Growing
From Dog Hobble To Spring Snowflake - 35 Bell-Shaped Flowers You Might Not Recognise
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Trumpet Vine 2) Coral Bells 3) Lantern Tree 4) Daffodil 5) Morning Glory 6) Grape Hyacinth 7) Mountain Laurel 8) Lily Of The Valley 9) Bells Of Ireland 10) Peach-Leaved Bellflower 11) Persian Lily 12) Mini Angel’s Trumpet 13) Bellflower Beardtongue 14) Bluebells 15) Cowberry 16) Allium Tripedale 17) Foxglove 18) Dog Hobble 19) Common Morning Glory 20) Desert Rose 21) Trumpet Honeysuckle 22) Canterbury Bells 23) Bog Laurel 24) Spanish Bluebell 25) Small-Leaved Fuchsia 26) Balloon Flower 27) Spring Snowflake 28) Giant Bellflower 29) Penstemon ‘Windsor Red’ 30) Austrian Clematis 31) Digitalis ‘Temple Bells’ 32) Lily ‘Casa Blanca’ 33) Twin Flower 34) Snake’s Head Fritillary 35) Columbine References Bell-shaped flowers are beloved by pollinators and can provide beautiful interest to your garden displays. In this guide, I’ll share 35 of the best plants that produce bell-shaped blooms throughout all seasons – so you can find a variety that is best suited to you and your garden, no matter the time of year. 1) Trumpet Vine BOTANICAL NAME: Campsis radicans COMMON NAME(S): trumpet vine / trumpet climber HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: climber / shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: red and orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn This climbing deciduous shrub is a great way to kick off this list. Producing beautiful bell-shaped flowers in shades of orange and red in the summer and autumn, this plant can grow up to 12m in height. Trumpet vine looks great when grown at the back of a garden bed against a wall or trellis. “It is best grown against a south-facing wall to capture the most warmth and sun possible,” shares Roy Nicol, a Master Horticulturist. “This is also when it will flower at its best and have protection from the coldest winter weather.” 2) Coral Bells BOTANICAL NAME: Heuchera sanguinea COMMON NAME(S): coral bells / fairy flower HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Coral bells are popular in UK gardens and produce small red flowers from thick stems throughout the summer. Although they prefer a neutral soil pH, they are relatively unfussy plants and can grow in most locations. “They grow best in a partial shade position which doesn’t dry out too much, although darker leaved varieties will grow in sunnier positions, where their colours are enhanced,” says Roy. These easy-to-grow perennials look great when planted next to hostas or ferns, providing a colourful burst of colour against their understated foliage. 3) Lantern Tree BOTANICAL NAME: Crinodendron hookerianum COMMON NAME(S): Chilean lantern tree / lantern tree HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer The Chilean lantern tree is actually a large shrub that has suffered a decline in popularity in UK gardens due to the fact it can grow up to a whopping 8m in height. However, if you have the space, I would definitely recommend growing this evergreen delight. This unusual plant bears red, neat-looking, bell-shaped flowers that grow in clusters that hang individually on long stems. Try growing Crinodendron hookerianum as a hedge or at the back of a garden for privacy. It has a preference for moist, acidic soils and would need some protection in the coldest winters. This plant holds the RHS Award of Garden Merit, meaning it has been shown to grow reliably in gardens. 4) Daffodil BOTANICAL NAME: Narcissus pseudonarcissus COMMON NAME(S): wild daffodil / bell rose / averill HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulb FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: yellow, orange and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring Daffodils are a cottage garden classic, and with their orange, bell-shaped centres and yellow, star-shaped outer petals, it’s easy to see why. Not only do they look great, but daffodils are also super easy to grow and are a great place to start if you are new to gardening. “Wild daffodils also self-seed freely over time, so it’s best not to deadhead these plants as you would with other daffodils if you’d like them to spread,” adds Roy. 5) Morning Glory BOTANICAL NAME: Ipomoea tricolor COMMON NAME(S): morning glory HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: annual / climber / shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: purple, blue and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Ipomoea tricolor, also known as morning glory, is a deciduous climber that is most commonly grown as an annual in the UK, as it is frost-tender and cannot survive winters outside. This shrub produces blue bell-shaped flowers that are streaked with white at the centre, on long stems that grow alongside green heart-shaped leaves. Morning glory can grow up to 4m in height, making it perfect for the back of a border or for growing against a trellis. I also think it looks great when staked and grown in a pot, which is the best chance you have of keeping it in flower for longer, as you can move it inside on colder days. 6) Grape Hyacinth BOTANICAL NAME: Muscari COMMON NAME(S): common grape hyacinth / grape flower HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulb FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: blue, white and black FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring Producing tiny, blue bell-flowers in clusters at the top of long, thick stems, the grape hyacinth famously gained its name for producing flowers that resemble the fruit of grapes. Another popular choice for the English cottage garden, this beloved deciduous bulb sprouts from the ground in autumn and its arching green leaves provide interest over the winter months before the flowers emerge in spring. Some varieties of Muscari will readily self-seed around the garden, so if you prefer to keep them contained, remember to deadhead the flowers to prevent the seed from spreading. 7) Mountain Laurel BOTANICAL NAME: Kalmia latifolia COMMON NAME(S): mountain laurel HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer This medium-sized evergreen shrub produces clusters of pink bell-shaped flowers that stand out against the plant’s dark green foliage. A relatively unfussy plant, Kalmia latifolia is popular with UK gardeners due to the fact that it requires little care once planted out. Mountain laurel would work great for hedging or at the back of a border if grown somewhere where the soil is slightly acidic. 8) Lily Of The Valley BOTANICAL NAME: Convallaria majalis COMMON NAME(S): lily of the valley / conval lily / lady’s tears HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring The lily of the valley plant is popular in British gardens but is more commonly found in woodland areas. This fragrant flower produces small, white bell-shaped flowers in the summer that hang like lanterns from the tall stem they grow from – a beautiful addition to any garden. 9) Bells Of Ireland BOTANICAL NAME: Moluccella laevis COMMON NAME(S): bells of Ireland / Irish bell flower HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: white and green FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer This unique plant has lots of green bells adorning its tall stems that produce white flowers in the summer months. Not only does Moluccella laevis provide interest when planted in garden displays, it also has aromatic qualities and should be grown somewhere where you can enjoy the beautiful aroma it produces when flowering. This hardy plant, which is often grown as an annual in the UK, also looks great as a cut flower and can be added to many beautiful bouquets.1 10) Peach-Leaved Bellflower BOTANICAL NAME: Campanula persicifolia COMMON NAME(S): peach-leaved bellflower / fairy bells HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: blue and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer A popular upright perennial that produces blue bell-shaped flowers from tall green stems, the peach-leaved bellflower makes a lovely addition to any garden. With lots of campanula varieties to choose from, this is one of my favourites, as its purply-blue petals always look beautiful wherever they are grown. This plant prefers alkaline soil and would be great in a mixed perennial bed where you want foliage that lasts from season to season. 11) Persian Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Fritillaria arabica COMMON NAME(S): Persian lily HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: perennial bulb FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: green / brown / purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring Producing beautiful dark flowers along a thick, upright stem in the springtime, the Persian lily is a great choice if you want something a little more dramatic. It requires little maintenance once planted outdoors as long as it receives full sun and can even be grown as a houseplant for those who want to add an exotic flare to their homes. Keep an eye on its green leaves for another treat; they are sometimes tinged with stunning silver in the warmer months. 12) Mini Angel’s Trumpet BOTANICAL NAME: Eriolarynx australis COMMON NAME(S): mini angel’s trumpet HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: shrub / tree FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERS: blue and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Eriolarynx australis is a half-hardy tree or shrub that produces small lavender bell-shaped flowers and ruffled green leaves that can be evergreen if grown in a greenhouse or another warmer location. Native to South America, this plant is a great choice for pollinators, producing a gorgeous aroma that is more noticeable in the evenings as the pollen is released.2 13) Bellflower Beardtongue BOTANICAL NAME: Penstemon campanulatus COMMON NAME(S): bellflower beardtongue HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERS: purple, red and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Another great pollinator, with its flowers attracting bees, butterflies and even hummingbirds, the bellflower beardtongue is a great choice for those wanting to create a wildlife garden. This beautiful perennial produces stunning flowers in shades of deep purple to creamy white and would look great in a mixed border with other perennial flowers – or in a rock garden to add a touch of colour. 14) Bluebells BOTANICAL NAME: Hyacinthoides non-scripta COMMON NAME(S): bluebell / bell bottle HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulbs FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: blue and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring Bluebells are a cottage garden classic and are often seen in woodland areas growing in the shaded spots underneath trees. As their name suggests, they produce dainty bell-shaped blue flowers on upright stems that often droop at the top, creating a whimsical arching effect. Before growing bluebells, it’s important to note that these are prolific self-seeders, so if you don’t want your garden to be overrun by these bulbous plants, then it might be a good idea to opt for another on this list. 15) Cowberry BOTANICAL NAME: Vaccinium vitis-idaea COMMON NAME(S): cowberry HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: fruit / shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer This beautiful white-flowering shrub has a creeping habit and can reach a spread of up to 1.5m, producing small, dark green foliage that has a waxy finish. After flowering, you can enjoy the round, glossy red fruits that the cowberry produces. These are edible, however, they are rarely consumed here in the UK, but if you’re feeling bold, you can add them to jellies, jam or other preserves. 16) Allium Tripedale BOTANICAL NAME: Allium tripedale COMMON NAME(S): Allium tripedale HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: bulb FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer With thick stems growing as tall as 1m, Allium tripedale is a unique-looking plant that has fragrant leaves that have a garlicky aroma. The flowers are beautiful, with white petals that are streaked with a pale pink growing in clusters at the top of the tall stems throughout the summer months. 17) Foxglove BOTANICAL NAME: Digitalis purpurea COMMON NAME(S): common foxglove / bloody bells HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Foxgloves are one of the most obvious choices that come to mind when thinking about plants with bell-shaped flowers. They look great in natural planting schemes or as part of a most sophisticated cottage garden theme but will need replacing each year as they tend to only live for a short-period. Despite this, I think their beautiful purple flowers that grow on tall stems are definitely worth the effort and added time. 18) Dog Hobble BOTANICAL NAME: Leucothoe fontanesiana COMMON NAME(S): dog hobble HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub / drooping laurel FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring Dog hobble is a stunning evergreen shrub that produces arching branches that are decorated with an abundance of small, white bell-shaped flowers throughout spring. This plant can look great growing at the back of a border and can even be used for hedging or garden screening. 19) Common Morning Glory BOTANICAL NAME: Ipomea purpurea COMMON NAME(S): common morning glory HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: annual / climber / shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: blue, purple, red and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn The morning glory plant is such a delight that I couldn’t resist sharing another variety on this list. Ipomea purpurea mainly produces – you guessed it – purple flowers, but it can also come in shades of blue, red and white, which can be paired together to make a beautiful display throughout the summer and autumn months. 20) Desert Rose BOTANICAL NAME: Adenium obesum COMMON NAME(S): desert rose HARDINESS RATING: H1A PLANT TYPE: cacti / succulent FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: red, pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer The flowers of the desert rose plant are truly a sight to behold. Creamy bell-shaped flowers that are striped with shades of pink and red growing from thick, woody branches appear throughout the summer months. Due to its hardiness, this plant, which is technically a succulent, is most commonly grown as a houseplant in the UK and cannot survive even a hint of cold if planted outdoors. So, if you’re looking for a unique bell-shaped cactus to grow in your home, this is definitely a bold choice. 21) Trumpet Honeysuckle BOTANICAL NAME: Lonicera sempervirens COMMON NAME(S): trumpet honeysuckle / coral honeysuckle HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: climber / shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: yellow / orange / red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn Honeysuckle is beloved by many gardeners and this bell-shaped variety is no exception. Producing fiery flowers in shades of red and yellow, this climbing shrub can reach up to 4m in height, making it a great choice for the back of a border. 22) Canterbury Bells BOTANICAL NAME: Campanula medium COMMON NAME(S): Canterbury bell HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: blue, pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Canterbury bells are often incorporated into cottage garden schemes and are known for their large bell-shaped flowers that usually appear in bright shades of purple, pink, blue and white. These beautiful flowers are mainly grown as annuals in the UK, but can also be planted as a biennial if placed in the right growing conditions – something that this plant is not too fussy about. 23) Bog Laurel BOTANICAL NAME: Kalmia polifolia COMMON NAME(S): bog kalmia / bog laurel HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: pink and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring Another variety of kalmia that has made it to the list, the bog laurel produces flowers that are slightly smaller and darker in colour than their mountain counterpart. Either way, it still has a beautiful presence, with its beautiful pink and purple blooms appearing in springtime to brighten up your displays. 24) Spanish Bluebell BOTANICAL NAME: Hyacinthoides hispanica COMMON NAME(S): Spanish bluebell / large bluebell HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulb FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: blue or pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring A shade-loving plant, this bulbous plant will grow in most conditions in the UK and is fully hardy, meaning it can withstand even the harshest of winter conditions. As mentioned above, bluebells can self-seed readily, so keep that in mind when adding the Spanish bluebell to your garden schemes. 25) Small-Leaved Fuchsia BOTANICAL NAME: Fuchsia microphylla COMMON NAME(S): small-leaved fuchsia HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERS: pink, red and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer Fuchsias produce unmistakable flowers with the sepals and petals often providing a contrast in colour, and the small-leaved fuchsia is no exception. As its name suggests, this shrub produces tiny green leaves that are sometimes tinged with red, but the flowers are also rather tiny, with deep pink sepals that peel away to reveal pink petals with white centres. These bell-shaped beauties would make a lovely addition to any garden display, whether you make use of their ornamental value by growing them in a garden bed, or opt for a more practical option and grow them as a hedge or a back-of-the-garden shrub. 26) Balloon Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Platycodon grandiflorus COMMON NAME(S): balloon flower HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn With large flowers that are often layered, the balloon flower is a member of the Bellflower family and can produce gorgeous blooms in its first year of planting. This herbaceous perennial is a unique plant that is suitable for growth in UK gardens, having received the RHS Award of Garden Merit. 27) Spring Snowflake BOTANICAL NAME: Leucojum vernum COMMON NAME(S): spring snowflake / Agnes flower HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: bulbs FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: green and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring Leucojum vernum, more commonly known as the spring snowflake, is a gorgeous spring-flowering bulb that produces dreamy white bell-shaped flowers that are tinged with lime green at their tips. The stems have an arching form and the thin leaves are dark green and have a glossy finish. These beautiful flowering plants would look great in a meadow scheme, a cottage garden, a border or in a rockery. 28) Giant Bellflower BOTANICAL NAME: Campanula macrantha COMMON NAME(S): giant bellflower HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: purple and blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer A fully hardy plant, the giant bellflower is easy to grow and care for, producing distinctive purply-blue bell-shaped flowers that can grow up to 5cm long during the summer months. The flowers grow on upright stems that can grow to over 1m and are beloved by pollinators – perfect for a wildlife-friendly garden. 29) Penstemon ‘Windsor Red’ BOTANICAL NAME: Penstemon ‘Windsor Red’ COMMON NAME(S): penstemon ‘windsor red’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn I couldn’t resist adding this beautiful penstemon cultivar to this list. ‘Windsor red’ is a semi-evergreen perennial that produces beautiful bright red flowers that are streaked with flecks of white on the inside of their petals. They are fairly unfussy plants and can make a great addition to various planting schemes and gardens. 30) Austrian Clematis BOTANICAL NAME: Clematis alpina COMMON NAME(S): Austrian clematis HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: climber / shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: blue and cream FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring The flowers from the Austrian clematis shrub stand out from any other on this list. They are made up of 4 frilly sepals that surround a creamy-green stamen to produce a bell-shaped effect. These fascinating flowers bloom in the springtime and grow from green or red drooping stems that also bear green rigid leaves. 31) Digitalis ‘Temple Bells’ BOTANICAL NAME: Digitalis ‘Temple Bells’ COMMON NAME(S): Digitalis ‘Temple Bells’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERS: yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring Digitalis ‘Temple Bells’ is a yellow-flowering variety of foxglove that makes a beautiful addition to any springtime perennial bed or woodland plant schemes. The bell-shaped flowers grow from thick green stems that can grow up to 1m in height. 32) Lily ‘Casa Blanca’ BOTANICAL NAME: Lilium ‘Casa Blanca’ COMMON NAME(S): lily ‘Casa Blanca’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulb FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer There are many varieties of lily that could be on this list, but the large, pure-white flowers that bloom in summer from the ‘Casa Blanca’ cultivar are too beautiful to resist. ‘Casa Blanca’ is fully hardy and relatively easy to grow as long as it is grown in a sheltered location in acidic soil. You could grow these plants in borders or beds, containers, or even use them in cut flower displays in your home. 33) Twin Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Linnaea borealis COMMON NAME(S): twin flower / cinnamon vine HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERS: pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer The twin flower is a small shrub with oval, glossy green leaves and pale pink drooping flowers that are produced in bells from V-shaped stems. Growing up to only 10cm in height with a 1m spread, this evergreen shrub is ideal for ground cover and would grow well for underplanting other flowers in a rock garden display. 34) Snake’s Head Fritillary BOTANICAL NAME: Fritillaria meleagris COMMON NAME(S): Snake’s Head Fritillary HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: bulb FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERS: pink and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring No doubt my favourite on the list, this stunning bulbous plant produces large pink and purple bell-shaped flowers that cover the petals in a checkerboard manner. The arching stems of Snake’s Head Fritillary, no doubt named after the scaly skin of snakes that mirror its flowers, are reminiscent of bluebells and would look great in a garden bed filled with other drooping bell-shaped flowers. Unfortunately, numbers of this fascinating plant have declined due to a decrease in the number of meadows here in the UK – but once planted, it is easy enough to grow, so there is no excuse for not incorporating Fritillaria meleagris into your planting schemes.3 35) Columbine BOTANICAL NAME: Aquilegia vulgaris COMMON NAME(S): common columbine / American bluebells HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deicduous FLOWERS: purple and blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer My final pick is another cottage garden classic. The American bluebell produces dainty flowers from thin stems throughout the spring and summer in various shades of purple and blue and is a great choice for garden borders or beds. A fully hardy perennial, columbine is relatively low-maintenance once planted and will provide a touch of colour to your planting schemes year after year if placed in the right location. References 1. Bells of Ireland. (n.d.). BBC Gardening. Retrieved March 22, 2023, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/plants/plant_finder/plant_pages/2813.shtml 2. Olorunshola, Y. (n.d.). Why do plants smell? Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. Retrieved March 22, 2023, from https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/why-do-plants-smell 3. Tatarenko, I. V., Walker, K., & Dyson, M. L. (2022). Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland: Fritillaria meleagris. Journal of Ecology, 110(7), 1704–1726. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13886
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Any Of These 25 Choices Can Be Grown Indoors As Flowering Houseplants
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Orchid 2) Madagascar Jasmine 3) Eternal Flame 4) Crown Of Thorns 5) Bird Of Paradise 6) Peace Lily 7) Wax Begonia 8) Lipstick Plant 9) Hoya 10) Cockscomb 11) Ixora 12) False Shamrock 13) Moth Orchid 14) African Violet 15) Anthurium 16) Chenille Plant 17) Christmas Cactus 18) Chinese Hibiscus 19) Persian Cyclamen 20) Guzmania 21) Clivia 22) Poinsettia 23) Flaming Katy 24) Bromeliad 25) Brazilian Fireworks References Houseplants can brighten up any home and are a popular choice for many first-time gardeners as they are usually easy to grow and care for. However, among the many choices, it is hard to know which houseplants will produce flowers in the UK, with many native to warmer climates. In this article, I’ll share twenty-five houseplants that will produce beautiful flowers in your home when grown in the UK. 1) Orchid BOTANICAL NAME: Dendrobium COMMON NAME(S): orchid HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SUNLIGHT: part shade Dendrobium is one of the largest genera in the Orchid family, with more than 1,600 species.1 They are an extremely popular houseplant here in the UK, and, with their often layered blooms coming in a hue variety of colours, it’s easy to see why. These beautiful flowers bloom in the colder months from tall stems that will need to be supported by a bamboo cane or something similar. 2) Madagascar Jasmine BOTANICAL NAME: Stephanotis floribunda COMMON NAME(S): Madagascar jasmine / bridal wreath HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun Stephanotis floribunda, more commonly referred to as Madagascar jasmine, is a tender evergreen that produces white flowers that bloom from spring all the way through to late autumn. These flowers are tube-shaped and highly fragrant and can produce green fruit after flowering at the end of September. However, when grown in the UK, even indoors, this is highly unlikely, and the beautiful blooms and dark green, glossy leaves will have to suffice. 3) Eternal Flame BOTANICAL NAME: Goeppertia crocata ‘tassmania’ COMMON NAME(S): eternal flame / saffron-coloured calathea ‘tassmania’ HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade Eternal Flame houseplants are mainly known for their large, wavy, oval leaves that are green on the top and purple underneath, but this evergreen plant also produces star-shaped blooms from upright stems when grown correctly. Although the orange flowers usually appear in summer, they can bloom sporadically all year round. 4) Crown Of Thorns BOTANICAL NAME: Euphorbia milii COMMON NAME(S): crown of thorns / Christ plant HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: red and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun An evergreen shrub, Euphorbia milii, or crown of thorns, produces tiny flowers that are insignificant, but the red or yellow bracts that encase the blooms replicate those of an orchid flower. The oval leaves grow from thick stems that also bear lots of short grey thorns, giving the plant its common name. This plant is fairly easy to care for – and can grow up to 1m tall with half the spread. 5) Bird Of Paradise BOTANICAL NAME: Strelitzia reginae COMMON NAME(S): bird of paradise HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: blue and orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun The bird of paradise is a unique plant that, if you can get it to flower, is sure to impress anyone who steps into your home. Over the cooler months, it can produce blue and orange flowers that mirror that of a bird’s beak, but it can take up to 3-4 years for it to bloom – if it ever does. However, if you water and feed your plant regularly and make sure it is positioned correctly in your home with a high enough humidity, there is a chance that you could get to experience the beautiful flowers of the bird of paradise, which is an experience like no other. “This South African plant is a great high-impact plant for a conservatory or a very bright room,” shares Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “It will tolerate dry conditions when established but will thrive when kept well watered.” 6) Peace Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Spathiphyllum wallisii COMMON NAME(S): peace lily / white sails HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: part shade The peace lily is a commonly grown houseplant here in the UK, as it is relatively easy to grow and care for and requires little maintenance throughout the year. It produces stunning spathes that are pure white and encase creamy spadices growing from their tall green stems. The foliage is an added bonus; with large lance-shaped glossy leaves growing up and around the flowers that are in bloom during the spring and summer months. 7) Wax Begonia BOTANICAL NAME: Begonia Semperflorens Cultorum Group COMMON NAME(S): wax plant / wax begonia HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: pink, red and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: part / full shade Wax begonias produce beautiful blooms of single or double flowers in shades of pink, white and red in the summer and autumn months. Their waxy, round leaves are either bronze or green and might fall from the plant in the winter months as this deciduous perennial enters a period of dormancy. Grow wax begonias in a dark and humid spot inside your home, like a bathroom or a kitchen. 8) Lipstick Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Aeschynanthus radicans COMMON NAME(S): lipstick plant HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun With red, tubular flowers growing in clusters during the summer, the lipstick plant is a unique houseplant that can add a burst of colour to your home. The flowers, which emerge from unusual calyces that are browny-red in colour, can bloom for a longer period of time if the plant is happy and healthy and grown in the right conditions. This perennial will look brilliant if placed in a bright spot in your home, but make sure it is not left anywhere that could be draughty. 9) Hoya BOTANICAL NAME: Hoya carnosa COMMON NAME(S): wax plant / porcelain flower HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: pink, red and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun Hoya carnosa, more commonly known as the wax plant, bears beautiful star-shaped flowers that are layered in shades of white, pink and red and produce beautiful aromas that will leave your home smelling lovely and fresh. Unfortunately, their foliage is susceptible to a few mould-related problems, so will need to be monitored regularly. Although they can be fussy plants, if grown in the right conditions, their unique flowers and tumbling foliage could be a great choice for a hanging basket in a bright spot. 10) Cockscomb BOTANICAL NAME: Celosia argentea COMMON NAME(S): cockscomb HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: pink and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: full sun With bright pink or red bushy-looking flowers that grow on tall stems throughout spring and summer, cockscomb is a delight to grow indoors. This houseplant, which has seen a surge in popularity in the last few years, grows best in a bright location. Sadly, you can only enjoy the blooms for a maximum of 1-2 years depending on whether you grow cockscomb as an annual or biennial, so if you’re looking for a houseplant with longevity, this might not be the best choice for your home. 11) Ixora BOTANICAL NAME: Ixora coccinea COMMON NAME(S): burning love / flame flower HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun Ixora coccinea, or the flame flower, is an easy-to-grow houseplant when it is grown in a bright, warm location, making it a perfect choice for a windowsill. The red flowers grow in round clusters, producing big circular blooms that resemble the flowers of a geranium plant. These blooms flower from spring until autumn, which is another reason this plant is such a great option to consider. 12) False Shamrock BOTANICAL NAME: Oxalis triangularis COMMON NAME(S): purpleleaf false shamrock HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERS: purple and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade Although the false shamrock is commonly known for its clover-shaped purple leaves, it also produces lots of small white or pale purple star-shaped flowers in the summer. Oxalis triangularis is easy to care for, but you must make sure the plant receives enough bright, indirect light in order for it to produce an abundance of flowers. I have grown this as a houseplant and I must say its most attractive feature is its leaves, which open and close gracefully in response to sunlight – often moving themselves to face towards the light. 13) Moth Orchid BOTANICAL NAME: phalaenopsis COMMON NAME(S): moth orchid HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SUNLIGHT: part shade Moth orchids are extremely popular houseplants that produce exotic-looking blooms in a huge array of colours during the winter and spring months. Although they are generally easy to care for, moth orchids need to be grown in a bark or rocky-based orchid growing medium – while also requiring temperatures to stay above 16°C. Luckily enough, you can find orchid compost mixes at most garden centres in the UK and they can easily be sourced online. 14) African Violet BOTANICAL NAME: Saintpaulia ionantha COMMON NAME(S): African violet HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: part shade An evergreen delight, African violets produce stunning frilly flowers, mainly in pink, blue or purple shades, that last all year round. Yes, you heard that correctly. These beautiful blooms can add floriferous colour to your home throughout the year when grown correctly, which explains why this is such a popular plant for indoor growing. 15) Anthurium BOTANICAL NAME: Anthurium andraeanum COMMON NAME(S): flamingo flower / tail flower HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: pink, red and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun Believe it or not, there’s another houseplant that provides floral interest from spring right through to winter – and it’s a special one. Perhaps my favourite on the list, Anthurium andraeanum, also known as the flamingo flower, produces heart-shaped, glossy red, pink or yellow spathes with creamy-green spadices that remind me of lily pads but with more colour! Easy to grow and care for, you can find these beautiful evergreen perennials in supermarkets or garden centres all over the UK. 16) Chenille Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Echeveria leucotricha COMMON NAME(S): chenille plant / white-plush plant HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERS: orange and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun The chenille plant is a succulent that is most commonly grown for its waxy pale leaves that are covered in a layer of fine white hair. However, over the warmer months, it bears small orangey-red clusters of flowers that are bell-shaped and grow from thick stalks that emerge from the dense foliage. These flowers bring an exotic flare wherever they are grown, and would look great on a windowsill or in a display with other succulents or cacti. 17) Christmas Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Schlumbergera truncata COMMON NAME(S): common winter cactus / Christmas cactus HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: pink, purple and red FLOWERING SEASON(S): autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: part shade Whilst on the subject of cacti, a popular floriferous choice in the UK is the Schlumbergera truncata – the Christmas cactus. This unique plant produces pink, red or purple flowers in the autumn and winter that grow on the end of the trailing, pendant-like stems. Due to its trailing habit, this would be a great choice for a hanging basket, or for the top of a cabinet where it can cascade over the shelves. 18) Chinese Hibiscus BOTANICAL NAME: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis COMMON NAME(S): Chinese hibiscus / blacking plant / China rose HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: orange, red, white and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun Whilst many plants in the hibiscus family make for great indoor displays, it’s the Chinese hibiscus that I think deserves a recommendation. The flowers here are large and showy, with 5 layered petals that can reach 10cm in diameter, which can come in a range of colours from fiery orange to pure white. However, these beautiful blooms only last for a couple of weeks – but you can prolong the flowering period by keeping temperatures above 16°C. 19) Persian Cyclamen BOTANICAL NAME: Cyclamen persicum COMMON NAME(S): Persian cyclamen HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SUNLIGHT: partial shade / full sun The Persian cyclamen is another winter flowering houseplant, producing lovely pink and white-lipped flowers on red stems throughout the colder months through the end of spring. Its foliage also provides some interest and is often variegated, whilst the green and cream leaves are dainty and heart-shaped. 20) Guzmania BOTANICAL NAME: Guzmania COMMON NAME(S): guzmania HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: red and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun Part of the Bromeliad family, guzmania is another widely grown houseplant here in the UK. Its long, thin leaves peel back to reveal a white flower that grows from bright red bracts on an upright stem that can reach up to 0.5m in height. This low-maintenance plant is unfussy and will flower from summer into autumn. 21) Clivia BOTANICAL NAME: clivia COMMON NAME(S): forest lily / boslelie / thong lily HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERS: orange, red yellow and cream FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun Clivias are a beautiful genus of houseplants that bear string trumpet-shaped fiery flowers in the spring and summer months. With petals in colours from red through to cream, these big-blooming flower heads will turn heads – whichever position in the room they are placed in. 22) Poinsettia BOTANICAL NAME: Euphorbia pulcherrima COMMON NAME(S): poinsettia / Christmas flower HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: red / yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter SUNLIGHT: part shade / full sun Poinsettia plants produce tiny yellow flowers in the winter months but are more prized for their beautiful red bracts and green leaves that provide some stunning colour in the cooler months of the year. An exception to the majority of floriferous plants on this list, poinsettia is worth considering because it is relatively easy to care for and can add some winter warmth to any home that is bound to get you in the festive spirit. 23) Flaming Katy BOTANICAL NAME: Kalanchoe blossfeldiana COMMON NAME(S): flaming Katy / panda plant HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERS: red FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SUNLIGHT: part shade Producing small clusters of red flowers in the spring that are accentuated by the ruffled waxy leaves, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is a delightful indoor flowering plant that is easy to care for. A succulent in the Kalanchoe genus, the green leaves are often scallop-edged and tinged with red when grown in the right conditions. 24) Bromeliad BOTANICAL NAME: bromeliad COMMON NAME(S): bromeliad HARDINESS RATING: varies FLOWERS: varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SUNLIGHT: partial shade Bromeliads are popular houseplants that come in a range of colours, so you can pick an option that suits the room you want to grow it in. Not only are the flowers encased in layers of gorgeous petal-like bracts, but the blooms also last from spring all the way through to the end of autumn. If you’re looking for a low-maintenance houseplant that will flower with little fuss, I’d recommend bromeliads. 25) Brazilian Fireworks BOTANICAL NAME: Porphyrocoma pohliana COMMON NAME(S): Brazilian fireworks / purple shrimp plant HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERS: pink and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: part shade To close out this list, I’ve chosen a houseplant that is very rarely grown here in the UK but can be a show-stopper (if you can get your hands on it). Also known as the purple shrimp plant, this perennial produces red deep pink bracts that contain purple flowers which bloom during the summertime. Make sure to grow this plant in a shaded spot in your home, as too much direct sunlight can scorch its silver-veined leaves. References 1. Dendrobium. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved June 27, 2023, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325886-2#children
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Garden Designers Share Their Must-Have Plants For Winter Interest
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Christmas Rose 2) Winter Honeysuckle 3) Winterberry 4) Common Holly 5) Witch Hazel 6) Winter Jasmine 7) Common Dogwood 8) Wintersweet 9) Winter Cherry 10) Spindle References Winter can often leave your garden feeling neglected and bare, with many perennial plants entering a period of dormancy during the coldest months. However, there are many plants that can still inject some colourful interest into your garden displays – even during these darker weeks of the year. “Each month has its own character and set of star plants, but I love that through the depths of winter, you can smell the heady scent of winter honeysuckle, Sarcococca or Chimonanthus praecox,” shares the owner of the garden at 13 Broom Acres, Sunil Patel. “This makes winter one of my favourite times in the gardening calendar.” Garden Writer Val Bourne also favours the wintertime for her gardening needs: “I actually love winter gardening, which sounds strange. I get so much done during that time of year – it is definitely my favourite season. “When everything is stripped back to silhouettes and there are tiny flowers growing from the ground – winter is just so beautiful.” Below, I’ve compiled a list of ten of my favourite plants for winter interest, from evergreen varieties with stunning foliage to perennials that produce flowers in a range of hues throughout the coldest of months. 1) Christmas Rose BOTANICAL NAME: Helleborus niger HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SUNLIGHT: part shade EXPOSURE: sheltered SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Helleborus niger, more commonly referred to as the Christmas Rose, produces beautiful 5-petalled flowers over the winter months in a creamy-white hue. A member of the buttercup family, its flowers also bear a yellowy-green centre and are often flecked with pale-pink tinges. As the Christmas Rose is a relatively small plant, reaching up to 50cm in height and spread, this plant will look great in a container or at the front of a flower bed. Make sure that wherever you choose to place your Christmas Rose is sheltered from any strong winds, as this is a plant that cannot cope with being exposed. 2) Winter Honeysuckle BOTANICAL NAME: Lonicera fragrantissima HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring FRUIT SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread Another plant that produces cream-coloured flowers, the winter honeysuckle is a deciduous shrub that produces beautiful blooms on its bare branches over the winter season. Its tiny 2-lipped flowers are often tinged in pink and have a beautifully fragrant aroma that is not too dissimilar to that of freshly-squeezed lemons. This was one of the plants mentioned by Garden Designer Ian McBain when I spoke to him earlier this year – particularly, he noted its fragrance at a time of year when not much else is offering value: Growing up to 2.5m tall, this shrub would look great at the back of a border or as part of a more natural wildlife-friendly display. 3) Winterberry BOTANICAL NAME: Ilex verticillata HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring FRUIT SEASON(S): autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread Winterberry is a shrub that is prized for its round red berries that are produced in autumn and last long into the winter months. Its dense dark foliage is great for providing shelter to wildlife during the following nesting season, whilst the berries are often eaten by birds or other small mammals. Not only is this plant beneficial for the wildlife in your garden, but its striking appearance and big stature, growing up to 2.5m in height, can add a bright burst of colour to your garden during the duller months. Preferring acidic soil, this plant likes to grow in a damp growing medium, but make sure the soil never becomes waterlogged as this can damage the plant’s health. 4) Common Holly BOTANICAL NAME: ilex aquifolium HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: tree FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer FRUIT SEASON(S): autumn / winter SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SIZE: Up to 15m in height, 4-8m spread Reaching up to a giant 15m in height, the common holly might just steal the show for the most dramatic plant on this list. With dark green foliage and bright red berries, this eye-catching evergreen produces distinctive spiky leaves that often have a glossy finish. Holly is a plant I often think of when considering plants for winter interest, as it is easy to grow, requires little care and can work well as a hedging plant at the back of a garden border. Some of my favourite varieties include ‘Silver Queen’, prized for its silver variegation on the edge of the green leaves, and ‘Madame Briot’, which produces green and yellow leaves from purple stems. 5) Witch Hazel BOTANICAL NAME: hamamelis HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade EXPOSURE: sheltered SIZE: 3-6m in height, 3-6m spread Producing tassel-like blooms that vary in shades from red to yellow, witch hazel is bound to bring some bright interest to your garden over winter. With stunning scented flowers, witch hazel would work really well planted next to paths or doorways so you can enjoy their aromatic qualities throughout the winter months. Popular varieties include Chinese witch hazel and Virginian witch hazel, which both produce yellow flowers during the colder months of the year. “I would also choose these plants for their charming autumn colour on beautifully shaped, lightly twisted leaves too,” adds Peter. 6) Winter Jasmine BOTANICAL NAME: jasminum nudiflorum HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade EXPOSURE: sheltered SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread Winter jasmine is another deciduous shrub that adds colourful floriferous interest during the cold dark months. In Chinese, this plant’s name, ‘Yingchun’, can be translated as ‘the flower that welcomes spring’, and its star-shaped, yellow petals that bloom right through the winter into the spring demonstrate why.1 This beautiful climber can grow well against a trellis or a wall at the back of a garden border, or be potted and added to container displays or hanging baskets for cascading winter displays. 7) Common Dogwood BOTANICAL NAME: cornus sanguinea HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer FRUIT SEASON(S): autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread If you’re looking for a plant that is great for wildlife but also looks great in the garden over the colder months, then this shrub is the one to beat. It is the stems of the common dogwood plant that provide interest for your winter garden displays, with the bare bright red branches creating a stunning burst of winter colour. Dogwood also produces white flowers and black-coloured berries during the year, but they are no contest for the beautiful red stems that look best at the back of a border or as a stand-alone display in its own container or bed. “If I had to pick one, I would choose Cornus sanguinea ‘Midwinter Fire’ as a cultivar with flaming orange and red tones,” says Peter. 8) Wintersweet BOTANICAL NAME: chimonanthus praecox HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / autumn FRUIT SEASON(S): autumn SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: sheltered SIZE: 2.5-4m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread Perhaps my favourite shrub on this list, wintersweet produces small scented flowers with yellow and red layered tepals that grow in clusters from long bare branches over the winter months. This is another shrub that can be trained against a wall, but it’s important to remember that it needs full sun to thrive, so be mindful if planting in an area of your garden that doesn’t get much light throughout the day. Due to its discrete but beautiful flowers, I’d recommend planting wintersweet with other more subtle varieties so it does not get lost amongst the crowd, or in its own container. You should definitely plant these aromatic flowers near a doorway so you can enjoy their scent throughout winter and into spring. 9) Winter Cherry BOTANICAL NAME: prunus × subhirtella HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: tree FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring FRUIT SEASON(S): summer SUNLIGHT: full sun EXPOSURE: exposed / sheltered SIZE: 4-8m in height, 4-8m spread The winter cherry tree produces small pale-pink flowers towards the end of the winter months and can be used as a centrepiece for your winter garden displays. Growing up to 8m in height with a similar spread, this floriferous tree can look brilliant in meadow-style gardens thanks to its beautiful blossoms. If you don’t have the room for a full-sized variety, dwarf cultivars or grafted plants can be grown in pots that are available but are harder to find in the UK. Perhaps the most popular variety of this cultivar, Prunus x subhirtella ‘Atumnalis’ can be grafted onto dwarfing root stocks to grow to half the height and spread of the common winter cherry tree but still produces those beautiful pale-pink blooms throughout the winter months. 10) Spindle BOTANICAL NAME: euonymus europaeus HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer FRUIT SEASON(S): autumn /winter SUNLIGHT: full sun / part shade EXPOSURE: exposure / sheltered SIZE: 2.5-4m in height, 2.5-4m spread Last but certainly not least, spindle is a great addition to any winter display that needs a burst of colour. What makes this deciduous shrub stand out from the rest is the orange berries that are produced from the small pink flowers that grow from the bare branches in the colder months of the year. Not only do they bring a unique colour to your winter garden, but they are extremely versatile and can be grown as hedges, at the back of garden beds, or trained along a trellis or wall. “I would select a sheltered position for these spindles to prevent berries dropping too quickly in the autumn,” shares Peter. My favourite variety, ‘Red Cascade’, produces bright scarlet leaves over the winter months alongside their orange berries. References 1. User-submitted name Yingchun. (n.d.). Behind the Name. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.behindthename.com/name/yingchun/submitted
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Here's 12 Edible Flowers You Can Grow For Culinary Use In A Kitchen Garden
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Pot Marigold 2) French Marigold 3) Rose 4) Garden Nasturtium 5) Dandelion 6) Japanese Honeysuckle 7) Carnation 8) Florist’s Daisy 9) Indian Chrysanthemum 10) Heart’s Ease 11) Garden Pansy 12) Cornflower How To Prepare Edible Flowers References We grow flowering plants for beauty and fruiting ones for edibility, but some flowers are lovely to look at and are also a treat to eat. We have chosen twelve flowers that are not merely edible but are palatable, selecting them for a wide range of tastes and purposes, from mild flavours to use as delicate garnishes to strong ones to use in savoury foods. 1) Pot Marigold BOTANICAL NAME: Calendula officinalis HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn No other flower was more associated with culinary use in Mediaeval Europe than ‘Pot Marigold’ or the ‘Poor Man’s Saffron’.1 The flower has a buttery yellow to golden orange colour and is also used as a food colouring and a dye. It is often considered a saffron substitute and the plant’s leaves are also edible. Calendulas are pretty but plain flowers that resemble daisies more than their namesake. It is best used in not-so-strong savoury dishes including soups, pot stews, casseroles, pizza, and quiche.2 Indeed, pot marigolds can be used as an ingredient in cooked foods or be added later to infuse some flavour and add some warm orange colour. 2) French Marigold BOTANICAL NAME: Tagetes patula HARDINESS RATING: H2 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Orange, yellow, red and brown FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn French marigold is another variety of marigold that has edible uses. Native to a swath of land from Mexico to Colombia, it is best for tossing in green salads and veggie salads and lending colour and flavour to various soups. Tagetes patula’s petals have a moderately spicy, moderately pungent flavour, and the dried powder made from them is a ubiquitous ingredient in some cuisines of the Caucasus. 3) Rose BOTANICAL NAME: Rosa HARDINESS RATING: H7 (varies with cultivar) FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Varied FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn (varies by cultivar) As much as the rose is considered to be the paragon of floral beauty, it is, in fact, a flower that is not only edible but also full of flavour. No matter which type of rose you grow and enjoy, do remove and discard the lower whitish, slightly tougher, part of the petals. Though the different species of rose all have their own particular fragrance and flavour, one word easily describes them all: sweet. The buds are best for making jams and preserves and the petals are often mixed into honey and sweetmeats.3 The petals can also be decocted into syrups, liqueurs, and, above all, rose water. 4) Garden Nasturtium BOTANICAL NAME: Tropaeolum majus HARDINESS RATING: H3 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Orange, red and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn Garden nasturtium may well be the flower most commonly thought of and cultivated as an edible flower in the United Kingdom. In fact, besides the flower, the leaves, stems and even the seed pods are edible.4 Garden nasturtium flowers are probably most commonly used for imparting colour and a bit of zing to hearty salads but they can also be stirred into soups, casseroles, stir-fries and savoury dishes to impart a little pepperiness.5 5) Dandelion BOTANICAL NAME: Taraxacum officinale HARDINESS RATING: H7 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer Dandelion leaves have been eaten throughout Europe for centuries and can be used in the kitchen as a leafy green or even as a base, as they impart a somewhat heavyish, earthy, vegetal taste to cooked foods. “I started growing dandelions when we had a few guinea pigs to feed, but I kept growing them because the leaves are great in salads alongside their young flowers,” shares Colin Skelly, a Horticultural Consultant. “There are some cultivated forms available, such as ‘Pissenlit A Coeur plein’ (Full heart dandelion) selected for culinary use.” However, this article is about flowers and while the flowers couldn’t taste more different from the leaves, they too have been used since time untold for a very special purpose – dandelion wine.6 Dandelion and Burdock is a soft drink that is also still going strong after a century or so. Flowers must be picked young, as when they mature they become progressively less sweet and more bitter. 6) Japanese Honeysuckle BOTANICAL NAME: Lonicera japonica HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen / Semi-evergreen FLOWERS: White, purple and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer If you want to grow a plant that is as ornamental as it is edible and you have a sweet tooth, you’ve won the lottery with Japanese Honeysuckle, a hardy evergreen climber. Where this plant is concerned, the vast majority of cultivars are not only edible but also flavourful besides being, of course, decorative. Be aware that most other types of honeysuckle species’ flowers are not edible; I recommend that only Lonicera japonica and its cultivars be treated as plants with edible flowers. You can use Japanese Honeysuckle flowers for all things sweet, and they are great for making syrups, jellies, and jams. They impart a gently and fragrantly sweet, distinctly honey-ish, flavour to anything they are added to, with the source of the flavour mainly being the nectar inside the flowers. 7) Carnation BOTANICAL NAME: Dianthus caryophyllus HARDINESS RATING: H4 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Pink and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer Carnations are not only among the most refined and delicate ornamental flowers, they are edible and flavourful provided you grow an edible species and not a cultivar developed for floriculture. They are gently fragrant, with a sweet, often clove-like, centre, sometimes with notes or an aftertaste of allspice.7 In general the lighter-coloured the flower, the milder and gentler the flavour; the darker the flower, the sharper and more intense the flavour. Only the petals are edible and the whitish base of each petal must be removed as it is bitter. 8) Florist’s Daisy BOTANICAL NAME: Chrysanthemum x morifolium HARDINESS RATING: H7 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Brown, pink, yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Autumn The vast majority of chrysanthemum species’ flowers are edible, though they are not necessarily palatable. The first species on this list that produces excellent-tasting flowers is C. x morifolium, better known as the florist’s daisy. For any given chrysanthemum plant, the earlier a flower is picked, the more the flavour is milder and more inclined toward vegetal and sweet. The later it is picked, the more intense the flavour, and the more peppery and bitter taste. Thus, the particular chrysanthemum plant you go to and when you pick its flowers should be governed by how you intend to consume them. A good rule is to pick the flower just when the bud is opening; when picked young the flower is gently flavourful and less bitter. 9) Indian Chrysanthemum BOTANICAL NAME: Chrysanthemum indicum HARDINESS RATING: H7 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn The Indian chrysanthemum also has palatable flowers. To use chrysanthemums in cooking, it’s best to look at Far Eastern cuisine and recipes.8 However, they are a brilliant addition to any and many cooked vegetable dishes that include bok-choy, cabbage, kale, spinach, cress, radish, cauliflower, and french-beans. Most stir-fries or veggie stews will be improved with an addition of chrysanthemum petals. 10) Heart’s Ease BOTANICAL NAME: Viola tricolour HARDINESS RATING: H7 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Yellow, purple and cream FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer / Autumn We know that beautiful pansies come in a staggering range of hues and tones. This variation may not quite be matched by the tastes and flavours of these gently palatable little flowers, but there is still a mild difference between varieties. Viola tricolour has more intense flavours than the garden pansy that also features on this list. They have a vegetal and grassy gentle taste though they are most often considered to have a wintergreen-like aroma and taste with a pleasing tartness. Pansy petals, chopped or whole, can be dropped and tossed in green salads, fruit salads and vegetable salads. However, they are just as good for garnishing fruit juices, fruit shakes, and even cocktails and mixed drinks. 11) Garden Pansy BOTANICAL NAME: Viola × wittrockiana HARDINESS RATING: H5/H6 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): Varies Garden pansies almost always have gentle and mild aromas and flavours of freshly vegetal types hovering between grassy and floral, sometimes leaving a sweet aftertaste. Only the petals may be eaten and not the whole flower, which also applies to the V. tricolour. Pansy petals are ideal for decorating pastries, cakes, desserts and sorbets with. 12) Cornflower BOTANICAL NAME: Centaurea cyanus HARDINESS RATING: H6 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer Cornflower is not exactly a taste sensation, but it slots into our last spot because it is an all-rounder among edible flowers. Taste-wise, cornflower is mild with a light flavour that seems to vary from sweetish to vegetal, to clove-ish to slightly spicy. Cornflower petals can be used in cooked foodstuffs but that is not the best use for this flower in view of its size, flavour, and colour. Its smallish size and the typical intense blue hue makes it a highly attractive garnish. Though cornflowers come in other colours like white and pink, it is the intense blue flower that is most desirable. Petals can simply be dropped over sweet foodstuffs, particularly all kinds of desserts from custards and puddings to parfaits and ice cream. How To Prepare Edible Flowers Avoid eating any flowers bought from a florist or anywhere else except those from a farmer’s market that are expressly designated for eating (besides those grown specifically for eating in your own garden). Do not use any chemical pesticides; use only biological controls and natural, organic treatments such as those meant for herbs and vegetables. In all cases, for edible flowers try to use own-root plants and not grafted ones. Pick flowers on the day you intend to use them unless you plan to dry them for making decoctions, tea or powders. At most, keep them for a day in the fridge. Keep in mind that not all flowers can be eaten whole – only the petals of many flowers are edible (and tasty) while much of the rest of the plant must be discarded. Flowers should be washed before being used as a culinary ingredient or consumed. Wash them in running water or dip them in a bowl of water. References 1. Demas, A. (2022, September 1). Celebrating Edible Flowers. The Food Studies Institute. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://foodstudies.org/celebrating-edible-flowers/ 2. Rao, T. (2010, July 19). Marigolds: They’re What’s for Dinner. The Atlantic. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2010/07/marigolds-theyre-whats-for-dinner/59940/ 3. Hegde, A. S., Gupta, S., Sharma, S., Srivatsan, V., & Kumari, P. (2022). Edible rose flowers: A doorway to gastronomic and nutraceutical research. Food Research International, 162, 111977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111977 4. Nasturtium Pods. (n.d.). Specialty Produce. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://specialtyproduce.com/produce/Nasturtium_Pods_7023.php 5. Lambert, R. (2020, June 29). How to make capers from nasturtium seeds. Wild Walks Southwest. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.wildwalks-southwest.co.uk/make-capers-from-nasturtium-seeds/ 6. Wright, J. (2012, August 14). How to make dandelion wine. The Guardian. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2012/apr/04/how-to-make-dandelion-wine 7. Carnation Edible Flowers. (n.d.). Nurtured in Norfolk. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://nurturedinnorfolk.co.uk/product/carnation-edible-flowers/ 8. Roe, U. (n.d.). Cooking with edible flowers – a history. Love Food. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.lovefood.com/news/58796/cooking-with-edible-flowers–a-history
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Verbenas Are Great At Tying Planting Together - Here Are 4 Plants To Grow With Them
IN THIS GUIDE What Is Companion Planting? 1) Marigolds 2) Nasturtiums 3) Zinnias 4) Ornamental Grasses References Gorgeous verbenas are a gardener’s joy. This plucky plant adds colour and interest to any garden and boasts 150 species that flower.1 Known for their long flowering period, there are varieties that bloom every month apart from in winter and are really easy to grow, making them perfect for even the most novice gardeners. Verbena with Echinacea and Rudbeckia These plants are vibrant and versatile and will thrive in beds and borders as well as in pots and containers. “Verbenas are great at tying planting together, particularly in looser naturalistic planting,” says Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “I use it a lot for this reason, but also because it is a great plant for pollinators, particularly in late summer.” Thanks to their multi-talented nature, these beauties can really set off other plants, so in this article, we’ll look at the best companion plants for your verbenas to really make your garden pop. What Is Companion Planting? As you can probably guess, companion planting is simply choosing a suitable plant to go beside a plant you already have in your garden – but the reasons to choose a particular plant can be varied. You may choose the companion plant just because it looks nice next to your existing plant. However, you can also pick plants that can repel unwanted pests or attract pollinators. 1) Marigolds Marigolds with their explosive yellow and orange blooms look utterly delightful next to verbena’s more dainty flowers. Verbenas thrive in full sunlight and marigolds are just the same, so these two are a match made in heaven. Marigolds also attract butterflies, bees and other essential pollinators – so this pair really is a win-win. 2) Nasturtiums Like verbenas, nasturtiums are also super versatile with bush varieties, species that cascade and others that climb. Nasturtiums also come in a wide range of colours so there are limitless combinations you can choose from when pairing these two plants together. Nasturtiums are also notoriously easy to grow, so this is a great option for beginner gardeners or if you’re just feeling lazy! 3) Zinnias Perky, peppy zinnias are just so much fun and can certainly keep up with the charm of verbenas and neither one upstages the other. Zinnias also flower from early spring to late autumn so both plants will be blooming in time with each other, filling your garden with whimsical colour. Both plants require the same amount of watering, making them the ideal couple. 4) Ornamental Grasses Ornamental grasses are a great option if you want to create a bit of texture and movement in your garden. Verbenas have an almost wildflower appearance, so pairing them with ornamental grasses can create a real country cottage vibe. There are loads of ornamental grasses to choose from and you will be able to find one to perfectly match any variety of verbena. Including ornamental grass in your garden is also a great way to do your bit for the environment. Ornamental grass helps provide shelter for small mammals and insects. As you can see, there are lots of options when it comes to companion plants for verbenas, whether you are trying to create the right colour scheme, keen to attract pollinators or just want to give your garden that extra wow factor – there is a suitable plant for every occasion. References 1. Verbena. (n.d.). Kew Plants of the World Online. Retrieved August 23rd, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330551-2#children
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Each Of These 8 Award-Winning Shrubs Has Fragrant Foliage For Garden Aromas
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Lavender 2) Alpine Mint Bush 3) Elder ‘Eva’ 4) Bay Tree 5) Sage ‘Berggarten’ 6) Lilac ‘Palibin’ 7) Tarentum Myrtle 8) White Alder ‘Ruby Spice’ References We love flowers for their enchanting smells – ones that waft through the air and into our nostrils, reminding us of the gentle and elegant beauty of nature. While some flowers are bred especially for their scents, there are almost countless nice-smelling blooms available to even the most amateur gardener, making fragrant flowers open and enjoyable to all. But what about leaves? This part of the plant receives less attention for its aroma, and with good reason: they’re rarely much to write home about if they’re noticeable at all. This is the assumption we’d like to challenge with this article. Some gardeners already invest time choosing shrubs with particularly fragrant leaves, and we’d like to induct you into this hallowed club with a few recommendations of our own. Each of the shrubs recommended here is in receipt of the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Gardening Merit (AGM), marking them as not only especially beautiful, but also especially well suited to growing in British gardens. 1) Lavender BOTANICAL NAME: Lavandula HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Chalk, loam or sand; Any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 1-1.5m spread What list of fragrant plants would be complete without lavender? This is one of my favourite plants: the smell is just instantly soothing, and running a sprig between your finger and thumb lets you carry it with you for a little while. You can also crush up a sprig to release a little of the oil, then rub it on your temples for even longer-lasting relaxation. Lavender is hardy and versatile, with a handful of varieties available to choose from. It grows well in the ground or in pots and will attract bees and other pollinators to your garden – a great way to generate a bit of buzz. 2) Alpine Mint Bush BOTANICAL NAME: Prostanthera cuneata HARDINESS RATING: H4 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Purple and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; Any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread If you like the scent purple lavender provides, Prostanthera cuneata is another one to consider. This shrub sports tiny rich green leaves with a notable minty aroma, surrounded in summer by purple and white flowers. As an evergreen shrub, this will stay green all year round, but you may need to move it indoors when the weather starts to cool down. Originally hailing from Australia, this plant has become a welcome addition to British gardens – it’s definitely worth getting to know.1 3) Elder ‘Eva’ BOTANICAL NAME: Sambucus nigra f. porphyrophylla ‘Eva’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Part Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; Any pH SIZE: 2.5-4m in height, 2.5-4m spread Elderflower and elderberry are two of the most delicious flavours on nature’s platter. If you’ve ever tried elderflower presse or a glass of elderberry wine, you’ll know exactly what we mean. The smell is great, too. Elder ‘Eva’ is a variety with compelling dark purple leaves, on top of which sit thick bouquets of light pink flowers in the summer months. These flowers carry the pleasing scent of elder – something that will make your garden an undeniably pleasant place to be. Like the two previous shrubs, this one prefers full sun or partial shade: this is a common property shared by shrubs with fragrant foliage, as the aromatic oils found in their leaves are released most readily when warmed.2 4) Bay Tree BOTANICAL NAME: Laurus nobilis HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Green and yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Part Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; Any pH SIZE: 8-12m in height, over 8m spread If you enjoy cooking you’re probably familiar with bay. They produce pungent leaves that lend their distinctive flavour to curries and broths in many varied cuisines. It turns out that a supermarket shelf isn’t the only place you can get bay, too: growing a bay tree in your garden brings the combined benefit of having an aromatic shrub to enjoy, and having an endless supply of bay for your culinary antics. Green and yellow flowers in spring give way to dark fruit in autumn, but the evergreen leaves are the main point of interest for gardeners and chefs alike. This shrub likes full sun or partial shade and will do well in the ground or in pots. “Bay is a great plant for aromatic foliage,” says Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “It’s a great shrub to prune as the scent envelopes you, especially on a warm day. It’s great for cooking as well as being a structurally well-shaped shrub.” 5) Sage ‘Berggarten’ BOTANICAL NAME: Salvia officinalis ‘Berggarten’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Chalk, loam or sand; Any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Moving onto another familiar kitchen leaf, we now turn to sage. However, the sage on this list is probably not the variety you’re most accustomed to. This variety has the distinctive grey-green leaves and the sage aroma we know and love, but much broader leaves and fewer flower spikes put the foliage front and centre. Sage ‘Berggarten’ will do best in full sun, and will make a fine addition to any garden. 6) Lilac ‘Palibin’ BOTANICAL NAME: Syringa meyeri ‘Palibin’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Purple and pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; Alkaline / neutral pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread Lilacs are common guests in our gardens thanks to their attractive blooms, and ‘Palibin’ is noted for its pleasing aroma, too. Upright clusters of small lilac-coloured flowers punctuate a dense packing of dark green leaves. With a season of floral interest spanning over spring and summer, this shrub is a pleasure to behold. It’s also very hardy, making it great for British gardens. Grow in full sun for the best results. 7) Tarentum Myrtle BOTANICAL NAME: Myrtus communis subsp. tarentina HARDINESS RATING: H4 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; Any pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread This plant has an interesting and illustrious history, being associated with goddesses of love and femininity like Aphrodite and Venus.3 The entire plant is fragrant, making it a great addition to this list. Tarentum myrtle doesn’t have to engulf your entire garden, either, despite what you may already think you know about this plant. Grow in full sun for the best results, and get ready for a delightful pink-white bloom to pepper the dark evergreen foliage in the summer months. 8) White Alder ‘Ruby Spice’ BOTANICAL NAME: Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Part Shade EXPOSURE: Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Loam or sand; Acidic pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread Some flowers demand attention. When you see them for the first time it’s impossible not to stop and take a closer look: to appreciate the delicate interplays of colour, shape and form. For me, C. alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ is a perfect example of this. The cylindrical formations of captivating white plants with bold pink rims and extended tendrils practically define beauty. This floral bloom spans late summer and early autumn, complementing the earlier seasons of interest of some other shrubs in this list, and their fragrance is rather pleasant as well. This article is a small sample of fragrant shrubs you can introduce to your garden to expand its ability to delight the senses. Some of the aromas will waft gently around your garden with the flow of the air, whilst others will need that tactile engagement to release their scents. We hope the list has given you some ideas for starting points. As always, there are plenty of other options: over time you’ll build an understanding of the right fragrant plants for your outdoor space. References 1. Prostanthera cuneata. (n.d.). Growing Native Plants. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from https://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/interns-2005/prostanthera-cuneata.html 2. Dhifi, W., Bellili, S., Jazi, S., Bahloul, N., & Mnif, W. (2016). Essential Oils’ Chemical Characterization and Investigation of Some Biological Activities: A Critical Review. Medicines, 3(4), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3040025 3. Legends of Myrtle. (n.d.). Romans & Art. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from https://www.romeandart.eu/en/art-legends-myrtle.html
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10 Unique Bedding Plants Beyond Pansies And Begonias
IN THIS GUIDE Winter-Spring Bedding Displays Summer Bedding Displays Tips For Bedding Displays References Bedding plants are used to create displays in a garden for a particular season of interest. Bedding displays became popular during Victorian times and they are still a common feature in public gardens.1 Bedding plants are also popular with home gardeners seeking to create attractive beds, borders, containers or hanging baskets. Typical bedding plants are extremely popular in the UK, accounting for a large proportion of gardener spending, but which plants you choose, and how you start out with your planting can have a big impact on the aesthetic success of the scheme. The decisions you take will also have a big impact on how sustainable and eco-friendly your gardening efforts will be. Bedding plants are frequently purchased as plugs or young plants. However, it can be a greener option to grow your own bedding plants from seed or cuttings. Taking a more DIY approach can help you avoid contributing to harmful horticultural industry practices, avoid peat, and reduce plastic use in your garden. Thinking beyond pansies and begonias and other common bedding plants and considering more interesting and unusual options could help your garden to stand out, and help you create a more contemporary scheme. Below are 10 suggestions to help you choose bedding plants suited to both winter and summer displays. Of course, these are just a few of my personal suggestions, but they may help you in creating your own beautiful bedding displays. Winter-Spring Bedding Displays Commonly, winter bedding plants chosen for displays will include tried and tested favourites like violas, pansies, polyanthus and primroses. Another more interesting option to consider are foliage plants and shrubs. Here are 3 of my favourites: 1) Erica carnea COMMON NAME(S): Alpine Heath HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: Perennial shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Pink, purple and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): Winter / Spring SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Clay, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread One of our top picks for a winter display is Erica carnea. This winter-flowering, perennial heather will be valuable for bees and will look great throughout the winter months. 2) Brassica oleracea COMMON NAME(S): Ornamental Cabbage HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: Vegetable FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; alkaline / neutral pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Hardy biennials are popular for summer displays, but some are also ideal for a winter display. Another of our top picks for winter bedding displays are ornamental brassicas. Kales and cabbages, with interesting foliage in greens and purples and pinks, will look wonderful in a display over the coldest months. We’ve been specific and chosen to go with Brassica oleracea, pictured above, as this ornamental cabbage is bound to add delight to your winter displays. “‘Nagoya Red’ has ruffled leaves and a purple centre,” adds Master Horticulturist Peter Lickorish. 3) Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss. COMMON NAME(S): Lucile’s glory of the snow HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: Perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Blue and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0-0.1m spread Bulbs are invaluable in creating late winter and early spring colours in bedding displays. They’re also sold under the botanical name Scilla. There are plenty of early spring bulbs to consider, including snowdrops, crocus, narcissus, anemones, and grape hyacinths. Our top pick for winter bedding displays however is ‘Glory of the Snow’, especially because of the vibrancy of the blue flowers These can be particularly effective in carpet-style bedding displays early in the year. Summer Bedding Displays Summer bedding displays offer, of course, even more exciting options. 4) Tagetes patula COMMON NAME(S): French marigold HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: Annual FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Yellow, orange, red and brown FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Clay, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Many half-hardy annuals are amongst the most popular bedding plants for summer displays. Cosmos, Nemesia and Nicotiana are just some of the popular options. One of our favourites is the French marigold, which looks beautiful en mass and provides a range of benefits to pollinators, other plants and wildlife in your garden. 5) Calendula officinalis COMMON NAME(S): Common marigold HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: Annual / biennial FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Orange FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread There is also a range of hardy annuals which can be sown directly into your garden in spring. There are many options to consider, including Alyssum, Iberis and Limnanthes. One great choice is Calendula (pot marigold). This is wonderful for bees and other pollinators, should also help attract other beneficial insects to your garden, and looks great over a long blooming period. 6) Myosotis sylvatica COMMON NAME(S): Garden forget-me-not HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: Perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: Semi-Evergreen FLOWERS: Blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer SUNLIGHT: Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Over the summer months, biennials can also make great bedding plants for displays. “Forget-me-not is often treated as a biennial, sown in summer for flowers the following spring,” shares Peter. Hollyhocks, Dianthus, and Erisymum are three popular biennials. One bedding plant I’d like to highlight is Myosotis, more commonly known as forget-me-nots. Forget-me-nots are another excellent option for carpet bedding, producing beautiful blue flowers in spring and summer. They also look wonderful in pots or containers in the garden. 7) Salvia splendens COMMON NAME(S): Scarlet sage HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: Perennial / annual FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Red FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Loam or sand; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Many half-hardy perennials are grown in bedding schemes as annuals. Well-known examples include Begonias, Geraniums, busy Lizzies, summer pansies and Lobelia. One which can be a great choice for summer displays is Salvia splendens. Salvias bloom later in the summer and into early autumn and are another great choice for summer bedding displays. They can be combined with other flowers for formal schemes, or with beautiful ornamental grasses and other flowering perennials for bedding displays with a more informal look. 8) Tulipa COMMON NAME(S): Tulip HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: Perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Varies FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Clay, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0-0.1m spread Summer bedding schemes often start with spring flowering bulbs, which oversee the transition between winter and summer plantings. Hyacinths and alliums are common choices, but perhaps one of the best-known and best-loved bedding plants is the tulip. Tulips, of course, come in a huge range of colours and types, and no matter what type of bedding display you wish to create, mass plantings of tulips can often be a major hit. This may be a tried and tested favourite, but it is one which has stood the test of time. 9) Sedum spectabile COMMON NAME(S): Ice Plant HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: Perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Exposed SOIL PREFERENCE: Chalk, loam, sand; alkaline / neutral pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread A number of tender sub-tropical plants are also used as centrepieces for summer bedding schemes. Cannas, or palms, for example, are popular choices. Succulents are hugely popular right now and are often grown as houseplants, but in certain settings, these can also work well in summer bedding schemes. For example, sedums can work very well for green roof or green wall planting displays over the summer months. They can also work well in bed or border planting schemes in the right location, and also look very nice in pots and containers. These can be combined with other succulents such as sempervivum and alpine plants like saxifrages, for example, to create interesting patterns in bedding displays. 10) Juniperus squamata COMMON NAME(S): Flaky Juniper HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: Shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any well-drained soil; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread It is also worthwhile considering adding shrubs or grasses which can also work well in containers, or provide a framework for larger bedding displays. Low hedging or box shrubs can work well in creating formal bedding displays and ornamental grasses can work well as centrepieces or break up densely floral designs. Our final bedding pick is a dwarf conifer Juniperus squamata, which can look great in mixed containers, or hold its own in a larger bedding scheme to show other bedding plants off to good effect in your displays. Tips For Bedding Displays Of course, the 10 bedding plants suited to displays that we have listed above only highlight the massive variety of plants which can be integrated into bedding displays throughout the year. When it comes to creating effective and beautiful bedding displays, choosing ornamental plants is just part of the picture. “For bedding displays, especially in pots, a good basis is to aim for thrillers, fillers and spillers,” shares Peter. “I love to throw in a few statement thriller plants, such as dark leaf Cannas, or Cordylines, which can add height and drama to a display and need not be removed with the rest of the planting. “Fillers are the mix of plants that make up the main mix of the display. “If you can get hold of a colour wheel, colours either directly opposite or next to each other usually work best. “Then, in pots, have a spiller to overflow the sides and hang down. “In the open ground, maybe look to have an edging plant such as Jacobaea maritima ‘Silver Leaf.’ For me, this one frames a display nicely.” To further help you in putting together your own bedding plant displays, here are some general tips: Decide upfront which type of bedding display you are going for. Do you want to create a formal scheme with orderly planting, or something more informal, for example? Will planting be looser, or are you aiming for an intricate and intensive carpet bedding design? Try wherever possible to sow and grow from scratch rather than buying in plug or bedding plants. This won’t just be more eco-friendly, it will save a lot of money too. Plant corms, rhizomes, bulbs and tubers in autumn or spring. Sow seeds under cover in late winter or early spring and plant out once all risk of frost has passed. Or direct sow hardy annuals in the ground early in the growing season. Take cuttings to expand your plant collection. Timing is important. Make sure you plant for a succession of blooms over as long a period as possible (which is better for wildlife as well as for you). Deadheading will prolong flowering for most plants. Make clear plans for your display, and make sure you know how many of each type of plant will be required to create the desired effect and cover the available space. Avoid overly ornate schemes with too many flowering plants. Mass or drift plantings of fewer species can sometimes be more effective than schemes that are too busy, with too many different species. Break up ‘old-fashioned’ floral displays with foliage plants to add texture and interest and make your bedding schemes more contemporary in feel. Consider integrating bedding schemes with food production. Gardens can be productive as well as beautiful. Many bedding plants can also be excellent companion plants for annual crops and fruits and vegetables can be attractive too – adding to the appeal as well as the utility of a seasonal display. References 1. Hopper, B. (2021, March 23). Digital Traineeship Blog: Postcards, Public Parks and Carpet Bedding. Garden Museum. Retrieved March 13, 2023, from https://gardenmuseum.org.uk/digital-traineeship-blog-postcards-public-parks-and-carpet-bedding/
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The 40 Most Commonly Grown Houseplants With Some Of Doug Stewart's Favourites
IN THIS GUIDE 1) African Violet 2) Air Plant 3) Aloe Vera 4) Amaryllis 5) Aspidistra 6) Bamboo 7) Begonia 8) Bonsai Tree 9) Boston Fern 10) Bromeliad 11) Cape Primrose 12) Chinese Money Plant 13) Areca Palm 14) Croton 15) Crown Of Thorns 16) Devil’s Ivy 17) Dracaena 18) Dumb Cane Plant 19) Echeveria 20) Fiddle-Leaf Fig 21) Elephant Ear 22) Wax Plant 23) Ivy 24) Jade Plant 25) Kalanchoe 26) Maidenhair Fern 27) Swiss Cheese Plant 28) Moth Orchid 29) Peace Lily 30) Philodendron 31) Prayer Plant 32) Prickly Pear Cactus 33) Purple Shamrock 34) Rhipsalis 35) Snake Plant 36) Slipper Orchid 37) Spider Plant 38) Staghorn Fern 39) String Of Pearls 40) Umbrella Tree One Final Word Of Warning References A sizeable garden at your disposal isn’t a prerequisite to having green fingers. Houseplants are a great way of indulging your passion for horticulture and sprucing up your home’s interior décor in one fell swoop. “I absolutely adore houseplants and have about 60 in my home right now,” shares Horticulturist Doug Stewart. “I think they are transient and I wouldn’t live without them.” Best of all, most house plants require little maintenance, with many enjoying the same temperatures as humans and demanding nothing more than regular watering. Below are a selection of the most widespread varieties in the UK, which are popular for their aesthetic qualities and their ease of cultivation. 1) African Violet BOTANICAL NAME: Saintpaulia ionantha HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer / Autumn / Winter SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once per week The Streptocarpus genus encompasses more than 150 species and over a thousand cultivars, so there’s bound to be an option to suit your space.1 Characterised by colourful but dainty blossoms and pleasingly shaped leaves, African violets are a delightful addition to any windowsill. 2) Air Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Tillandsia spp. HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Bright, diffused light WATERING: Spray once per week Termed by some sellers as virtually indestructible, air plants do not require any soil whatsoever and have revolutionised the term terrarium. They do, however, demand bright sunlight and a good drink once a week, which can be provided by misting the plant or submerging it fully in water and allowing it to air dry. 3) Aloe Vera BOTANICAL NAME: Aloe vera HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, direct light WATERING: Once per month Aloe vera is adept at surviving without watering, making them highly useful to have around the home. They’re also easy on the eye and as succulents, they don’t need too much in the way of irrigation (though they do need bright sunlight). 4) Amaryllis BOTANICAL NAME: Hippeastrum HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Winter SUNLIGHT: Bright, diffused light WATERING: Once every 2 weeks Also known as Hippeastrum, amaryllis plants boast bulbous roots, long stems and oversized flowers with a velvety texture and vibrant tones. They’re often grown for Christmas but will provide interest to your indoor display in whichever month you choose to cultivate them. Expect blossoms around two months after planting. 5) Aspidistra BOTANICAL NAME: Aspidistra elatior HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once per week Aspidistras are commonly referred to as cast iron plants in recognition of their resilience, since they’re hardy up to -5°C and will survive a modicum of neglect from absent-minded gardening enthusiasts. Their broad leaves bring interesting foliage to any corner and they do best when kept out of direct sunlight. 6) Bamboo BOTANICAL NAME: Bambusa vulgaris HARDINESS RATING: H1C SUNLIGHT: Bright, direct light WATERING: Once per week Bamboo has increased massively in popularity in the UK of late. This is despite the fact that they require a little more TLC than almost all other options on this list. Great for hobbyists keen to integrate a contemporary aesthetic. 7) Begonia BOTANICAL NAME: Begonia HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer / Autumn / Winter SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Every 2-4 days Often found on the floors of shadowy forests, begonias are a perfect choice for a north-facing room which enjoys a few hours of sunlight. Their fascinating coloured foliage, which combines psychedelic tones with spiral or variegated patterns, is the main attraction for these dimly lit dwellers. 8) Bonsai Tree HARDINESS RATING: Varies between species FLOWERING SEASON(S): Varies between species SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once per week Okay, so bonsai are one specimen which require more upkeep than bamboo – but they’re less of a style choice and more of a way of life. Bonsai enthusiasts dedicate several minutes (or for some, even hours!) every week to restoring balance in their specimens, in their homes and in their inner peace. 9) Boston Fern BOTANICAL NAME: Nephrolepis exaltata HARDINESS RATING: H1B SUNLIGHT: Bright to medium, indirect light WATERING: Once per week The arching fronds of the Boston fern are deliciously zesty lime green in colour, bringing a lighter contrast when placed alongside darker leafed foliage. It’s generally an unfussy plant, but its leaves do tend to droop and become discoloured if the soil is allowed to dry out completely. If that happens, water it thoroughly straight away and witness a miraculous revival. 10) Bromeliad BOTANICAL NAME: Bromeliad HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright to medium, indirect light WATERING: Once per week In the wild, bromeliads are found in the upper echelons of tree boughs. This means that they prefer good aeration around their roots and dappled sunlight on their foliage, as well as filtered rainwater – though none of the above are total deal-breakers. Great for architectural attraction. 11) Cape Primrose BOTANICAL NAME: Streptocarpus glandulosissimus HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Every 9 days With large, leathery green leaves and eye-catching blossoms in a range of different colours, Cape Primrose is a cheerful addition to any environment they adorn. Position them on a windowsill that receives bright but indirect sunlight and avoid overwatering and they’ll thrive quite independently. 12) Chinese Money Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Pilea peperomioides HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once per week We can’t guarantee that this plant will bring you good omens financially, but we can promise it will add contemporary charm to your indoor display. The small but profuse spherical leaves are highly pleasing to the eye, especially in mature plants, since they look great spilling over the sides of a hanging basket. 13) Areca Palm BOTANICAL NAME: Chrysalidocarpus lutescens HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once per week The fountain of bright green foliage which springs forth from the Chrysalidocarpus genus, alongside its towering stature, makes the plant a superb focal point for any room of the house. It needs bright but indirect sunlight and thorough watering throughout the growing season. 14) Croton BOTANICAL NAME: Codiaeum variegatum HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once per week The foliage of croton can vary immensely from one cultivar to the next, with some boasting lance-like fronds and others with deeper and rounder surfaces. Regardless, they carry streaks of bright yellow, orange, red and pink which are great at brightening up dull or monochrome parts of the home. 15) Crown Of Thorns BOTANICAL NAME: Euphorbia milii HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, direct light WATERING: Once every 2 weeks The prickly name of this species comes from the barbs on its leaves and the sap inside its fat foliage. However, it’s worth the trouble of handling with gloves for the dainty but dazzling flowers (or, more accurately, coloured bracts) that it shoots forth on a nearly continual basis. 16) Devil’s Ivy BOTANICAL NAME: Epipremnum aureum HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Medium, indirect light WATERING: Once per week Devil’s Ivy is at its most comfortable when surrounded by hot and humid conditions, which makes it an ideal choice for the bathroom. It can either be grown out of a pot or hung from a hanger, while its trailing vines lend themselves to attractive draping as seen in the image above. 17) Dracaena BOTANICAL NAME: Dracaena HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once per week Dracaenas are highly versatile plants which come in a variety of different forms. The pictured specimen above boasts attractive twin trunks and fun, oversized foliage. It’s best in bright light but can handle some shade, though it doesn’t take kindly to fluoride at all, so make sure to use rainwater to irrigate.2 18) Dumb Cane Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Dieffenbachia amoena HARDINESS RATING: H1A SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once every 2 weeks Despite the unflattering name, dumb cane plants offer attractively large leaves that are green with white speckles. Perfect for complementing similar hues in the surrounding colour scheme. 19) Echeveria BOTANICAL NAME: Echeveria secunda HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, direct light WATERING: Every 1-2 months Succulents are the ultimate in set-and-forget house plants. Simply pop them on a windowsill which receives its fair share of UV radiation and mist them occasionally and voila – you have a living ornament in your home. Echeveria is a large genus with many cultivars to choose from in all shapes and sizes. 20) Fiddle-Leaf Fig BOTANICAL NAME: Ficus lyrata HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, direct light WATERING: Once per week The oversized leaves of fiddle-leaf figs are what makes them such an attractive option around the home, but they’re also what makes them slightly more demanding than some of the other options in this article. That’s because they need an abundance of sunlight to photosynthesise and just the right amount of water to thrive. 21) Elephant Ear BOTANICAL NAME: Colocasia esculenta HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once a day Another plant with a moniker derived from its enormous leaves, Elephant Ears are prized for their foliage rather than their flowers. They originally hail from tropical climes, making them ideal for an indoor environment, while their extremely quick-growing nature means they can reach maturity in a matter of months. 22) Wax Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Hoya carnosa HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Bright to medium, indirect light WATERING: Once per week The woody stems and waxy leaves of hoya plants make them a huge favourite around the home, regardless of whether they’re trained upwards or allowed to trail downwards. The colourful clusters of diminutive flowers, reminiscent of wax or porcelain (hence their common names), are the icing on the cake. 23) Ivy BOTANICAL NAME: Hedera HARDINESS RATING: H5 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Autumn SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once per week Another trailer/climber, Ivy is most often seen adorning the external façade of grand country homes. However, it’s equally attractive in an indoor setting and can liven up lacklustre walls or add intrigue to a boring corner. Another which favours humidity, it is ideal for the kitchen or bathroom. 24) Jade Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Crassula ovata HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once every 2-3 weeks The rubber-like leaves on a Jade Plant are just as on-point and en vogue as the plastic counterparts you might find in an Ikea home display – and they only require slightly more upkeep. However, unlike those artificial alternatives, jade plants continue to develop and become more lovely as they grow. 25) Kalanchoe BOTANICAL NAME: Kalanchoe HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once every 2-3 weeks A close relative of the jade plant, kalanchoes are succulents hailing from Madagascar which do extremely well in the cosier confines of an indoor climate. Their umbels of upward-facing blooms last longer than almost all other succulents, making them an attractive choice. 26) Maidenhair Fern BOTANICAL NAME: Adiantum HARDINESS RATING: H1C SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Every other day Another tropical fern which likes its humidity levels hot and heavy, maidenhair ferns do best in steamy bathrooms. Get the conditions right and you’ll be richly rewarded with mountains upon mountains of aesthetically pleasing light green leaves in miniature, which contrast nicely against the darker hues of the stems. 27) Swiss Cheese Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Monstera deliciosa HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Every 1-2 weeks Commonly called Swiss Cheese plants, monsteras are true monsters of the house plant scene if allowed to grow unencumbered. They don’t require too much to produce prodigious leaves, though they’ll benefit from a moss pole to help them stay upright and they do demand regular irrigation. 28) Moth Orchid BOTANICAL NAME: Phalaenopsis HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer / Autumn / Winter SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once per week Moth Orchids are tropical creatures that are highly appreciative of central heating systems. If the temperature and humidity levels are right, they’ll flower for longer than many other house plants, with their blossoms encompassing the full spectrum of pinks, purples, peaches, yellows and burgundies. 29) Peace Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Spathiphyllum wallisii HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright to low, indirect light WATERING: Once per week Another hugely popular house plant, Peace Lilies produce delicately graceful white spathes that are a pleasure on the eye. They’re capable of handling low exposure to sunlight, but won’t be quite so accommodating if you forget to water them more than once. 30) Philodendron BOTANICAL NAME: Philodendron HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Every 1-2 weeks The heart-shaped foliage of philodendron can grow to monstrous proportions if left unchecked in the great outdoors, but potted varieties are more easily controlled. They look equally impressive if trained up a trellis or allowed to dangle invitingly over the rim of their pot or basket. 31) Prayer Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Maranta leuconeura HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Medium, indirect light WATERING: Every 1-2 weeks Prayer Plants belong to the maranta genus, which is home to some of the most brightly coloured foliage in the whole of the house plant kingdom. It’s not uncommon to see rich burgundies and profound pinks on the underside of a leaf and dark greens on the topmost surface. Beware of the pests it may attract. 32) Prickly Pear Cactus BOTANICAL NAME: Opuntia HARDINESS RATING: H1C FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, direct light WATERING: Once per month With distinctive rounded stems covered on both sides in spines, Prickly Pears are attractive but aggressive additions to your living room. The aforementioned stems often grow in pairs, earning them the nickname bunny ears, but they’re far from cuddly. The flowers which appear atop their ridges in summer are pleasant, however. 33) Purple Shamrock BOTANICAL NAME: Oxalis triangularis HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright to medium, indirect light WATERING: Every 1-2 weeks The proliferation of triangular purple leaves which swarm the purple shamrock plant make it a curious sight in any room, especially when those warm tones are complemented by the bright pink of its nodding flowers in summer. A humidity enthusiast, it does well in kitchens and bathrooms. 34) Rhipsalis BOTANICAL NAME: Rhipsalis baccifera HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer / Autumn / Winter SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once per week Though technically a cactus, Rhipsalis has torn up the rule book on the genus. Instead of thriving in sun, it prefers darkness, while the complete absence of spines along the surface of its leaves makes it the least cactus-like cactus in existence. Its trailing habit makes it ideal for hanging. “You’d find it difficult to go wrong with something like a Rhipsalis baccifera,” shares Jane Perrone, a Houseplant Expert. “I had a colleague back at The Guardian who had one on her desk forever. It didn’t grow, but it didn’t die either, it was just green and beautiful. “She didn’t care for it all – I’m sure there was some coffee thrown in there at some point! I love the Rhipsalis genus.” 35) Snake Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Sansevieria trifasciata HARDINESS RATING: H1B FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once every 2 weeks Variously known as Snake Plant and (rather unkindly) mother-in-law’s tongue, sansevierias are another wildly popular choice for household cultivation. The stiff, upright leaves are instantly recognisable and there is a wide range of colours and patterns to choose from, but variegated forms may require more care than others. 36) Slipper Orchid BOTANICAL NAME: Paphiopedilum HARDINESS RATING: H1A FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer / Autumn / Winter SUNLIGHT: Medium, indirect light WATERING: Twice per week Orchids are exotic and enticing house plants, but many of them demand exposure to direct sunlight. Not so with slipper orchids. Not only are they among the most shade-tolerant varieties out there, but their arresting petals and sometimes mottled foliage make them a showstopper and statement-maker, to boot. 37) Spider Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Chlorophytum comosum HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once per week A firm favourite in British homes for decades, spider plants can bring classic charm to their surroundings. Characterised by light, arching leaves that cascade beautifully over the edge of their container, they’re perfect for an elevated display. 38) Staghorn Fern BOTANICAL NAME: Platycerium superbum HARDINESS RATING: H1A SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Every 1-2 weeks The staghorn fern must have some of the most architecturally interesting foliage of any plant anywhere. Native to the rainforests of Papua New Guinea, its robust, probing fronds stretch out enquiringly like the antlers of that cervid monarch of the glen. Certain to draw attention to itself. 39) String Of Pearls BOTANICAL NAME: Senecio rowleyanus HARDINESS RATING: H2 FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Bright, direct light WATERING: Once every 2 weeks As the name suggests, this dainty succulent features lengths of green globes along its stringy stems, meaning it’s another excellent choice for hanging or trailing. The species requires little in the way of upkeep other than sufficient light and water, and mature specimens can live for five years or more. 40) Umbrella Tree BOTANICAL NAME: Schefflera arboricola HARDINESS RATING: H1C SUNLIGHT: Bright, indirect light WATERING: Once every 10 days In its native Taiwan, the umbrella tree can reach an astonishing 10 feet in height. Of course, that’s likely far too tall for most homeowners, but the good news is that its growth is easily kept in line when potted. The green-and-yellow foliage makes it a head-turner, whatever its stature. One Final Word Of Warning Master Horticulturist Dan Ori offers a final word of warning – whichever houseplant type you choose to grow: “In my experience, success with houseplants can be 50% deliberate neglect, 40% right plant right place and 10% your intervention. “What kills most houseplants is overwatering (or allowing them to sit in water that can’t drain away). “If we don’t kill them by drowning, then placing a tender plant in a draught or in direct sunlight will probably see them fail, but if we have managed not to kill them with poor placement, forgetting to water them or check them over for pests and other problems will most likely do the job. “It is a balancing act of action and inaction, but choosing a suitable spot for the plant in your home will hugely help.” References 1. Streptocarpus. (n.d.). North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/streptocarpus/ 2. Fluorine Toxicity in Plants. (2020, May 12). Pacific Northwest Pest Management Handbooks. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/pathogen-articles/nonpathogenic-phenomena/fluorine-toxicity-plants
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How Master Horticulturist Dan Ori Uses Low Growing Shrubs To 'Knit His Planting Together'
IN THIS GUIDE Shrubs For Spring Interest Shrubs For Summer Interest Shrubs For Autumn & Winter Interest References I find that low-growing shrubs can be very useful to create ground cover in beds or borders or to create low boundary hedges between different parts of your garden. When chosen carefully they can be very useful, adding interest and appeal to your garden all year-round. To narrow down your choices somewhat, the first things to think of include: Climatic conditions in your garden. Your soil type and the properties of the soil where you live. Whether you are looking for a small shrub for full sun, partial or deep shade. You will also need to consider where and how exactly you would like to grow your low-growing shrubs. I typically use low-growing and small shrubs in the garden for: Creating low bed edging, boundaries between different ‘garden rooms’ or low hedges. Bringing structure in the middle or towards the front of beds or borders. Growing in containers to bring interest to a patio or courtyard area. “When planting low-growing shrubs in your garden, you have a great opportunity to knit together the existing planting by using a selection technique called ‘something different, something the same'” shares Horticultural Consultant Dan Ori. “For example, if you have a Weigela florida ‘Nana Variegata’ in your border, you could then plant the blue flowered variegated leaf Vinca major ‘Variegata’ near it. “After, plant something else blue or variegated to match the Vinca major and something pink to match the Weigela florida.” Once you have decided how you would like to use small shrubs and where you will be growing them, you can begin to think about how the shrubs might look throughout the year. Consider when they have their main season of interest, and also, what the shrubs might offer for you, wildlife, and other plants growing in your garden. Any list of low-growing and small shrubs must of course be highly selective, but here are fifteen of my favourite picks for interest and utility throughout the year: Shrubs For Spring Interest 1) Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens COMMON NAME(S): Creeping Blue Blossom HARDINESS RATING: H4 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Clay, loam, sand; Alkaline or neutral pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 2.5-4m spread Ceanothus can be a useful plant because it is not only beautiful, with stunning blue flowers, but it also fixes nitrogen.1 This can potentially be beneficial for other plants growing close by. It is also a great ground cover plant for sheltered and sunny positions, as it grows well on slopes and can reach up to around 90cm in height. I have a large Ceanothus at the foot of my garden and it is absolutely swarming with bees when in flower (usually at the beginning of June). While this usually only lasts a few weeks, it typically flowers again in late September – though I must admit this bloom is far less showy than its early summer show. 2) Cytisus × beanii COMMON NAME(S): Bean’s Broom HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread In the Fabaceae plant family, Bean’s broom is another nitrogen-fixing plant.2 It is a semi-prostrate shrub which can be grown even in areas with poor soils, in free-draining conditions in full sun. With its green, linear leaves and bright, cheerful yellow flowers that bloom in late spring or early summer, it can be useful for a range of tricky garden spots. 3) Genista tinctoria COMMON NAME(S): Dyer’s Greenwood HARDINESS RATING: H6 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Another nitrogen-fixing shrub is commonly known as ‘Dyers greenweed’. As the name suggests, this plant is also useful for a good quality yellow dye obtained from its flowers and young shoots.3 Placing the plants around 45cm apart can give good ground cover. It is also not only ornamental but also great for wildlife in your garden. It grows well in light and even poor soil in a sunny position and is H6 hardy. 4) Skimmia japonica ‘Nymans’ COMMON NAME(S): Skimmia ‘Nymans’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: White FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring FRUIT SEASON(S): Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Shade / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Chalk, loam; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 1-1.5m spread There are a number of smaller Skimmias that can be great choices if you are looking for a small and low-growing shrub. ‘Nymans’ is one great option to consider. It has narrow, elliptical, dark green, evergreen foliage and bears clusters of white flowers in spring, as well as bright red berries in autumn. It is great for attracting wildlife to your garden in moist but well-drained soil or growing medium in full or partial shade. 5) Vinca major ‘Variegata’ COMMON NAME(S): Variegated Greater Periwinkle HARDINESS RATING: H6 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Blue and purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Full Shade / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread This evergreen sub-shrub has beautiful, variegated foliage and violet flowers which open from spring to autumn. It is H6 hardy in the UK. It is ideal for a huge range of situations, from full sun through to full shade and can spread to create an excellent ground cover. For example, I would typically use Vinca major as a good choice for creating cover below deciduous trees. Shrubs For Summer Interest 6) Caryopteris × clandonensis ‘Heavenly Blue’ COMMON NAME(S): Bluebeard ‘Heavenly Blue’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 1-1.5m spread This beautiful shrub with small blue flowers that bloom in the late summer and into autumn is a great choice for a sheltered and free-draining site in full sun. It is H4 hardy and is a good pick for attracting pollinators and other beneficial insects to your garden. ‘Heavenly Blue’ particularly will thrive in a small courtyard garden, in a container, or in a position near a sunny, warm wall. 7) Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote’ COMMON NAME(S): English Lavender ‘Hidcote’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Purple FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Lavender is one of the best-known low shrubs. It can be perfect in full sun and free-draining conditions, for creating bed edging or for growing alongside pathways. Lavender is wonderful for wildlife and also has a wide range of uses inside your home. 8) Ruta graveolens ‘Jackman’s Blue’ COMMON NAME(S): Rue ‘Jackman’s Blue’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer FRUIT SEASON(S): Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed SOIL PREFERENCE: Loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Rue can be an excellent companion plant for fruit trees, fruiting shrubs, and roses, amongst others. It will grow in any moderately fertile and well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade, and is also H5 hardy. ‘Jackman’s Blue’ is one popular cultivar to consider. It has traditionally been thought of as good for repelling certain pest species which is why it is commonly used as a companion plant.4 9) Rosmarinus officinalis ‘Erectus’ COMMON NAME(S): Rosemary ‘Miss Jessopp’s Upright’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Blue FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Chalk, loam, sand; any pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread Rosemary is of course a well-known Mediterranean culinary herb. It can also be useful, like lavender, for making low hedgerows, and can be beneficial as a companion plant in certain situations. It thrives in full sun, in free draining conditions, and is H4 hardy. 10) Thymus vulgaris COMMON NAME(S): Common Thyme HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Chalk, loam, sand; Alkaline or neutral pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Another small shrub which is also a culinary herb is thyme. There are many different cultivars and types to choose from. Thyme can often be a great choice for the front of beds or borders, and for creating ground cover in a sunny and free-draining spot. Shrubs For Autumn & Winter Interest Winter heathers are other small shrubs which can be wonderful in a range of settings, flowering at a time of the year when there are often fewer blooms available. They add winter interest to your garden and also bring benefits for early pollinators. Here are my five favourites: 11) Erica x darleyensis ‘Darley Dale’ COMMON NAME(S): Heather ‘Darley Dale’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Pink FLOWERING SEASON(S): Winter / Spring SUNLIGHT: Full Sun EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; any pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread ‘Darley Dale’ is one attractive cultivar to consider. It has pink and white tipped foliage in spring, and pink flowers borne from late winter into early spring. Grow it in full sun, in well-drained soil or growing medium. 12) Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald Gaiety’ COMMON NAME(S): Spindle ‘Emerald Gaiety’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Green FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 1-1.5m spread A great shrub and foliage plant for full sun or partial shade, Euonymus fortunei offers beautiful rounded leaves with white margins, which are pink-tinged in the winter. It is H5 hardy and can spread to create an excellent ground cover. Tolerant of clipping, this shrub is one of my favourites as it can also make a great formal low hedge. 13) Gaultheria procumbens COMMON NAME(S): Checkerberry HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Pink and white FLOWERING SEASON(S): Summer FRUIT SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Shade / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Clay, loam, sand; Alkaline or Acid pH SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread This small evergreen shrub, also known as wintergreen, and by a range of other names, has leathery leaves, fragrant when crushed, which take on a reddish blush in winter. The plant has small bell-shaped flowers in white or pink in summer, followed by bright red berries. This is an excellent plant for ground cover in moist but well-drained acidic or neutral soil in full or partial shade, and it is H5 hardy. This shrub is also great for wildlife. 14) Mahonia aquifolium ‘Apollo’ COMMON NAME(S): Oregon Grape ‘Apollo’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 FOLIAGE TYPE: Evergreen FLOWERS: Yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring FRUIT SEASON(S): Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Shade / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; any pH SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 1-1.5m spread This is a compact cultivar of the shrub known as ‘oregon grape’. It has leaves which take on a somewhat purplish hue in winter and bears bright yellow flowers in late winter and into early spring, which are followed by edible berries. A great choice for full or partial shade, this small shrub works very well in a forest garden like mine or in a woodland setting. 15) Potentilla fruticosa COMMON NAME(S): Shrubby Cinquefoil HARDINESS RATING: H7 FOLIAGE TYPE: Deciduous FLOWERS: Yellow FLOWERING SEASON(S): Spring / Summer / Autumn SUNLIGHT: Full Sun / Partial Shade EXPOSURE: Exposed / Sheltered SOIL PREFERENCE: Any soil type; any pH SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread H7 hardy and able to cope with a wide range of conditions, shrubby cinquefoil can be a great choice for full sun or partial shade. With flowers that are borne in early autumn, it can be great for pollinators and other wildlife. This plant can work well as an informal low hedge and some forms work well as ground cover. Of course, these are just a few of the many, many options for low-growing and small shrubs that you could consider, but perhaps they may help you find inspiration for your own garden. References 1. Russell, S., & Evans, H. (1967, June). The Nitrogen-Fixing Capacity of Ceanothus velutinus. Oxford Academic: Forest Science. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://academic.oup.com/forestscience/article-abstract/12/2/164/4709415 2. Wheeler, C., Helgerson, O., Perry, D., & Gordon, J. (1987, April). Nitrogen Fixation and Biomass Accumulation in Plant Communities Dominated by Cytisus scoparius L. in Oregon and Scotland. JSTOR. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2403800 3. Dyeing with Dyer’s Greenweed. (n.d.). Wild Colours Natural Dyes. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from http://www.wildcolours.co.uk/html/greenweed.html 4. Tirreell, R. (1973, July 29). Rue and Tansy Protect Crops As Natural Insecticides. The New York Times. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/1973/07/29/archives/rue-and-tansy-protect-crops-as-natural-insecticides.html
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