daisy-like flowers that grow on stems up to 1m high, these wildflowers and their long-lasting blooms are a great choice if you are after long-lasting blooms. Shasta daisies should be grown in a sheltered location and can look great in a flower bed or herbaceous border. 18) Bearded Iris BOTANICAL NAME: Iris germanica HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: various FLOWERING SEASON(S): late spring / early summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With blooms that last until the start of June, the bearded iris produces frilly flowers that are often bicoloured. These gorgeous perennials prefer a growing medium and should be positioned somewhere where they will receive plenty of sun, including on their rhizomes. 19) New Zealand Satin Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Libertia chilensis HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Producing clusters of white star-shaped flowers on woody stems at the end of spring, the New Zealand satin flower is a lovely perennial that is often used in gravel gardens. This frost-tender plant will need to be mulched over the winter months to protect it from the cold. 20) Clematis ‘Apple Blossom’ BOTANICAL NAME: Clematis ‘Apple Blossom’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: shrub / climber FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 4-8m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread Clematis ‘Apple Blossom’ is a great choice for garden hedging and natural screening and can also work well in flower borders if you have the space for such a tall feature. This floriferous shrub bears pale pink blossoms from May onwards and can also be trained against a wall or trellis if you’re looking for a decorative addition to your garden. 21) Bird Of Paradise BOTANICAL NAME: Strelitzia reginae HARDINESS RATING: H1B PLANT TYPE: perennial / houseplant FLOWERS: orange and blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread With stunning orange and blue flowers that resemble the shape of a bird’s head and beak, the bird of paradise plant is unlike any other. Its blooms appear from winter but can last until the end of May if the plant is cared for properly. Grow birds of paradise as houseplants or in a heated greenhouse where temperatures consistently remain above 10°C. 22) Garden Pansy BOTANICAL NAME: Viola × wittrockiana HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: annual FLOWERS: purple, yellow and blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Viola × wittrockiana, more commonly known as garden pansies, produce bicoloured flowers that come in various shades of yellow, blue and purple. These colourful flowers will complement and grow well with other May-flowering annuals on this list, such as poppies, to create a mixed annual display. 23) Chinese Wisteria BOTANICAL NAME: Wisteria sinensis HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub / climber FLOWERS: purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 12m in height, 8m spread I love wisterias, and this species is no exception. Producing cascading purple flowers from May to August, this large shrub can grow 10-12m in height with two-thirds of the spread – more than enough to cover the outside of a home or garden wall. Grow your Chinese wisteria at the back of a garden border against a fence, wall or trellis for a floriferous backdrop like no other. 24) Pink Agapanthus BOTANICAL NAME: Tulbaghia fragrans HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With star-shaped lilac flowers that provide a wonderful (distinct) aroma during flowering, pink agapanthus plants are a sweet addition to garden displays. As they are frost-tender plants, I’d recommend growing these dainty perennials in containers so they can be brought indoors during the colder months. Flowering starts in late May and can continue long into Autumn. 25) Wild Cherry BOTANICAL NAME: Prunus avium HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: tree FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 12m in height, 8m spread A large tree, wild cherry bears clusters of white flowers in May that are followed by plump red cherries that can be harvested in the autumn months. Once planted, this deciduous tree is easy to care for as long as it receives plenty of sunshine throughout the day. However, bear in mind before planting that this tree can grow over 10 metres in height and its roots are fairly shallow, so if you don’t have the space, this is definitely not the plant for you. 26) Sweet Pea BOTANICAL NAME: Lathyrus odoratus HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: annual / climber FLOWERS: purple and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Frost-tender annuals, sweet pea plants produce beautifully scented flowers on tall spikes that can reach up to 2m in height. Available in various shades of purple and red, this voracious grower will enthusiastically climb vertical trellis or fencing. To increase your chances of getting flowers in May, consider an early variety such as ‘Painted Lady’ and sow in the autumn. 27) Common Yarrow BOTANICAL NAME: Achillea millefolium HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: white, cream, yellow and pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Achillea millefolium, or yarrow, is a fully hardy perennial that, when grown in full sun, will produce an abundance of bright yellow or pink flowers from as early as May right through to the end of August. It tolerates dry soil and is a magnet for insects. 28) Jacob’s Ladder BOTANICAL NAME: Polemonium caeruleum HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With blue blooms that arrive in May, Jacob’s ladder is a fully-hardy perennial that is easy to care for once planted out. Growing up to 1m tall with half the spread, this bushy plant with cupped flowers will return year after year with minimal intervention. 29) Wood Avens BOTANICAL NAME: Geum urbanum HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Wood avens produce lovely yellow flowers in the late spring until the first frosts. The long-lasting blooms are also great for wildlife. Grow wood avens with other low-maintenance wildflowers for natural displays. “I would caution against planting this plant unless you have the space for it,” shares Master Horticulturist Peter Lickorish. “It is a good wildflower for shade, but it self-seeds prolifically and can quickly take over mixed borders. “It’s also a very tricky plant to dig up and remove, thanks to the strength of its roots. Pick its position wisely.” 30) Yellow Corydalis BOTANICAL NAME: Corydalis lutea HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Another yellow-flowering perennial, the creamy blooms from this corydalis plant can look right at home when planted in a rock or gravel garden. Corydalis lutea needs to be planted in a shaded site and will not flower well if grown in too much sun. It also goes under the name Fumaria. 31) Common Solomon’s Seal BOTANICAL NAME: Polygonatum multiflorum HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: white and green FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 01.-0.5m spread Common Solomon’s seal is an unusual perennial that produces flowers in spring that last until the end of May, or sometimes even longer. The flowers are tubular and white with green tips, growing from long arching stems that reach up to 1m tall. With large, crinkled leaves, this plant will look great in a foliage display or in a flowering border that is in need of some green ground cover. 32) Arum Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Calla aethiopica HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: perennial / aquatic FLOWERS: white and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With white spathes and yellow spadices that appear in late spring, this perennial can be grown in water or in a container full of a waterlogged clay or loam-based growing medium. Arum lilies need to be grown in a sheltered position and, if growing in a garden pond, has to be left somewhere where their roots are not disturbed. It is also widely sold under the name Zantedeschia aethiopica. 33) Clematis ‘Lasurstern’ BOTANICAL NAME: Clematis ‘Lasurstern’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: climber FLOWERS: cream, purple and blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Another purple flowering gem, C. ‘lasurstern’ is a climbing shrub that is an excellent choice for growing against a wall or trellis and can reach heights of up to 2.5m. Its star-shaped blooms appear from May and last well into the summer months. Like many clematis varieties, ‘Lasurstern’ is a relatively low-maintenance shrub once it is planted out in a suitable location. 34) Common Dog Violet BOTANICAL NAME: Viola riviniana HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Viola riviniana, or common dog violet, is a fully-hardy perennial with heart-shaped leaves and produces violet-coloured blooms from May onwards. With a preference for acidic soil, this versatile plant can be grown in full shade or full sun and is a great choice for filling in gaps in borders or beds. If it likes its spot, it will seed and spread. 35) Purple Spiderwort BOTANICAL NAME: Tradescantia pallida ‘Purpurea’ HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: houseplant / perennial FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Purple spiderwort is best known for its – you guessed it – purple evergreen foliage that provides visual interest all year round. However, it also bears tiny, bright pink flowers from May until September which stand out against the dark leaves. Often grown as a houseplant, I’d recommend planting this spiderwort variety in a container so it can be grown outside in the summer, then moved inside during colder months for winter protection. 36) Common Lilac BOTANICAL NAME: Syringa vulgaris HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FLOWERS: pink and blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 4-8m in height, 4-8m spread With clusters of tiny star-shaped pink or blue blooms that grow at the end of drooping stems, lilac is a deciduous shrub that can grow up to 8m. This shrub is favoured in traditional cottage gardens, but will only grow to its best if it is planted in soil with an alkaline pH. 37) Magnolia ‘Susan’ BOTANICAL NAME: Magnolia ‘Susan’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: tree / shrub FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 2-4m in height, 2-4m spread An impressive tree, Magnolia ‘Susan’ produces deep pink flowers in April and May. It forms a distinctive shape, with large leaves and smooth, pale bark. 38) Black Parsley BOTANICAL NAME: Melanoselinum decipiens HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread Black parsley is a May-flowering perennial that produces clusters of tiny pink flowers and would make a great addition to a more natural garden planting scheme. As a half-hardy perennial, I’d suggest keeping an eye on this plant over the winter months, and it definitely wouldn’t hurt to apply a thin layer of mulch before the first frosts kick in. 39) Blue Poppy BOTANICAL NAME: Meconopsis betonicifolia HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread This perennial is short-lived and is often treated as an annual here in the UK, but if you want lovely blue blooms from May into the summer months, few do this better than the blue poppy. Best grown in clay or loam soil with an acidic pH, this half-hardy plant grows best in partial shade in a sheltered location. It can be a challenge to get them to flower, but annual mulching with leaf mould can help. 40) Mexican Mock Orange BOTANICAL NAME: Philadelphus mexicanus HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: shrub FLOWERS: white and cream FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread Philadelphus mexicanus, or Mexican mock orange, produces aromatic clusters of creamy-white flowers from woody stems in May that last into the summer. This bushy shrub would look great at the back of a garden bed and can even be used as a small hedge for dividing up your garden displays. 41) Renard Geranium BOTANICAL NAME: Geranium renardii HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: white and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With white, star-shaped flowers that flaunt purple-coloured veins, the Renard geranium is a deciduous perennial that can bloom from May onwards. It grows to no more than 50cm in height and spread, making it a great choice for underplanting larger flowering shrubs and plants. 42) Turban Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Lilium pomponium HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial / bulb FLOWERS: orange and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The turban lily is a unique bulbous perennial that produces downward-facing red flowers with petals that peel back to reveal orange stamen. This is a rare lily, as it is notoriously difficult to grow, but if you have the time and patience, these blooms are sure to reward if and when they finally appear. 43) Narrow-Leaved Sundrops BOTANICAL NAME: Oenothera fruticosa HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Producing beautiful, bright yellow blooms from as early as May until September, Oenothera fruticosa, also known as narrow-leaved sundrops are hardy perennials that are beloved by pollinators here in the UK. Sundrops need to be grown somewhere in full sun where they will be sheltered from any harsh winds. With less shelter, they tend to bloom later, so May flowers are not always achievable. 44) Mediterranean Spurge BOTANICAL NAME: EUPHORBIA CHARACIAS HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: PERENNIAL FLOWERS: YELLOW / GREEN / RED FLOWERING SEASON(S): LATE SPRING SIZE: 1-1.5M HIGH, 1-1.5M SPREAD “Few perennials are as architectural as the Mediterranean spurge, with its blue-green leaves carried on elegant spikes throughout the year,” shares Peter. “Flowers start in mid-spring and continue into May, with a zingy yellow-green colour. “Red centres in the flowers can be picked up by planting red Camellias or peonies nearby, which will contrast delectably with the acid green of the spurge.” 45) Rose ‘Canary Bird’ BOTANICAL NAME: Rosa xanthina ‘Canary Bird’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FLOWERS: orange and pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1.5-2m in height, 1-3m spread To conclude this list, I’ve chosen a May-flowering classic – the rose. ‘Canary Bird’ is a large shrub rose, with creamy yellow flowers that can be relied upon to bloom in May, ahead of other roses. With a bushy habit, this rose can grow in many garden displays as long as it is planted in a sheltered location where it will get plenty of sun throughout the day.
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Don't Grow Your Onions Without These Companion Plants Argues Dan Ori
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Tomato 2) Spearmint 3) Common Marigold 4) Common Lettuce 5) Parsley 6) Bell Pepper 7) Rose ‘Yellow Meilove’ 8) Alpine Strawberry 9) Borage 10) Garden Nasturtium 11) Dill 12) Carrot 13) Bacon Weed 14) Melon ‘Emir’ 15) Spinach 16) Summer Savory 17) Kale 18) African Marigold 19) Common Beetroot 20) Common Sowthistle 21) Chamomile 22) Potato 23) Mountain Chrysanthemum 24) Parsnip 25) Ornamental Cabbage References Onions are a popular culinary delight and when grown in your garden, you’ll have the benefit of being able to harvest them whenever you like throughout the summer and autumn months. Onions have a strong aroma, and this means that they can be a great companion plant for many different crops and other plants in your garden. They are said to repel or confuse a range of different types of pests. “Before you get overly excited about the potential benefits of companion planting, it is important to highlight that most companion plants benefits or efficacy have not been subject to much or any peer review studies, so we can’t say with absolute certainty that this plant benefits that plant,” says Dan Ori, Master Horticulturist. “However, we can say that in this article the companion plants and benefits listed are most likely to be correct based on observations and applied theory.” Onions can be usefully placed: In mixed pots and planters. In annual vegetable beds over winter with other overwintering crops. Intermixed with other annual crops in kitchen garden beds in summer. In rows intercropped between another main crop. Around the edges of growing areas as a partial pest barrier. Perennial types in particular can also be very useful in fruit tree guilds, forest gardens and other perennial planting schemes. Ideally, annual onions should be part of a crop rotation scheme, so that they are not grown in the same areas over multiple years. So this should be considered along with companion planting when creating your planting plans. Due to crop rotation needs, it can be useful to think about growing onions alongside other alliums (such as garlic and leeks, for example). However, it is important to remember that pests and diseases can pass between them, so it is generally not a good idea to grow only alliums in a particular bed or growing area. In this guide, we share 25 different plants that make good companions for onions, from herbs to flowers to other vegetables – there is definitely an option for everyone. 1) Tomato BOTANICAL NAME: Solanum lycopersicum HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: fruit FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer FRUIT SEASON(S): summer Tomatoes are a great way to kick off this list. This deciduous fruit is one of the most popular kitchen staples here in the UK and is used in a range of different recipes and dishes. It is also frequently grown in gardens thanks to how easy they are to plant and care for once established. Not only are tomatoes a delight in their own right, but they are also great for planting next to onions, as the smell of your alliums can deter pests that might otherwise help themselves to your tomato plants, such as whitefly and moths. 2) Spearmint BOTANICAL NAME: mentha spicata HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: herb / perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Although mint has a reputation for not always being the best companion plant, it grows well with onions, as its scent can help repel onion flies and aphids that are sometimes attracted to different varieties of allium. Also, this full hardy herb produces small purple flowers in the summer that are great for attracting pollinators and other beneficial insects. Just be aware that spearmint can sometimes be considered invasive due to its spreading habit that can reach up to 1.5m wide, but this should not be an issue for your onions once they are established in your vegetable patch. You can always grow your mint in pots nearby if you’re worried about them spreading. 3) Common Marigold BOTANICAL NAME: calendula officinalis HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: annual / biennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn The first flower on this list, common marigolds are hardy annuals that bear stunning orange daisy-like flowers from May until October that will look great next to the fuzzy heads of your onion crops. Like spearmint, marigolds are great for pollinators and will help draw beneficial insects towards your alliums if planted close together. Marigolds are also loved by slugs, which you might think is a bad thing, but in reality, these slimy creatures will be too busy munching on their leaves to even notice your alliums. 4) Common Lettuce BOTANICAL NAME: lactuca sativa HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: vegetable FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Onions don’t take up much room in a vegetable patch, which is one of the reasons why they are so popular with UK home growers. If space is a key factor in your decision-making, lettuce might just be the ideal choice for you. Like allium, lettuce takes up most of its space underground, meaning it can be planted close to other root crops to utilise space and make more room for other plants you might wish to grow. This vegetable is relatively easy to grow, just make sure it receives plenty of sunshine throughout the day, as lettuce thrives in sun. 5) Parsley BOTANICAL NAME: petroselinum crispum HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: biennial / herb FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERS: green and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Onion flies are notorious pests that feast on alliums such as onions and garlic and can cause severe damage to these crops.1 Luckily, parsley is a fragrant herb that, if planted next to your onions, can deter these flies and keep them away from your vegetable patches. Parsley is a small biennial that grows well in most conditions and will also provide you with aromatic foliage that can be harvested and used in your kitchen. 6) Bell Pepper BOTANICAL NAME: capsicum annuum HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: fruit FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer FRUIT SEASON(S): summer / early autumn Aphids are another pesky pest that can feed on your crops and the bell pepper is one of its favourites. As mentioned previously, onions are good at deterring some insects like aphids, so can be planted around your bell peppers to act as a barrier of protection. This frost-tender fruit produces delicious yields and can grow well in similar conditions to onions, making it suitable for companion planting. Be wary that this plant will struggle to survive once colder temperatures start to move in over autumn. 7) Rose ‘Yellow Meilove’ BOTANICAL NAME: rosa ‘yellow meilove’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn You won’t find a garden flower that loves being planted next to onions as much as the garden rose. As well as deterring pests that can often affect the flowers of a rose plant, onions are also said to improve the aroma of their beautiful blooms and have been planted next to roses for this reason for years.2 I’ve highlighted one of my favourite varieties ‘yellow meilove’ here, but there are lots of unfussy, fully hardy roses for you to choose from that will grow well with onions. 8) Alpine Strawberry BOTANICAL NAME: fragaria vesca HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial / fruit FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring FRUIT SEASON(S): summer Strawberries are another popular fruit to grow with your onions, as they both thrive in the same conditions and will grow well together in a sheltered position in full sun. In fact, strawberry plants can help provide some shade for your onion’s roots, which like to be kept cool, and in return, your onions can deter fruit-loving pests from going near your berries. Alpine strawberries are a smaller variety and are great for cultivating in pots with some onions if you wish. 9) Borage BOTANICAL NAME: borago officinalis HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn A hardy plant that will keep onion flies away from your onions, borage is a wonderful companion plant for alliums. Its blue flowers that grow in clusters on long stems in the summer and autumn months look great amongst the tall, fluffy heads of onion plants and will both create a great display throughout the warmer months of the year. Borage is also a great plant to grow in your garden regardless of its ornamental benefits, as you can use the leaves to make organic fertilisers that can assist in your vegetable’s growth when applied. 10) Garden Nasturtium BOTANICAL NAME: tropaeolum majus HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: climber / annual / shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: yellow, red and orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn Nasturtiums are a great companion plant for many vegetables as they are brilliant at attracting aphids and other potential pests – keeping them from your prized crops. They can also be used as a trap plant in a vegetable patch, encouraging slugs and snails to munch on their foliage rather than that of your onions and other crops. A frost-tender annual, this shrub is easy to grow and will flower throughout the summer and autumn, providing some fiery colour wherever it is planted. 11) Dill BOTANICAL NAME: anethum graveolens HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: annual / herb FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Anethum graveolens, more commonly known as dill, is an annual herb that enjoys the benefits that being planted next to onions can bring, as it can attract aphids and other bugs which onions are great at getting rid of. However, dill can also help onions in return by means of pest control, as they are particularly good at fighting off red spider mites which can often plague alliums growing in the garden. Dill is also a wonderful herb, most often used in Mediterranean dishes, and can be harvested in spring and summertime for use in your kitchen.3 “Dill is a really nice plant,” says Garden Designer Ann-Marie Powell. “I love plants that grow so quickly you can almost see them growing in front of your eyes. “They sort of explode into these starry flowers that get caught in the wind so you can see them move as well.” 12) Carrot BOTANICAL NAME: daucus carota subsp. sativus HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: vegetable FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous One of my favourite vegetables to grow each year, carrots are fully hardy vegetables that are easy to cultivate, fun to harvest and a delight when eaten raw or cooked. Onions and carrots are a particularly effective combination, since the onions will not only help the carrots (by repelling or confusing carrot fly) – the carrots are also said to keep onion flies away. If planting together, just make sure both plants have enough space to grow underground freely so they can reach a desirable size. 13) Bacon Weed BOTANICAL NAME: chenopodium album HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: green FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn You might be wondering why I’ve selected a weed as one of my picks on this list, but hear me out. Although I wouldn’t recommend planting bacon weed from seed, as it is a prolific self-seeder as it is, if this weed is growing in your vegetable patch near your onions, there is no need to panic. In fact, bacon weed, also known as common goosefoot, can actually help to enrich the soil where alliums grow – provided its spread is kept under control. Bacon weed can even be harvested and eaten and is often used as a substitute for lettuce for those who don’t want to waste this weed. So next time you spot this weed growing near your onions, maybe think twice before getting rid of it completely. 14) Melon ‘Emir’ BOTANICAL NAME: cucumis melo ’emir’ HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: fruit / annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FRUIT SEASON(S): summer Melons are fruit-bearing annuals that adore onions for their fragrant aroma that helps to deter pests from their fruits. For the purpose of this list, I’ve chosen the cultivar ’emir’, which is a tasty cantaloupe cultivar that is actually best grown under some cover, like a cloche, polytunnel or in a heated greenhouse. They grow best in as much sunshine as possible, and onions are great for planting by their side as they are unlikely to get in the way of the warm rays this fruit needs to grow. 15) Spinach BOTANICAL NAME: spinacia oleracea HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: vegetable FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous As we have established, onions are a popular companion plant because their strong scent can help to fend off pests that might pose a problem for other fruit and vegetables – spinach being another of the plants that benefit. However, alliums are also great at bringing pollinators like ladybirds to your garden – beneficial garden predators that might feast on any pests that manage to work their way into your crops. Spinach is often plagued by pests, so planting onions, which also thrive in the same growing conditions as this leafy vegetable, is a great way to naturally repel any harmful bugs. 16) Summer Savory BOTANICAL NAME: satureja hortensis HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: annual / herb FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Planting summer savory near your onions is said to improve the taste of your crop by making them sweeter, so, if the taste is your priority, why not try planting this herb?4 Grown as an annual, summer savoury has its own culinary uses and is a popular substitute for salt and pepper or for use in a marinade or meat rub.5 This small herb needs a site in full sun but is otherwise unfussy and also produces dainty white flowers during the summer that will add some colour to your vegetable beds. 17) Kale BOTANICAL NAME: brassica oleracea HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: vegetable FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn Kale is a versatile vegetable and can be used in smoothies, salads and other culinary dishes – its luscious leaves can be harvested all year round.6 However, as a brassica, it is vulnerable to many pests such as caterpillars and aphids, which is why kale can benefit from the pungent scent of onions that can repel these hungry bugs. Just be aware that this vegetable prefers alkaline to neutral soil pH and will not grow well in anything acidic. 18) African Marigold BOTANICAL NAME: tagetes erecta HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: yellow, white and orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn One of the best plants for attracting pollinators, the African marigold can also bring beneficial insects like ladybirds to your nearby plants that will feast on any potential pests. African marigolds bear frilly flowers throughout the summer and autumn months, will look great amongst your onions and add a touch of fiery colour to your garden plot. These plants are easy to grow and only spread to about 50cm wide so they won’t take up too much room – leaving you with plenty of space to grow more vegetables! 19) Common Beetroot BOTANICAL NAME: beta vulgaris HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: annual / vegetable FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous Beetroots love the pest-repelling odour that nearby onions can provide and are another easy-to-grow vegetable that thrives in similar conditions as others already mentioned on this list. I love growing beetroots as part of my vegetable garden, as they grow quite quickly and their foliage also looks great, adding some leafy goodness to my plot. 20) Common Sowthistle BOTANICAL NAME: sonchus oleraceus HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: biennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Another weed, I know, but sow thistle is actually really useful to have growing in your vegetable patches near your onions for a couple of reasons – and will not usually become too much of a nuisance. Not only does it add nutrients to the soil it grows in like bacon weed, but this edible weed can also be harvested and used as a natural mulch, or, as it is commonly referred: ‘chopped and dropped’ onto the ground around your plants. So, before getting rid of these weeds entirely, consider how they could benefit your onions, whether that’s in the ground or as chopped-up mulch. 21) Chamomile BOTANICAL NAME: chamaemelum nobile HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: herb / perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: yellow and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer With daisy-like flowers and a small, compact size reaching no more than 50cm in height and spread, you might be shocked to learn that this little herb can actually do a lot for your onions and other vegetables. Chamomile’s anti-fungal properties help to prevent lots of vegetables from developing fungal issues such as root rot, rust and mildew, so keeping your onions close to this perennial herb is definitely a good idea.7 It’s also great at repelling some common pests, so planting onions and chamomile around other vegetables in this list can really help protect them from aphids, flies and mealybugs alike. 22) Potato BOTANICAL NAME: solanum tuberosum HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: vegetable FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: purple and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer Potatoes are a kitchen staple and make a great addition to any home grower’s garden. Growing them next to onions is a great way to produce as big a yield as possible, as alliums don’t take up much space and won’t harm your potatoes in any way. However, they do not like too much sun, so make sure they are placed in a shaded location or near tall crops that will protect them from the sun’s rays. “Onions and potatoes are quite hungry plants, so you don’t want too much competition with those two,” warns Gerald Stratford, Vegetable Expert. 23) Mountain Chrysanthemum BOTANICAL NAME: leucanthemum graminifolium HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer The final flower to appear on this list, the mountain chrysanthemum is a daisy-like variety that benefits from onion’s ability to deter aphids with its scent. All chrysanthemums are great pollinators and will reward your onion crops with lots of bees and butterflies that should speed up pollination and help the wildlife in your garden thrive. 24) Parsnip BOTANICAL NAME: pastinaca sativa HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: vegetables FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous A delicious vegetable that will pair nicely with your onions when growing in the ground and in the kitchen, parsnips are hardy plants that grow best in similar conditions to onions and the other veggies on this list. Like carrots, parsnips can often be damaged by carrot flies, so planting them near onions will help to keep them protected from these pests. Parsnips prefer acidic to neutral soil, so make sure the spot you choose to grow them in is not alkaline and you will be rewarded with yummy yields. 25) Ornamental Cabbage BOTANICAL NAME: brassica oleracea HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial / vegetable FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn FRUIT SEASON(S): autumn Most brassicas come from ornamental cabbage, so this delicious vegetable is definitely one you should consider for your vegetable garden. Unfortunately, like the other brassicas on this list, this plant is susceptible to pest damage and will enjoy the luxury of being planted next to pungent onions that will help to deter them. Cabbage is a low-maintenance veggie and will be easy to care for once established. References 1. Onion Maggot. (2016, October). Center for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://ag.umass.edu/vegetable/fact-sheets/onion-maggot 2. Garlic Guide. (n.d.). An Herb Society of America Guide. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.herbsociety.org/file_download/inline/f751abad-cc5c-414f-89a5-b9e6b012ea70 3. Cornish, R. (2022, September 20). Dill: Everything you need to know. Good Food. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.smh.com.au/goodfood/everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-dill-20220908-h268tf.html 4. Tirrell, R. (1971, March 7). Summer Savory. The New York Times. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://Cornish, R. (2022, September 20). Dill: Everything you need to know. Good Food. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.smh.com.au/goodfood/everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-dill-20220908-h268tf.html 5. Blue, N. (2023, January 30). What Is Savory: All About the Savory Herb and 4 Related Recipes. Recipes.net. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://recipes.net/articles/what-is-savory-herb-and-related-recipes/ 6. Kale. (2021, October 19). The Nutrition Source. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-features/kale/ 7. Chamomile – an overview. (n.d.). Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85542-6.00003-2
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30 Houseplants That Thrive In Direct Sunlight With Growing Advice From Jane Perrone
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Aeonium 2) Aloe Vera 3) Avocado 4) Basil 5) Bird Of Paradise 6) Croton 7) Crown Of Thorns 8) Desert Rose 9) Donkey’s Tail 10) Dragon Tree 11) Dwarf Umbrella Tree 12) Mexican Snow Ball 13) Fiddle-Leaf Fig 14) Cape Jasmine 15) Geranium 16) Golden Barrel Cactus 17) Hens And Chicks 18) Hibiscus 19) Jade Plant 20) Jasmine 21) Kalanchoe 22) Kumquat Tree 23) Chinese Money Tree 24) Moon Cactus 25) Nivosa Cactus 26) Papyrus 27) Ponytail Palm 28) Sago Palm 29) String Of Pearls 30) Yucca References When selecting houseplants to brighten up your home, aesthetics should only form part of your decision-making process. Another factor is the amount of natural light the space receives and which plants are capable of coping with those conditions. “In my experience, most houseplant issues are due to a lack of light,” shares Sarah Gerrard-Jones, The Plant Rescuer. “Get the lighting right and your plant stands a much better chance of survival. Just because we think a room looks bright, it doesn’t necessarily mean that it is providing your plant with lots of bright light. “Position your plants close enough to a window so that they can sense the light.” If you’re lucky enough to live in a particularly sunny location, you may find that many houseplants have wilted on you in the past. However, that doesn’t mean that all is lost, since there are plenty of varieties which do well in direct sunshine. “A lot of cacti and succulents will be happy in as much sun as you can give them indoors and they are fine if the air in a room is dry,” shares Jane Perrone, a Houseplant Expert. “A lot of them do need a cooler, drier period in winter, so be aware of that when the central heating is on in the cooler months. “The more light you can give them, the better.” Here are some of my personal favourites below: 1) Aeonium BOTANICAL NAME: Aeonium arboreum FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; any pH Not only does aeonium achieve the impressive feat of squeezing all five vowels into a seven-letter word, but it also, unusually for succulents, can exceed 90cm in height. “There are Aeonium that grow to 1m or more height and width and those that grow no more than 15-20cm,” shares Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “In the height of summer, they may close their rosettes and enter dormancy. “They will re-enter active growth in autumn but you can prevent dormancy by providing some shading on the hottest summer days. “Although drought tolerant, they may also enter dormancy if they dry out in summer.” The small yellow blooms are a nice touch, but it’s the rosettes of waxy, fleshy foliage that are the real draw here. 2) Aloe Vera BOTANICAL NAME: Aloe vera FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: green and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; any pH Natives of the desert, it’s no surprise that Aloe vera can’t get enough of that heat. Bring some of those sultry vibes into your home with this cheerful little plant, which can easily be propagated through the plentiful pups they produce. In my experience, while they can cope with direct sunlight for most of the year, you do need to watch them in summer as their leaves can begin to scorch in very strong sunlight. Move them into a more shaded spot if you start to find the fleshy leaves of your aloe turning red. 3) Avocado BOTANICAL NAME: Persea americana FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: green FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: loam; neutral pH Avocado plants are surprisingly easy to cultivate from a pit in a cup of water, as I found out to my delight during a lockdown project. While it would be quite optimistic to expect fruit from a homegrown variety, you will be able to coax lush vegetation from this pleasing houseplant with the minimum of fuss. 4) Basil BOTANICAL NAME: Ocimum basilicum FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: white and pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; any pH One edible plant that is far from just ornamental is basil. A highly versatile herb, it’s great for adding flavour and colour to salads, soups, pizzas, pasta sauces and more. It’ll also exude an intoxicating aroma in any environment, so make sure you have a plentiful supply on your kitchen windowsill. 5) Bird Of Paradise BOTANICAL NAME: Strelitzia FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: orange, blue and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; any pH One of the most spectacular plants on this list and indeed in the entire botanical kingdom, the bird of paradise plant is so named for the flowers which resemble the crest of its avian namesake. It won’t produce those famous flowers without sufficient sunlight, however, so find a south-facing window for this beauty. In the UK, you may need to wait a significant number of years for it to flower spontaneously. In fact, some wait many years only for it never to happen – but it is truly a sight to behold (and worth the wait!) when it does take place. 6) Croton BOTANICAL NAME: Codiaeum FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: loam; any pH This colourful sun-lover always puts me in mind of prehistoric climes such as those featured in Jurassic Park or similar films. The variegated patterns of its leaves, alongside the myriad of unusual colours which adorn them, make it a great option for adding intrigue to any sunny corner. 7) Crown Of Thorns BOTANICAL NAME: Euphorbia milii FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: yellow and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; any pH These succulents are so named for their sharp, spiny stems.1 Despite that, their real attractions lie in the tiny clusters of yellow blossoms which are almost invisible against the backdrop of blood-red bracts that last almost all year round. “Euphorbias really love as much sun as you can give them and are great for a sunny spot,” says Jane. 8) Desert Rose BOTANICAL NAME: Adenium obesum FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: pink, white and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; alkaline to neutral pH The desert rose is another succulent, which may come as a surprise to many people due to the fact that it has no spines or thorns and its leaves are not fleshy like many of its brethren. Instead, water is stored in the bulbous trunk, somewhat reminiscent of a bonsai tree, while the trumpet-shaped red blooms catch the eye. 9) Donkey’s Tail BOTANICAL NAME: Sedum morganianum FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; any pH Variously known as donkey’s tail, burro’s tail and horse’s tail depending on which part of the world you live in, this sedum has masses of fleshy leaves which swell with water and resemble a quadruped appendage. They can become quite weighty when full, so choose a sturdy pot to house them. 10) Dragon Tree BOTANICAL NAME: Dracaena marginata FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: white and green FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer FRUIT SEASON(S): autumn SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH Despite its fearsome name, this statement plant is more fashionable than formidable. However, it can reach an impressive height of over 2m if allowed to stretch its roots, so consider that when repotting. Other than keeping the soil moist and feeding it biannually, it’ll do well enough on its own. 11) Dwarf Umbrella Tree BOTANICAL NAME: Schefflera arboricola FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; any pH The dwarf variety of this Schefflera is perfect for placing in a sunny spot in your home to add some architectural interest and vibrant greenery to a room. While it will thrive in direct sunlight, too much of a good thing can turn its leaves brown, so keep an eye on its development. 12) Mexican Snow Ball BOTANICAL NAME: Echeveria albicans FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: pink and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; any pH This happy little succulent comes in a variety of shades, from green to grey to even blue and purple. For that reason, it’s become a hugely trendy hit on social media – and there’s no denying its aesthetic attributes, especially if it’s treated to adequate sunlight. 13) Fiddle-Leaf Fig BOTANICAL NAME: Ficus lyrata FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH The oversized leaves and tall stature (around 1.8m) are what immediately capture the attention of this attractive tree, but that’s nothing compared to the 20m height it can reach in the wild. It is more demanding than some other options on this list, but you’ll be pleasantly rewarded for your efforts. 14) Cape Jasmine BOTANICAL NAME: Gardenia jasminoides FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SOIL PREFERENCE: clay, loam, sand; acidic to neutral pH Despite its name, gardenia will do just fine indoors and, in fact, its subtropical origins mean that an interior setting is actually preferable in many parts of the UK. The large glossy leaves are complemented by stunning white blossoms, so it’s no surprise it’s increasingly popular with homeowners today. 15) Geranium BOTANICAL NAME: Pelargonium FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; alkaline to neutral pH Geraniums are available in a wide variety of colours, all of which bring vibrancy and joie de vivre to any location. That includes al fresco spots in the summer, so feel free to move your potted geraniums outside. 16) Golden Barrel Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Echinocactus grusonii FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; any pH Faintly resembling a spiky pin-cushion, the golden barrel is your quintessential cactus. That means it requires very little in the way of water, it doesn’t play nice when you accidentally touch it and yes, it will happily absorb all of the sunlight you can throw at it. 17) Hens And Chicks BOTANICAL NAME: Sempervivum soboliferum FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: green and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH This mat-forming succulent is so named for the ease with which it self-propagates; over the space of a couple of years, it can form colonies that spread over 50cm in length. The ‘hen’ is the main central rosette, while the multiple offspring (‘pups’) sprouting from its vicinity are the ‘chicks’. 18) Hibiscus BOTANICAL NAME: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; neutral to alkaline pH These tropical lovelies have some varieties with flower heads almost 25cm in diameter! While you might not be (and I personally haven’t been) able to lay your hands on a specimen of that size, whichever one you do manage to find will bring vibrancy, energy and a pleasant smell to your home. 19) Jade Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Crassula ovata FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: loam and sand; any pH In many Asian cultures, Jade plants are thought of as a sign of luck and prosperity, so fill your house with them to encourage financial success. Even if you don’t end up quids in, you’ll have a home full of beautiful and easy-to-maintain greenery. Jade plants range in size from smaller options all the way up to full-size trees. 20) Jasmine BOTANICAL NAME: Trachelospermum jasminoides FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; any pH Jasmine bears a striking resemblance to gardenia, but while the latter is a shrub, jasmine prefers to climb. Situate it near a trellis or other support structure and let it fill your room with its intoxicating perfume, but just make sure it has enough sunlight to keep it happy. 21) Kalanchoe BOTANICAL NAME: Kalanchoe blossfeldiana FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; any pH There are over 100 different species which fall under the kalanchoe umbrella, but only a handful of them are cultivated in the UK. Like most succulents, it is a little demanding, though it will appreciate full sun and indeed will not flower to its full potential without it. 22) Kumquat Tree BOTANICAL NAME: Citrus kumquat FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer FRUIT SEASON(S): summer / autumn SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH If you’re anything like me, you’ll associate the kumquat with exotic parts of the world and the warm climes they foster. While that’s true to an extent, kumquat trees are among the hardiest of citrus varieties, so you should be able to coax fruit from an indoor plant within a few years. A tangy treat with edible skin to boot!2 23) Chinese Money Tree BOTANICAL NAME: Pilea peperomioides FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: cream, green and pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk or sand; any pH Like the Jade plant, Chinese money trees are revered as capable of bringing fortune to a home if situated in a southeastern location. They boast attractive trunks and large, rounded leaves, which are prone to sunburn if exposed to the midday heat for too long, so keep an eye on your tree if you choose to grow this one. 24) Moon Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Gymnocalycium mihanovichii FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: pink, green white and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SOIL PREFERENCE: sand; any pH Moon cacti are invariably one of the most eye-catching specimens in any garden centre or plant nursery display. With their red globular domes set atop a chunky green spike, they’re a great conversation starter in your home. Interestingly, the two composite parts are actually separate species that have been grafted together to create a new one. 25) Nivosa Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Mammillaria nivosa FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SOIL PREFERENCE: sand; any pH Nivosa features heaped mounds with densely woolly axils and radial spines. This is a unique plant that will look great in any home. 26) Papyrus BOTANICAL NAME: Cyperus papyrus FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: brown FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer FRUIT SEASON(S): autumn SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH Associated with the first writing scrolls from Ancient Egypt, papyrus loves baking heat and plentiful sunshine. It’ll survive just fine in ambient house temperatures, bringing its lazy sophistication with it, but don’t expect indoor varieties to produce the same flowers as their outdoor counterparts can. 27) Ponytail Palm BOTANICAL NAME: Beaucarnea recurvata FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH Although not actually members of the palm family (they belong to the agave tribe and hail from Mexico), ponytail palms do behave in much the same way as their conventional namesakes. This means that as long as they’re treated to an abundance of direct sunlight, they can tolerate a fair amount of neglect in other areas. 28) Sago Palm BOTANICAL NAME: Cycas miquelii FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: brown and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: loam; acidic to neutral pH Another misnomer, the sago palm hails from the cycad family, not the palm one. Whatever its lineage, it looks like something right out of the Triassic period and will add oodles of character to your home. With its coconut-like bulb atop a chunky trunk and green, feathery foliage fanning out from the centre, it’s a real show-stopper. 29) String Of Pearls BOTANICAL NAME: Senecio rowleyanus FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: white and cream FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; neutral pH With cascading stems that teem with orb-shaped leaves, this trailing succulent looks magnificent in a sun-facing hanging basket. There are plenty of variations on the theme, too, including a string of dolphins and a string of bananas. As the names suggest, these feature differently shaped leaves but are every bit as attractive. 30) Yucca BOTANICAL NAME: Yucca FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: cream and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; any pH Everyone’s favourite starter plant, the yucca can attain spectacular heights in the wild, but indoor specimens will probably not exceed 90cm. It benefits most from the full sun but will tolerate partial shade, while its other demands are extremely modest – a fortnightly watering should be sufficient throughout the year. References 1. Sutton, C. (2019, April 20). Real story of Christ’s crown of thorns. News.com. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/the-real-story-of-jesus-christs-crown-of-thorns/news-story/ec56fd4a5016c533aabcc08e8bcdd72d 2. McCulloch, M. (2018b, July 2). What Are Kumquats Good for and How Do You Eat Them? Healthline. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/kumquat
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These Plants With Red Stems Make For A Captivating Garden Design Feature
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Purple Bergenia 2) Common Dogwood 3) American Pokeweed 4) Japanese Barberry 5) Christmas Berry ‘Red Robin’ 6) Purple Amaranth 7) Bromeliad 8) Elephant Bush 9) Winged Spindle 10) Bronze-Leaf Begonia 11) Mountain Pepper 12) Crimson Glory Vine 13) Coral Bark Willow 14) Bloody Stromanthe 15) Wings Of Fire 16) Castor Oil Plant 17) Virginia Creeper 18) Red Osier Dogwood 19) Sorbaria ‘Sem’ 20) Wineberry If you’re looking for plants that specifically bear red stems then this list should make for the ideal catalogue. Red branches can look great in garden displays, adding dramatic colour that can persist even through the winter months with some plants such as Dogwood. “A simple palette of vivid greens and strong reds, from flowers, berries and stems, can be a very powerful design feature and can even give a nod to Japanese gardens,” says Master Horticulturist Peter Lickorish. In this article, I share twenty of my favourite plants with red stems that can be grown here in the UK, as well as some tips on how and where you can plant them. 1) Purple Bergenia BOTANICAL NAME: Bergenia purpurascens HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The purple bergenia is the perfect way to kick off this list. The thick red stems from this perennial bear pink, trumpet-shaped flowers in the springtime that are adored by pollinators and should help attract bees and butterflies in masses to your garden displays. Once established, purple bergenias are easy to care for and can be used in lots of displays around your garden. 2) Common Dogwood BOTANICAL NAME: Cornus sanguinea HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread Dogwood is a hardy shrub that is known for its colourful foliage, and this common variety is no exception. This plant is particularly stunning over winter when the leaves have died back, revealing an abundance of fiery red branches and stems that make great shelter for lots of wildlife. Cornus sanguinea would make a bold choice for a low-maintenance, informal garden hedge. “The ‘Midwinter Fire’ cultivar is perhaps the best option for a warming display,” says Peter. “To get the best colour on stems, especially for larger cultivars in this species, prune to within 15cm of ground level every 2-3 years in mid spring.” 3) American Pokeweed BOTANICAL NAME: Phytolacca americana HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 2.5-4m in height, 1-1.5m spread With pinky-red stems that bear large, oval leaves and racemes of pink and white flowers in the summer and autumn, American pokeweed is a unique shrub that is great for UK gardens for a multitude of reasons. Not only is its foliage beautiful, but it also produces black berries in the autumn that hang from their own red stems, which are an ornamental statement in their own right. If grown in a sheltered location in a clay or loam-based growing medium, this plant would make a delightful addition to any garden. 4) Japanese Barberry BOTANICAL NAME: Berberis thunbergii HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread The Japanese Barberry is a small shrub which only grows up to 1.5m in height and spread, but it can still pack a punch in your garden displays. Its red woody stems are lined with small, rounded leaves that also turn red from around September before falling off and returning as green buds again in spring. A relatively low-maintenance shrub, grow Japanese barberry at the edges of your garden or plant multiple in a row to create a bushy hedge or screen. 5) Christmas Berry ‘Red Robin’ BOTANICAL NAME: Photinia × fraseri ‘Red Robin’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 2.5-4m in height, 2.5-4m spread A shrub known for its bright red leaves that turn green as they mature, the red stems of photinia ‘red robin’ are not the only burst of colour that this evergreen will provide if planted in your garden. Like the Japanese barberry, this shrub is also suitable for hedging, but ‘red robin’ can be slightly fussier and will require its soil to have an acidic to neutral pH. However, caring for this photinia variety is definitely worth it, as you will also be rewarded with creamy-white flowers that appear in the spring. 6) Purple Amaranth BOTANICAL NAME: Amaranthus paniculatus HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Amaranthus paniculatus, also known as the purple amaranth is a frost-tender annual that produces a flurry of purple flowers during summer and autumn that grow from arching red stems. When grown in a sheltered position that gets plenty of sunshine throughout the day, this floriferous plant can grow up to 2.5m tall. This plant is suited to traditional cottage garden displays but can also be planted in your flower borders or beds. 7) Bromeliad BOTANICAL NAME: Aechmea triticina HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: houseplant / perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn / winter SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Bromeliads are usually grown indoors in the UK and are popular because of their evergreen foliage and long-lasting flowers, which can sometimes bloom all year long. This particular variety is native to Brazil and is not commonly grown here in the UK. However, if you can get your hands on Aechmea triticina, its bright red flowers, stems and leaves are certain to brighten up your displays, regardless of whether you grow it as an annual outside or as a perennial houseplant. 8) Elephant Bush BOTANICAL NAME: Portulacaria afra HARDINESS RATING: H1B PLANT TYPE: shrub / succulent / houseplant FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread (IN NATIVE CONDITIONS) Another houseplant, Portulacaria afra, also known as the elephant bush, bears tiny, round green leaves from its thick red stems that have a waxy finish. Although this shrub can reach up to 2.5m tall with a slightly smaller spread, in the UK they tend to not get much bigger than 1m. Make sure that you do not overwater this plant, as it will prefer its loam or sand-based medium to be dry throughout most of the year. 9) Winged Spindle BOTANICAL NAME: Euonymus alatus HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread The winged spindle is a medium-sized shrub that has woody red stems, curled green and red leaves and yellowy-green flowers that appear in the spring. Not only that, but this low-maintenance plant also produces colourful berries in the autumn. This hardy shrub can be grown wherever you please, but I’d recommend planting it at the back of your garden borders or in an informal planting scheme. “I love to plant it near water to get double the impact, using its reflection,” adds Peter. “Make sure to give it the shelter it needs for the best autumn colour.” 10) Bronze-Leaf Begonia BOTANICAL NAME: Begonia x benariensi HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: annual / perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread A half-hardy evergreen that is usually grown as an annual in the UK, bronze-leaf begonia produces beautiful pink and red flowers from thick red stems throughout the summer months. With many varieties of begonia fashioning bright red stems, this cultivar stands out thanks to its H4 hardiness rating which means it can withstand cooler temperatures than that of its parent plant. I think begonias look great in container displays and would recommend planting them with other annuals or in their own stand-alone pot. 11) Mountain Pepper BOTANICAL NAME: Tasmannia lanceolata HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 2.5-4m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread A beautiful evergreen shrub, the mountain pepper is one of my favourite picks from this list. With bright red stems that produce an aroma that is similar to that of cinnamon that bear yellowy-pink, star-shaped clusters of slender flowers, it is easy to see why I think so highly of this shrub. Mountain pepper should be grown in acidic soil somewhere in the shade where it will also be sheltered from any harsh winds. It can be grown as a hedge or in a garden bed, but I’d recommend planting it in your garden borders near paths and doorways so you can enjoy its fragrant foliage as often as possible. 12) Crimson Glory Vine BOTANICAL NAME: Vitis coignetiae HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub / climber FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 12m in height, 2.5-4m spread Vitis coignetiae, or crimson glory vine, is a hardy climbing shrub that can reach up to a huge 12m in height. With bright red stems and large leaves that turn red in autumn, this climber is great for injecting a fiery flare into your displays. This otherwise unfussy plant needs an alkaline to neutral soil pH and a sheltered position, making it ideal for growing against a wall where it will also add some colour. 13) Coral Bark Willow BOTANICAL NAME: Salix alba ‘Chermesina’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: tree FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 12m in height, 8m spread Similar to dogwood in that it has bare, colourful branches in the winter months, coral bark willow is a medium-sized tree that has red and orange stems that will brighten up your garden over the darkest stretches. This tree is ideal for hedging but will also work brilliantly in wildlife-friendly gardens, acting as a wonderful shelter for small animals during the winter and a great place for birds to create their nests. “Hard prune this back to a trunk or near ground level every 2-3 years in early spring, for a fresh profusion of highly coloured stems,” shares Peter. 14) Bloody Stromanthe BOTANICAL NAME: Stromanthe sanguinea HARDINESS RATING: H1B PLANT TYPE: houseplant / perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread A houseplant with red stems that stand out against the variegated cream and green leaves, bloody stromanthe is a perennial that also produces lovely orange flowers throughout winter and spring. This evergreen needs to be grown in a slightly acidic, loam-based medium and placed in a location within your home that is kept out of any direct sunlight. 15) Wings Of Fire BOTANICAL NAME: Weigela florida ‘Wings of Fire’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread If you’re after a smaller plant that is sure to add some dramatic flare to your beds and borders, then ‘wings of fire’ might just be the one for you. This shrub only reaches 1.5m in height and spread but its red stems bear an abundance of red, orange and bronze leaves throughout the year that are sure to make up for its smaller size. As a relatively unfussy bush, plant this shrub wherever you please, but I think it will look great in shrubby borders with other foliage plants that are perhaps lacking in colour. 16) Castor Oil Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Ricinus communis HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: shrub / annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Another smaller shrub, the castor oil plant is an annual that produces unusual spiky seed pods after flowering that grow in clusters along the plant’s red stems. This frost-tender plant needs to be grown in a sheltered position in full sun, making it a great choice for potting up and placing against the walls of your home near windows and entrances. It is the perfect way to inject ruby tones to the green palette of a tropical garden. 17) Virginia Creeper BOTANICAL NAME: Parthenocissus quinquefolia HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub / climber FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 12m in height, 4-8m spread If you’re looking for a plant that is practically red all over, including its thin stems, then the Virginia creeper might just be for you. With slender leaves that turn a fiery red in autumn, the Virginia creeper, also known as American ivy, is easy to care for once established and will cope in harsh conditions or soils that are less than ideal. Grow this shrub against a wall or trellis at the back of your flowering beds or borders to add a colourful backdrop to your garden displays. Keep it trimmed regularly to prevent it from becoming too invasive however – this is a plant that grows fast and unruly! “I find that regular trimming produces slightly different red tones in autumn, depending on the age of each leaf, adding a textured appearance,” Peter adds. 18) Red Osier Dogwood BOTANICAL NAME: Cornus sericea HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 2.5-4m spread With white berries that appear in clusters from the red and brown stems in the autumn months, Cornus sericea, or red osier dogwood, is a medium-sized shrub with red stems that are left bare over winter. The second dogwood variety on this list, this fully hardy plant is slightly larger than the first, so if you are looking for a cultivar with more of a spreading habit, perhaps for hedging or natural screening, then this might be the better choice of the two. The cultivar ‘Cardinal’ is especially good for red stems. 19) Sorbaria ‘Sem’ BOTANICAL NAME: Sorbaria sorbifolia ‘Sem’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread Sorbaria sorbifolia ‘Sem’ is another shrub with thick red stems that produce colourful leaves that are often tinged with a red flush. The upright stems, which can reach up to 1.5m in height, bear clusters of white flowers that appear from spring. Grow this deciduous shrub in your flower borders and beds or in an informal, low-maintenance planting scheme. 20) Wineberry BOTANICAL NAME: Rubus phoenicolasius HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: climber / shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 2.5-4m spread To conclude this list, I’ve chosen a unique shrub that produces red, frilly flowers from equally fuzzy stems during the summer months. Wineberry is a low-maintenance climber that can spread up to 4m underground by its stems that only reach up to 2.5m tall. Over the winter, the bare stems still provide plenty of colourful interest where planted and can also be a great shelter for any wildlife that frequents your garden during the colder months of the year.
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These 14 Houseplants With Purple Leaves Make An Excellent Addition To Any Home
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Rose-Painted Calathea ‘Dottie’ 2) Echeveria ‘Purple Pearl’ 3) Oxalis ‘Iron Cross’ 4) Moses In The Cradle 5) Painted Nettle 6) Persian Shield 7) Sedum ‘Purple Emperor’ 8) Purple-Heart Spiderwort 9) Velvet Plant ‘Purple Passion’ 10) Purple Shamrock 11) Painted-Leaf Begonia 12) Split Rock ‘Royal Flush’ 13) Tiger Stripes 14) Jaw Plant References Houseplants are intended to brighten up a home, so what better way to do so than with these purple-leaved beauties? Purple is not necessarily a colour that occurs in nature with too much frequency, but when it does, you can be sure that the outcome is an eye-catching one. That’s why we’re following on from our list of outdoor purple-leaved plants with this catalogue of similarly coloured houseplants – for a superb, sure-fire way to liven up your home’s interior décor. Whether it’s foliage awash with the deepest shades of purple, variegated leaves that alternate between purple and green or more subtle tinges, fringes and flecks of purple on your plant, we’ve got you covered. Most of the options below are fairly easy to cultivate, but all of them are extremely easy on the eye. 1) Rose-Painted Calathea ‘Dottie’ BOTANICAL NAME: Goeppertia roseopicta ‘Dottie’ HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: purple and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade Native to Brazil, this broad-leaved prayer plant opens up its foliage to the heavens. The topmost side features starkly-veined dark green leaves with a vibrant pink centre, while their underside is a rich purple that’s more visible at night as they close in on themselves. Due to its tropical origins, ‘Dottie’ prefers bright but indirect sunlight, so choose a windowsill in an appropriate location; the darker the leaves, the more UV it will need. It needs constant moisture but hates saturated soil, so water it frequently but sparingly. 2) Echeveria ‘Purple Pearl’ BOTANICAL NAME: Echeveria ‘Purple Pearl’ HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun With its small but fleshy leaves and delicately purple tones, ‘Purple Pearl’ is an absolute treat to behold, especially in springtime, when the dainty coral-coloured blooms complement the rest of its visual palette. Like most succulents, it prefers full sun, can’t handle colder temperatures and will benefit most from soaking it thoroughly and then letting it dry out completely. “Echeveria will need full sun or it might start to etiolate (stretching to reach more light),” shares Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “You also might need to rotate the pot to achieve even growth. In full summer sun, the colours will darken substantially as a stress response and in winter it will become a greener hue as it enters its active growing phase.” Capable of reaching 30cm in height, it’s a breathtakingly beautiful yet compact houseplant to add to your collection. 3) Oxalis ‘Iron Cross’ BOTANICAL NAME: Oxalis tetraphylla ‘Iron Cross’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun The dark purple triangles at the centre of the four-leaved clover-like foliage give this perennial bulb its nickname since it resembles the Iron Cross of Prussia.1 From June to August, you can enjoy the additional appeal of its attractive flowers, which are either red or pink depending on the type of soil in which it’s grown. Another point in the plus column for the Iron Cross is its versatility. It’ll thrive just as well in full sun as it will in the shade and can adapt to most soil types. Its watering demands are entirely reasonable, making it an easy-to-care-for houseplant. 4) Moses In The Cradle BOTANICAL NAME: Tradescantia spathacea HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade A member of the Tradescantia family, Moses in the cradle is characterised by its lengthy lance-shaped leaves, which blend green, red and purple in a mesmerising mix. Devastatingly attractive yet diminutive, the plant rarely exceeds 30cm in height. Its growing demands are modest, though it does prefer stronger sunlight and a stable temperature if possible. It can flower at any time of the year, adding another string to its aesthetic bow. 5) Painted Nettle BOTANICAL NAME: Coleus scutellarioides HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun Painted nettles come in a virtually limitless number of varieties. Although it does bear flowers, it’s the foliage which is the real attraction here, as the velvety leaves are lovely to the touch, while the range of variegated colours and patterns make it a delight to behold too. For best results, place your painted nettles in direct sunlight, since their leaves will fade in colour if they are deprived of sunlight. Water evenly, prune regularly and ensure good aeration of the soil to keep your specimen healthy and happy. 6) Persian Shield BOTANICAL NAME: Strobilanthes dyeriana HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade The name of this exotic specimen is something of a misnomer; the leaves are perhaps more reminiscent of arrowheads than shields, while it originally hails from Myanmar, not Persia.2 Nonetheless, the purplish iridescence of its foliage is one of the most attractive qualities of any option on this list. In its youth, the Persian shield will maintain vibrancy and vitality in its leaves but expect this to soften and dull over the years. You can prolong its lustre as long as possible by giving it what it wants, namely plenty of sunshine, warmth and water. 7) Sedum ‘Purple Emperor’ BOTANICAL NAME: Sedum telephium ‘Purple Emperor’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun ‘Purple Emperor’ belongs to the sedum family, which is also known as stonecrops due to their ability to thrive in poor soils populated by pebbles and rocks. This particular specimen is one of the most eye-catching, boasting dark purple, almost black leaves topped by towering stems and small clusters of bright pink flowers. Purple emperors do just as well outdoors as inside, but in both situations, they’ll prefer sandy or rocky soil. You can water them more often in their first year to ensure they become fully established, but after that, they’ll require less frequent irrigation. 8) Purple-Heart Spiderwort BOTANICAL NAME: Tradescantia pallida HARDINESS RATING: H1C SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade Another member of the Tradescantia family, ‘Purple Heart’ is characterised by the deep burgundy shades of both its stems and its slender, cupped leaves. While it does produce uniquely attractive clusters of flowers in a range of pinky-purple colours, it’s the foliage that’s the main event. A drought-tolerant species, this plant will survive without too much in the way of maintenance. ‘Purple Heart’ is particularly notable for its profusion of leaves, which look especially attractive when cascading over the rim of a hanging basket. 9) Velvet Plant ‘Purple Passion’ BOTANICAL NAME: Gynura aurantiaca ‘Purple Passion’ HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: purple and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter SUNLIGHT: part shade For a more understated touch of purple, this vine plant is an excellent addition to any home. Its stems and the undersides of its leaves are a deep dark purple, while its bright green foliage is fringed by a purplish tinge and populated by soft, purple hairs. That velvety texture makes ‘Purple Passion’ a pleasure to touch as well as to observe, while its ease of cultivation means it’s ideal for novice or busy houseplant enthusiasts. Keep it well-watered (but not overwatered, since it’s highly prone to root rot) and it’ll remain happy enough. 10) Purple Shamrock BOTANICAL NAME: Oxalis triangularis HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERS: pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: part shade This exquisite perennial is a close relative of the aforementioned Iron cross and gains its name from the trio of triangular leaves which adorn each stem. Exceedingly dark in hue, its purple foliage is almost black in colour, making it a dramatic addition to your indoor display. Those dark tones are perfectly set off by its white or lavender blooms, which can appear at pretty much any time of the year. The purple shamrock’s leaves neatly fold up at night like an umbrella, but it’ll spring back with renewed vigour the following morning without fail. 11) Painted-Leaf Begonia BOTANICAL NAME: Begonia rex HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter SUNLIGHT: part shade Out of the many varieties of begonia, Rex begonia boasts perhaps the most impressive foliage of all. In fact, many growers simply pinch off the underwhelming flowers as they appear so as to redirect all energy towards the production of their stunning, oversized leaves in various shades of purple, red and silver. Rex begonia will survive without too much fuss on the owner’s part, but if you really want it to flourish so you can appreciate its beauty in all its glory, it’s advisable to put in the hard yards on care. That means using a porous compost, a shallow pot, regular fertilisation and constant moisture. 12) Split Rock ‘Royal Flush’ BOTANICAL NAME: Pleiospilos nelii ‘Royal Flush’ HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: part shade The ‘Royal Flush’ plant is more commonly known as split rock and it’s easy to see why. The foliage of this curious succulent is reminiscent of two sides of a small pebble that’s been cut in half, revealing a new pair of leaves with each passing year. Atop it all, a daisy-like flower appears in early spring, adding pink, yellow and white colours to the purplish palette below. The plant requires excellent drainage and ventilation alongside plentiful sun and sparse watering. 13) Tiger Stripes BOTANICAL NAME: Kalanchoe humilis HARDINESS RATING: H2 SUNLIGHT: full sun Another succulent, tiger stripes bear large, oval-shaped leaves characterised by swathes of purple in a tiger-striped pattern. It also enjoys purple-green blossoms in the height of summer, but these are small and less showy than its impressive foliage. Capable of reaching almost 1m in height, this kalanchoe’s only hard-and-fast demands are at least six hours of sunlight per day and constant warmth. It will benefit from regular watering during summer but can withstand forgetfulness and even neglect during winter. 14) Jaw Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Tradescantia fluminensis HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: part shade The Jaw Plant also belongs to the Tradescantia family and in the wild, it’s often considered invasive. However, those same fast-growing properties make it ideal as a trailing houseplant for a hanging basket inside your home, as its zebra-like leaves cascade over the sides of its container attractively. If left to its own devices, it can exceed 80cm in height, so you might want to prune it back to keep it in check. References 1. Begonia masoniana (Iron Cross Begonia). (n.d.). North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/begonia-masoniana/ 2. Strobilanthes dyerianus. (n.d.). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved March 17, 2023, from https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=292523&isprofile=0&basic=%25
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Coral, Peach And Apricot Flowers - Here Are 35 Ornate Orange Perennials To Grow This Year
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Blackberry Lily 2) Blanket Flower 3) Orange Ball Tree 4) Butterfly Weed 5) California Poppy 6) Canna Lily 7) Chrysanthemum 8) Shrubby Cinquefoil 9) Dahlia 10) Daylily 11) Gerbera Daisy 12) Avens 13) Giant Montbretia 14) Globe Flower 15) Golden Pea 16) Hawkweed 17) Helenium 18) Himalayan Spurge 19) Georgian Fleabane 20) Iris 21) Lantana 22) Ligularia 23) Monkey Flower 24) Orange Coneflower 25) Chinese Trumpet Vine 26) Peony 27) Persian Buttercup 28) Peruvian Lily 29) Rainbow Bitter Root 30) Rock Rose 31) Red-Hot Poker 32) Tulip 33) Wallflower 34) Welsh Poppy 35) Bird Of Paradise References Orange is a great choice for those who want to add some flair and flavour to their garden and perennials excel at creating a long-term outdoor display. Encompassing a range of colours from coral to peach to apricot, these orange-flowering plants will be just as enticing to winged pollinators as they are to green-fingered people. 1) Blackberry Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Iris domestica HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: clay or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The name here is somewhat misleading, since there are no black tones nor berries in sight, and the plant is not even a true lily! Instead, it belongs to the iris family – but don’t hold that against it. The delicate orange blossoms, speckled with delightful red spots, can last for several months and brighten up any space. 2) Blanket Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Gaillardia pulchella HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread From its bulbous dark-red stigma, the blanket flower gradually softens into orange and yellow at its tips. This makes for a supremely warm and autumnal sight for sore eyes that is every bit as enticing to butterflies as it is to humans. It’s hardy enough and overwinters well, so should thrive in most parts of the UK. 3) Orange Ball Tree BOTANICAL NAME: Buddleja globosa HARDINESS RATING: H5 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 4-8m in height, 4-8m spread This semi-evergreen shrub can reach a whopping 5m in height, so bear that in mind when selecting and planting it. The dark green leaves resemble snake tongues, while the globose rosettes of the orange flower heads are around 2cm in diameter and appear without fail in the early summer months. 4) Butterfly Weed BOTANICAL NAME: Asclepias tuberosa HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: clay, loam, sand; acidic or alkaline pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread A magnet for butterflies and honeybees, this attractive plant is considered an invasive weed and will spread rapidly if left unattended. Having said that, it’s not the worst problem in the world, since the dainty clusters of orange blossoms bobbing atop the vibrancy of its green foliage is a beautiful sight in its own right. 5) California Poppy BOTANICAL NAME: Eschscholzia californica HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: exposed / shelteredf SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The cupped blossoms of the California poppy seem to spring up overnight, carpeting the surrounding area in a wave of orange vitality. Although they grow very fast, their beauty is ephemeral; you’ll struggle to even put picked flowers in a vase before their blooms wilt away. “As mentioned, California poppies are not perennial in the UK and, although you can buy seeds, you are more likely to have them self-seed from neighbouring gardens,” shares Master Horticulturist Dan Ori. “Once established, they may or may not be a nice surprise as they pop up unexpectedly around your garden.” They will need to be grown as annuals in colder areas of the UK. 6) Canna Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Canna × generalis HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Offering an excellent burst of colour and very little in the way of upkeep, canna lilies are far hardier than their extravagant aesthetics might suggest. Both flowers and foliage will last for many months throughout the year and can be overwintered indoors to act as perennials, but if planted outdoors, they’ll typically grow as annuals. “Canna lilies are not perennial in the UK, but they do make a good houseplant if the room is not too dry, so I recommend trying to overwinter them,” says Dan. “It is common for cannas to be overwatered indoors during the winter, often because they are in pot covers that allow them to sit in water. “When growing indoors, other than not overwatering, my top advice would be to bring them indoors during early autumn and keep them out of cold drafts.” 7) Chrysanthemum BOTANICAL NAME: Chrysanthemum ‘Sicardo Orange’ HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERING SEASON(S): autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: loam; neutral pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Chrysanthemums are often associated with the colour red but are actually available in a variety of hues, including a brilliant orange that is guaranteed to add punch and pizzazz to any arrangement. They can reach up to 90cm in height and will do best if treated to frequent watering due to their shallow rooting habits. 8) Shrubby Cinquefoil BOTANICAL NAME: Potentilla fruticosa ‘Hopleys Orange’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread This gorgeous perennial bush is populated with an abundance of button-shaped blooms which last throughout the summer months. It’s a fast grower and can exceed 2m in height and spread if left to its own devices, while it’s also resistant to most types of pests and predators. 9) Dahlia BOTANICAL NAME: Dahlia ‘Orange Nugget’ HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: clay, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Reminiscent of the chrysanthemum, the dahlia boasts a fuller, more-rounded architecture to its rosette and dainty points at the tips of its petals. Of course, dahlias are available in a range of colours, but orange varieties can really spice up their surroundings. 10) Daylily BOTANICAL NAME: Hemerocallis fulva HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Another plant whose beauty is short and sweet, the day-long duration of the blooms gives ‘the daylily’ its name. Not to worry, however, since a single plant can produce hundreds upon hundreds of flowers across the season. Once established, they require very little in the way of upkeep indeed. “Daylily varieties are my go-to plants when I need an orange perennial,” explains Dan. “Their ability to harmonise in a border with so many other plants while still being showy is what makes them special to me.” 11) Gerbera Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Gerbera ‘Sweet Sunset’ HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Native to South Africa, Gerbera daisies prefer full sun and warmer temperatures, though hybrid varieties have been developed which can withstand colder climes. Their beautiful wheel-like flower heads should be pinched off as soon as they begin to wilt in order to prompt fresh growth and prolong the blooming season. 12) Avens BOTANICAL NAME: Geum ‘Totally Tangerine’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread A member of the rose family, geums are low-maintenance plants which often flower from spring all the way into autumn. Available with red, orange and yellow flowers, their growing habits (up to 50cm) makes them an ideal choice for the centre of a mixed border. 13) Giant Montbretia BOTANICAL NAME: Crocosmia masoniorum HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: partial shade EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread As the name suggests, these attractive plants can exceed 1m in height and as such, are better suited to the rear of your display. Their clusters of orangey-red flowers appear in late summer from July to August, but their swordlike foliage should provide attraction year-round. This plant can be invasive if left unattended. 14) Globe Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Trollius × cultorum ‘Orange Princess’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: clay or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Extremely versatile, globe flowers love moisture and therefore do best when situated next to a pond, stream or bog garden. Having said that, their buttercup-like blossoms will liven up any bed or border with minimum fuss, as long as you remember to keep them well hydrated. 15) Golden Pea BOTANICAL NAME: Lathyrus aureus HARDINESS RATING: H6 FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: clay, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Golden Peas belong to the Lathyrus family, some of which are cultivated for food production. However, home growers should simply marvel at the profusion of golden-orange flower heads which appear in early summer on each of its upright stems. 16) Hawkweed BOTANICAL NAME: Hieracium aurantiacum HARDINESS RATING: H5 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Hawkweed is notable for the architectural intrigue and bright orange colour of its blossoms, which appear between June and August each year. As the ‘weed’ part of its name suggests, it’s invasive and will spread out of control once established, so bear that in mind when choosing a location to plant it. 17) Helenium BOTANICAL NAME: Helenium ‘Sahin’s Early Flowerer’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Characterised by bulbous stamens and thin, daisy-like petals, heleniums grow to a reasonable height and are often favoured for providing background colour. 18) Himalayan Spurge BOTANICAL NAME: Euphorbia griffithii HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: partial shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: clay or loam; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Native to Bhutan, Tibet and regions of southern China, the Himalayan spurge has dark red stems supporting bright green leaves and red or orange blossoms in the early summertime.1 It’s fast-spreading and can sometimes be invasive. 19) Georgian Fleabane BOTANICAL NAME: Inula orientalis HARDINESS RATING: H6 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: sheltered / exposed SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With large disc-like blossoms reminiscent of an oversized common daisy, Inula orientalis hails from Asia and is fully hardy for cultivation in the UK. It’s a versatile little plant which will do well in almost all conditions, except waterlogged terrain with no sun exposure – but that’s the same for most perennials! 20) Iris BOTANICAL NAME: Iris ‘Orange Harvest’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; acidic to neutral pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With their 80cm stature and paper-like flowers, irises are fragile but fascinating additions to your garden. They’re generally quite low-maintenance creatures but don’t do well when starved of water, so take care to make sure their soil doesn’t dry out completely. Their flowers appear between May and July. 21) Lantana BOTANICAL NAME: Lantana camara HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread These vining plants look every bit as attractive when climbing up a trellis, tree branch or exterior wall as they do when trailing from a hanging basket. They come in a variety of different colours, from blue to white to orange, and will thrive if treated to well-draining soil and plenty of irrigation. They will need overwintering indoors to survive as perennials in the UK. “You may find Lantana hard to overwinter, which is why I regard it as an annual and sow new plants each year,” Dan says. 22) Ligularia BOTANICAL NAME: Ligularia dentata HARDINESS RATING: H6 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Almost as popular for their lush, lance-like foliage as they are for their yellow and orange blossoms, ligularias are often known as leopard plants for the combination of colours on their flower heads. Their Latin name comes from the word for tongue and derives from the shape of the petals emanating from the central disc.2 23) Monkey Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Mimulus aurantiacus HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Monkey flowers gained their common name due to the assertion that the petals on some varieties look like the face of our simian friends, but you might have to use your imagination a little bit to see the resemblance! Nonetheless, their fused petals and bright colours are supremely attractive, meaning they’ve spread far beyond their native Americas. Unfortunately they will not survive the winter period outdoors in the United Kingdom. “Mimulus aurantiacus is one to grow under winter-heated glass, so it is best not to regard it as an outdoor plant, although for some it is worth the work of moving large containers to have it outside in the summer,” says Dan. 24) Orange Coneflower BOTANICAL NAME: Echinacea ‘orange passion’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Orange coneflowers are among the most popular orange perennials in the UK and elsewhere. The yellowy-orange petals are arranged in a pleasing star-like formation around a dark central stamen, while the hairy texture is unique and soft to the touch. 25) Chinese Trumpet Vine BOTANICAL NAME: Campsis grandiflora HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 8-12m in height, 2.5-4m spread Originally hailing from the tropical climates of Paraguay and Brazil, the orange trumpet might be difficult to establish in the UK.3 If you succeed, however, you’ll be treated to fantastic evergreen vines populated by orange tubular blossoms in the wintertime, adding some much-needed life to your garden in the colder months. 26) Peony BOTANICAL NAME: Paeonia ‘Coral Charm’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: clay, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Another staple of the Great British gardening scene, peonies come in all types of shapes, colours and sizes. The orange-coloured specimen above is a personal favourite of mine and can change its tones as it matures, so keep an eye out for a mesmerising metamorphosis throughout its blooming season. 27) Persian Buttercup BOTANICAL NAME: Ranunculus asiaticus HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The flower heads of this beautiful perennial look like the paper-mâché creations that we used to knock together at school, though nature is a far better craftsman than I or my classmates ever were. Its preference for cooler climes makes it ideal for UK cultivation, as in hotter regions, the petals will simply wither and die. “Choose your varieties with care, as only a few Ranunculus are perennial in the UK,” warns Dan. 28) Peruvian Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Alstroemeria ‘Orange Glory’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread This bushy perennial can achieve almost 1m in height with a similar spread, so remember to give it plenty of elbow room when planting. Once flowering begins, you’ll be delighted with the range of lily-like flower heads which appear all over its body, the dark flecks offsetting the brilliance of its orange petals. 29) Rainbow Bitter Root BOTANICAL NAME: Lewisia cotyledon ‘rainbow’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: partial shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; acidic to neutral SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread This herbaceous evergreen perennial is often mistaken for a succulent, due to the waxiness of its leaves and its tolerance for drought. Despite the interesting foliage, it’s the star-shaped flowers which are the real attraction for the eye-catching array of pinks, reds, oranges and yellows which adorn them. 30) Rock Rose BOTANICAL NAME: Helianthemum ‘Coppernob’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; alkaline to neutral pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The deep orange of the tissue-paper petals on a rock rose plant looks particularly stunning set against the lush greenery of its foliage. It’s an excellent choice for beginners, given that it will survive in almost all conditions, including with very little water, but it does best in full sunlight. 31) Red-Hot Poker BOTANICAL NAME: Kniphofia uvaria HARDINESS RATING: H5 FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: loam or sand; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 1-1.5m spread There are few perennials more impressive than the torch lily, which gains its name from the changing colours of the flowers on the conical stem, which graduates from yellow nearer the base through apricot and coral up to a soft red at its apex. As such, it really does resemble a flaming torch. 32) Tulip BOTANICAL NAME: Tulipa ‘Orange Angélique’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: all soil types; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Tulips come in a wide variety of hues, but there are plenty of oranges cultivars to choose from. ‘William of Orange’, ‘Orange Queen’ and ‘Orange Angelique’ (pictured above) are just some of the options on offer. Whichever you choose, their mid-range height and soft coral tones make them ideal for the middle of a border. 33) Wallflower BOTANICAL NAME: Erysimum cheiri HARDINESS RATING: H5 FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; alkaline to neutral pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Native to southern Europe, the wallflower gains its name from the fact that it’s so adept at dealing with dry soil that it can even sprout from between the silty cracks in brickwork. Far from being bashful like their human namesakes, however, wallflowers are extremely hardy, yet still very pretty to look at. Their four-petalled flower heads come in blues, purples, reds, yellows and, of course, oranges. 34) Welsh Poppy BOTANICAL NAME: Papaver cambricum HARDINESS RATING: H6 FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: partial shade EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: clay, loam, sand; acidic to neutral pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread This softly orange poppy is a counterpart to the Californian variety mentioned above, though it differs in its preference for dark and damp locales. It’s often found in forested areas in the wild and under the shade of walls in captivity, but wherever it’s located, it will invariably attract pollinators by the bucketload. 35) Bird Of Paradise BOTANICAL NAME: Strelitzia reginae HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SUNLIGHT: full sun / partial shade EXPOSURE: sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Is it a bird? Is it a plane? Nope, just a dramatically attractive plant. Capable of growing to almost 2m in height, bird of paradise plants will need plenty of their own space and even more sunlight, though they must be grown exclusively indoors here in the UK. References 1. Euphorbia wallichii – Wallich Spurge. (n.d.). Flowers of India. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Wallich%20Spurge.html 2. A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin. (n.d.). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=lingua 3. Campsis radicans. (n.d.-b). Missouri Botanical Gardens. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b840
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