Growing
Elizabeth Waddington's 15 Alpine Plants That Love Free-Draining Troughs
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Androsace 2) Aquilegia 3) Armeria 4) Campanula 5) Dianthus 6) Draba aizoides 7) Gentiana 8) Globularia 9) Phlox 10) Primula 11) Ramonda myconi 12) Saxifraga 13) Sedum 14) Sempervivum tectorum 15) Veronica prostrata References Growing alpine plants can be a great, relatively low maintenance choice for many gardens. And one of the easiest ways to grow these plants is in troughs. Remember, when positioning a trough, that most alpine plants will prefer a full sun location. Though, as you will discover in this article, there are also plenty of alpine plants that are suitable for a trough in partial shade. When choosing alpine plants for troughs, be sure to think about the growing medium with which you fill your container, and of course, the environmental conditions. “Although not all alpine plants are true alpines, i.e., from mountain slopes, this is a good place to start when thinking about the growing media for alpine plantings,” says expert Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “Mountain slopes are generally free-draining but receive plentiful rainfall, particularly in winter. “Add plenty of sharp drainage to your compost mix, such as horticultural grits, gravels and sharp sand. “This should ensure that water flows quickly through the roots whilst the compost holds on to some moisture.” It is important to think about exactly where the trough is located – how sunny or shaded the location is, how protected from heavy rains, temperatures, humidity and how exposed the area is to strong winds.1 To help you begin to make your plant choices, we will run through fifteen alpine plants that can make fantastic choices for a trough garden. 1) Androsace Androsace sempervivum The first of our top choices for an alpine trough garden is Androsace sempervivum – sempervivum leaved rock jasmine. This dainty flowering plant is in the Primulaceae plant family. It is an evergreen perennial that forms mats, with sprays of little pinkish or mauve flowers around 1cm in diameter which appear in the spring. These are fantastic for a trough in full sun, with a free-draining medium. Other Androsace also work well in troughs, including A. carnea, A. chamaejasme, and A. pyrenaica. 2) Aquilegia Many varieties of Aquilegia also work extremely well in troughs. One great option, for example, is Aquilegia bertolonii, otherwise known as Bertoloni columbine. This deciduous perennial in the Ranunculaceae family is native to South-East France and North-West Italy. It has beautiful violet flowers born in groups of up to four on erect stems. The plants grow to a height of around 30cm, and can thrive in either full sun or partial shade. Aquilegia saximontana is another useful alpine plant for a trough that will be located in partial shade. 3) Armeria Amongst the many thrifts that will work well in an alpine trough, Armeria juniperifolia stands out as an excellent choice. This is a compact perennial. It is evergreen and forms dense mats that spread to around 30cm. In the late spring, pale pink flowers will appear above these mats of foliage on stems that are around 2-5cm in height. Coming from central Spain, this is an alpine suited to a trough in full sun and well-drained conditions. 4) Campanula Campanula of many species and varieties are go-to plants for many alpine gardens. Birch-leaved bellflower, C. betulifolia, Tommasini bellflower, C. tommasiniana and Rainer’s harebell, C. raineri, are all good options to consider, for example. The first of these two can thrive in full sun or partial shade, while the last on this list is best for full sun conditions, and must be protected from winter wet. 5) Dianthus Dianthus alpinus is another go-to for alpine trough gardens. Alpine pinks are hardy, mat-forming perennials with pretty pink flowers up to 4cm wide. Native to the eastern Alps, these flowers tend to be short-lived, but they look good and perform wonderfully when placed in a well-drained trough in full sun. Other Dianthus to consider for a trough include D. freynii, D. microlepsis, and D. subacaulis, for example. 6) Draba aizoides Draba aizoides Draba aizoides, also known as whitlow grass, is another great plant to consider for troughs. It is another mat-forming perennial alpine plant which has bright yellow flowers which bloom in the late spring. It is native to the mountains of south and central Europe, and you may be surprised to learn that it is a member of the Brassicaceae, or ‘cabbage family’. This is another alpine that will enjoy a trough that is free-draining, and placed in full sun. 7) Gentiana Gentiana also work well in troughs, adding plenty of visual interest with their trumpet-shaped flowers. Gentiana acaulis, large-flowered gentian, for example, can be a great choice. It can work well not just for troughs in full sun but also for those in light shade. Like other perennial, evergreen alpines, it is great for forming ground cover (around 30cm across) on a trough or other alpine container. You might also consider other gentians, such as G. saxosa, for example. 8) Globularia Globularia cordifolia is another of the mat-forming, evergreen perennials that we would recommend for growing in troughs. It forms ground cover with tiny, cute little spoon-shaped leaves, and sends up charming little light purple/lavender flowers in the summer months. These plants, like so many other alpine plants, will do best in full sun, and require free-draining conditions. Other Globularia, such as G. repens and G. meridionalis, are also well-worth considering. 9) Phlox Phlox douglasii Phlox is another rewarding plant genus to look into when you are choosing alpine plants for troughs. Mat-forming Phlox douglasii such as ‘Crackerjack’, ‘Rose Cushion’ or ‘Iceberg’ can work extremely well in a trough that is placed in full sun or partial shade. They flower from late spring and through the summer months, with pretty flowers in a range of hues. Phlox bifida – ‘Alba’ for example, can also work very well in similar conditions. 10) Primula Many Primula varieties also work well in troughs. One option that we would recommend that you consider is P. farinosa. P. auricula, P. ‘Beatrice Wooster’ and P. marginata are all also excellent options to think about. Most Primulas will be equally at home in full sun or partial shade, as long as they are provided with suitably well-drained conditions in their trough. 11) Ramonda myconi The Pyrean violet, Ramonda myconi, is another evergreen perennial alpine plant that we would recommend for a moist but well-drained trough that is placed in partial shade. Not just for their pretty flowers which bloom in late spring and summer, but also for their interesting wrinkled and hairy leaves. Grow these on their sides at the edges of a trough to avoid water accumulating in the rosettes, which can cause rotting in winter. 12) Saxifraga Saxifrages in an alpine trough A huge number of saxifrages are ideal for alpine troughs. Just a few examples of the saxifrages to consider are S. hypnoides, S. ‘Silver Cushion’ and S. paniculata. ‘Lavagreana’, ‘Rosea’ and ‘Venetia’ for example, are three S. paniculata cultivars that have gained the RHS’s Award of Garden Merit. Though of course there are many, many more saxifrages to consider for a trough that has very good drainage, with alkaline or neutral soil. 13) Sedum Sedums are also go-to choices, and there are many different Sedums that can work well in an alpine trough garden. Amongst the Sedums that we would recommend are S. spathulifolium ‘Purpureum’ – purple spoon-leaved stonecrop – which looks great year-round in a sunny or part shaded position. And Sedum acre, such as ‘Golden Queen’. S. cauticola could be another option to consider. 14) Sempervivum tectorum The common houseleek is a well-known choice, but that is no reason to exclude it from this list. There is a reason why this alpine succulent is such a popular choice – both for use inside the home, and for planting outdoors in alpine troughs and containers. The fleshy rosettes on these plants, with their reddish-purple tinge, look great year-round. So though they may not be the most original choice, they are still an excellent plant to consider when planning an alpine trough in a full sun position. Just make sure that the plants are protected from excessive winter rainfall. 15) Veronica prostrata Last but not least, Veronica prostrata ‘Nana’ is another great choice. This charming speedwell is great for forming ground cover and creating mats of dark green foliage in an alpine garden. Then in late spring/early summer, the vibrant blue flowers will appear. Placing this in a trough can really show it off to its best advantage, and help make sure that its lovely display is not lost amid other vegetation. References 1. International Rock Gardener. (n.d.). International Rock Gardener. Retrieved March 9, 2023, from https://www.srgc.org.uk/logs/logdir/2018Feb221519324634IRG98.pdf
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These 10 Perennial Flowers Bloom All Summer For A Riot Of Colour
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Gerbera Daisies 2) Lantana Bush 3) Butterfly Bush 4) Creeping Buttercup 5) Hyssop 6) Golden Feverfew 7) Begonia 8) Geranium 9) Red Hot Poker Plant 10) Azalea References With only a little effort you can bring a panoply of floral shapes in a riotous medley of colours to your garden all summer long – and, indeed, before and after summer! Conical inflorescences, ‘red hot’ spikes, and bona fide multi-petalled flowers, in every colour of the rainbow from the palest tint to the most intense hue, can be grown throughout the United Kingdom. Let’s admit it: we all love plants that bloom all summer long. “My favourite plants bloom during early summer, which is why it is my favourite time to be in the garden,” shares Alley Marie Jordan, a Garden Historian. “I want to experience a garden in its most bounteous, at its fullest, highest potential. After all, that is the ideal, and with designed gardens, we are chasing an ideal that usually occurs in summer!” Who wouldn’t like to sow and care for just once, and then lie back and revel in lustrous multi-coloured blooms from before June even begins to after the end of August, year after year? What follows is a wonderful ’Top Ten’ assortment of flowering plants that will keep your garden bathed in blooms all summer long. We do not toss out vague or sketchy species or flower names but precisely identify series or varieties that, under non-adverse conditions, will bloom clear through summer – yes, that’s 1st June to 31st August. In fact, a good few will begin flowering from April, even more will bloom well into September, and some will do both! We present species that originate in China and those that are out of Africa; plants that are tallish and others that are dwarfish; blooms that are in pastels and pinks and more that are in vivid vermilion; and flowers that are but tiny florets in panicles and big huge blossoms that are 10cm across. Linking all these richly varied plant properties are two objective facts: our choices are all perennials, be they deciduous or evergreen, and they bloom all summer long! 1) Gerbera Daisies BOTANICAL NAME: Gerbera garvinea RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Sweet Surprise’, ‘Sweet Memories’, ‘Fleurie’ HARDINESS RATING: H3 MONTHS IN BLOOM: MAY-NOVEMBER PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN; SHELTERED Our Gerbera recommendation covers only Gerbera garvinea, not G. jamesonii or any other species or series. G. garvinea is a relatively new series that is more robust and disease-free than other species and series. Most importantly, this series’ varieties typically begin to bloom in spring and wind up in autumn or even later, providing a spectacular floral display for nearly half the year! Choose any of the following: ‘Sylvana’ (pure white), ‘Orangina’ (yellow-orange), ‘Sweet Surprise’ (orchid pink), ‘Sweet Memories’ (salmon pink), and ‘Fleurie’ (deep red). All bear drop-dead gorgeous double flowers of about 5cm. What is more, they are prolific bloomers – simply deadhead regularly to encourage fresh blooms. Grow G. garvinea in a loose, very well-drained loam of a slightly acidic pH. Direct, full sun in the morning is welcome but afternoon sun should be filtered or indirect. Water well but allow the soil to just dry out between waterings. The root ball should be right at the surface of the soil to guard against root rot. Simply protect these plants from frost; if grown in pots then bring the plants indoors in the winter. Though great in beds, these flowers are a fantastic choice for growing in decorative pots to put on verandahs, parapets, and balconies, and for hanging them off pergolas, beams, and posts. The flowers are equally fantastic for cutting and gifting in a bouquet because of their astonishing vase life. The disk-shaped, many-petalled, vibrant Gerbera has a unique unsubtle and direct charm that brings joy both indoors and outdoors. 2) Lantana Bush BOTANICAL NAME: Lantana camara RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Feston Rose’ (Pictured), ‘Yellow Sage’ HARDINESS RATING: H1C MONTHS IN BLOOM: MAY-OCTOBER PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN; SHELTERED You’d have to be very unlucky to choose a Lantana variety that does not bloom all through summer. In fact, the odds are that whatever variety you choose, it will start blooming before summer and continue blooming well after summer. Lantana is an evergreen bush that is so strong and fast-spreading that in some regions it is considered an invasive weed! It is beyond us how anyone could use the word ‘weed’ for a bush that has ideally-shaped emerald-green leaves and gorgeous bunches and clusters of florets that are both richly hued and multi-coloured, and are fragrant to boot. Choose from ‘Feston Rose,’ ‘Yellow Sage,’ or any cultivar from the ‘Landmark’ or ‘Lucky’ series. Colours include white, off-white, and pinks, yellows, and oranges from the palest pastel to the most saturated hue. As a bonus, you get bees and butterflies with it. L. camara ‘Feston Rose’ Lantana is truly easy to grow and just as easy to care for. It does not even need regular watering and flourishes in baking sun! The sole concern is that you will need to protect outdoor plants in winter in many regions of the United Kingdom. If grown outdoors, the root ball and stem should be protected from the cold but it is easier to grow it in a large container and bring it indoors in the winter. Full sun and southern exposure best suit this plant. Though just about any type of soil will do, a balanced loam mix with a slightly acidic pH will be ideal. It is very ‘friendly’ to bees and butterflies and will attract these visitors in droves. Lantana’s profusion of sometimes top-heavy floret-clusters will also delight visitors of the human kind. 3) Butterfly Bush BOTANICAL NAME: Buddleja RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Flutterby Petite’ Series HARDINESS RATING: H6 MONTHS IN BLOOM: JULY-OCTOBER PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN Buddleja are deciduous perennials that are indigenous to China. Though quite a number of Buddleja species and varieties have extended flowering seasons, ‘Flutterby Petite’ Series’s cultivars bloom from the start of summer well into autumn. They are remarkably easy-grow and low-maintenance varieties that are drought-tolerant. The word Petite is not quite accurate because these varieties range from 60-90cm in height with a similar spread. Flutterby Petite Buddleja have a habit that is bushy but not dense, with gently arching, swaying stems and stalks. Choose from ‘Tutti Frutti Pink’ (Magenta-Pink), ‘Blue Heaven’ (Lilac), and ‘Snow White’ (snow white!). The first two varieties’ flowers are sweetly fragrant; the third ones are unscented. These plants can be grown in any halfway decent soil but preferably a fertile loam of compost, chalk and sand. Soil should be well-drained – what they appreciate more than anything else is full sun. What you will appreciate is that while Buddleja is well-known to be fast-spreading, invasive, and destructive to native ecosystems, the ‘Flutterby Petite’ Series plants are sterile and produce no or few seeds. And what you will appreciate even more are the masses of frothy, conical inflorescences with delightful little florets which will draw every butterfly and hummingbird in the neighbourhood. Generally hardy through H6 they can be enjoyed virtually anywhere in the United Kingdom. They are excellent to grow in broad containers, in mixed beds and as borders for walkways. 4) Creeping Buttercup BOTANICAL NAME: Ranunculus repens HARDINESS RATING: H7 MONTHS IN BLOOM: MAY-SEPTEMBER PREFERRED ASPECT: ANY (CONSIDERED INVASIVE) It is invasive. It is a ‘rampant weed.’ It’ll colonise even damp, wet soil! Among all the Buttercups, Creeping Buttercup, Ranunculus repens, has the worst press. It’s also the Buttercup species that will bloom reliably from the beginning of summer – if not earlier – to the end of summer – if not later! “We are starting to rethink what were once regarded as problem weeds,” shares Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “Ranunculus repens is one of those ‘weeds’. Whilst it can tend to run through a border too readily, it is a fantastic plant in a damp area of grass that can be grown as an area of meadow. “In competitive habitats like a meadow or even just less frequently mown grass, its tendency to take over is kept in check and can be appreciated by us as well as wildlife.” We do not say that Creeping Buttercup is ‘easy to grow’ because once it gets into your garden it will grow by itself! Indeed, many gardeners grapple with the question of how easy or difficult it is to control. Nonetheless, this article is about flowers that bloom all summer long and this zero-care deciduous perennial fits the bill to a ’T.’ What’s more, it brings forth masses of delightful little flowers. This plant grows on runners and has a prostrate creeping habit, and as the foliage is a brilliant emerald-green it makes for truly attractive ground cover. Creeping Buttercup loves damp soils but is not fussy about soil type or pH. Our Buttercup selection does not provide any choices in varieties or colour; there’s just one colour, but it is the richest, sunniest, cheeriest hue of yellow there can be. Furthermore, it blooms profusely, and its wee-little, simple, five-petalled wildflowers are the exemplar of ‘simple joys.’ Weed or not, you can’t beat this variety for its brand of simple good cheer all summer long. Just be careful not to let it take over your garden; you can do so by surrounding it with inhospitable and non-damp soils and by cutting off the stolons. 5) Hyssop BOTANICAL NAME: Agastache RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Blue Boa’, ‘Kudos Ambrosia’, ‘Kudos Gold’, ‘Kudos Mandarin’, ‘Kudos Silver Blue’, ‘Kudos Yellow’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 MONTHS IN BLOOM: JUNE-OCTOBER PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN A garden stunner, an Agastache or Hyssop plant can simply overwhelm the viewer with the incredible profusion of its flowers, the vibrancy of its hues, the gentle graceful swaying in the breeze, and even the wafting fragrance. This plant is very easy to grow and you are virtually assured of summer-long blooms going into autumn if you choose from ‘Blue Boa’ (deep purple), ‘Kudos Ambrosia’ (pink-to-rose), ‘Kudos Gold’ (amber-gold), ‘Kudos Mandarin’ (Mandarin orange), ‘Kudos Silver Blue’ (silvery lilac), and ‘Kudos Yellow’ (bright yellow). And then there’s ‘Little Adder’ (lavender-to-mauve), the long-blooming champion which will begin its show before summer and continue deep into autumn. Because these varieties are of different series, their heights and spreads vary widely with some being taller than wider, and others having a wider spread than height. But all of them bear lots and lots of big, thick, erect spikes with bunches of florets. Agastache or Hyssop need full sun and very well-drained soil. Other than that they are low-care plants that are generally disease-free and pest-resistant. They will bring bees, butterflies and hummingbirds to your garden like there’s no tomorrow. Because the primary criteria for our selections is all-summer-blooms, the recommended varieties of Agastache turn out to have diverse habits and, as a result, are best suited for different garden purposes. For example, ‘Kudos Silver Blue’ is perfect for edging long paths and walkways and to serve as a companion plant for tall, erect species; on the other hand, ‘Blue Boa’ is just as perfect to plant in the rear of beds, especially against the back of marigolds, and to grow against verandahs and fences. 6) Golden Feverfew BOTANICAL NAME: Tanacetum parthenium RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Aureum’ (Pictured) HARDINESS RATING: H6 MONTHS IN BLOOM: JULY-SEPTEMBER PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN Resembling rather a daisy but actually a type of chrysanthemum, Golden Feverfew will just about give you a veritable mat of lovely wildflowers from the start of June until the close of August. However, it brings unexpected ‘extras’ to the garden. To begin with, the pinnate lobed leaves are of a light, bright, almost shiny green that makes for awesome foliage. And this foliage emits a fresh, humusy scent that will remind you of the countryside. The plant forms rounded clumps that are wider than they are taller, being 45-60cm in spread and 30-45cm in height. Because of its form it is perfect for the front of beds, for edging walkways, and as groundcover. It can also be grown in containers provided they are kept outdoors in a sunny spot. Though the plant is a perennial, it is a short-lived one so let some flowers go to seed and deadhead most; that way you’ll never be short of blooms and will always have new Feverfew plants. There’s more to Feverfew than all-summer flowers, though. It also contains Pyrethrin so it is a nature-made insect repellant.1 But to return to our subject at hand, reminiscent of alpine wildflowers, Golden Feverfew’s happy little blooms are like flat disks with pure white petals emanating from a biggish golden yellow centre. And each plant produces loads and loads of them! 7) Begonia RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Nonstop’ Series (Pictured) HARDINESS RATING: H1B MONTHS IN BLOOM: MAY-OCTOBER PREFERRED ASPECT: PART SHADE A ubiquitous garden favourite on both sides of the Atlantic, Begonia surely makes everyone’s list of all-summer-long flowering plants. Many varieties start blooming in spring and tail off only near the end of autumn. As an ‘easy out’ as well as a sure thing we recommend the ‘Nonstop’ series of Tuberous Begonias but like as not you can draw a variety name out of a hat and it will give you flowers through summer and perhaps even more. Take ‘Hanging Basket Scarlet’ and ‘Bossa Nova Pure White,’ to throw out two examples. As for the Nonstop series, they bear fully double rose-like flowers that are up to a staggering 10cm across. Moreover, they produce a sea of blooms and do so continuously. We recommend the Nonstop ‘Pink,’ ‘Red,’ ‘Orange,’ and ‘Yellow’ varieties. Begonia ‘Mocca’ The one concern is that Begonia ‘Nonstops’ are tender perennials which are hardy only to H1B. As such, the tubers will not survive the winter in any region of the United Kingdom and so you have a choice. Grow ‘Nonstops’ in (largeish) containers and overwinter them indoors or in a heated greenhouse, or dig up the tubers, dry them, and store them for the winter. The only other concern is the possibility of powdery mildew. Other than that these are strong plants that are low-maintenance. They like part sun, part shade, and are best grown in a fertile sandy loam of pH slightly acidic. They have a bushy mounding habit with 40-60cm spread but only 20-30cm in height so we suggest that you grow these terrific plants in a portable planter and set them on the patio and the garden spring through autumn. 8) Geranium RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Mavis Simpson’, ‘Orion’, ‘Ann Folkard’, ‘Rozanne’ (Pictured) HARDINESS RATING: H6 MONTHS IN BLOOM: JUNE – AUGUST PREFERRED ASPECT: ANY Colourful, low-care, hardy, pest-resistant, disease-free, fairly drought tolerant…the virtues of some varieties of Geranium are such as to make them an automatic choice for any British garden. Some varieties are possibly among the easiest and most trouble-free bushes you can grow. You could try any and all of ‘Mavis Simpson’ (light lilac-pink), ‘Orion’ (gentle lavender blue with a pale eye), ‘Ann Folkard’ (vivid magenta with black eye), and ‘Rozanne’ (gradated purple). Let’s not quibble about summer, these babies flower from late spring to mid-autumn! The four varieties we have selected range from 30-120cm in height and 60-120cm in spread. They have a bushy habit that may be clumping or mounding in form. All four are RHS Award of Garden Merit recipients. Geranium ‘Mavis Simpson’ In the UK these Geraniums are best planted in full sun but part shade will be fine too. They are not too particular about soil; all they ask is that it be well-drained and kept moist in the summer. Any reasonable loam mix will work very well. What you need to do is to remove old foliage and flowers to promote fresh growth. Geranium bushes will keep growing, gently, gently, without ever trying to take over your garden. The open, slightly cuppy, happy-go-lucky five-petalled flowers are from 3-5cm, and you’ll see scads and scads of them! The broad, sharply serrated, deep green leaves make for very pleasant foliage too. These fuss-free and versatile flowering bushes are ideal for cottage-style gardens, as companion plants to tall specimen plants, mass plantings in beds, and even as groundcover. 9) Red Hot Poker Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Kniphofia RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Incandesce’ (Pictured), ‘Elvira’, ‘Jenny Bloom’, ‘Mango Popsicle’, ‘Timothy’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 MONTHS IN BLOOM: JUNE-OCTOBER PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN; EXPOSED Stalks averaging 1m, ramrod straight, bearing spikes of densely-packed tube-shaped florets in vibrant hues in the yellow-vermilion spectrum. And that’s why this floral present from South Africa is called ‘Red Hot Poker’. Several varieties bloom all through the summer with one or two starting in spring or finishing in autumn, or even both. In order of flowering season, from longest to least long, these varieties are ‘Elvira’ (flame orange), ‘Jenny Bloom’ (cream-orange gradated), ‘Mango Popsicle’ (deep orange), Timothy (peach), and ‘Incandesce’ (deep orange). Because the colour of the spikes fades as they grow and mature, they are gradated with the base being paler and the growing tip of a more vivid hue. Kniphofia ‘Mango Popsicle’ Be aware that Kniphofia guzzles water; at the same time, it cannot stand waterlogged soil! Very well-drained loam mainly of organic compost and sand is ideal. In summer they need frequent watering. They are disease-free and pest-resistant but be sure that the root ball is not deep in the soil. Care is limited to trimming the plants in spring and deadheading in the flowering season but you can allow the plants to self-seed, and be surprised and delighted with nature-made new shades and tints. In most regions of England and Wales the plant’s own withered foliage is sufficient to protect it from frost. The plant as a whole is a spectacular one as the ‘torch’ or ‘poker’-like shafts with their blazing, fiery racemes catch and hold the eye and will make your guests go, “Wow, what’s that plant!” Besides pulling eyes, these out-of-the-ordinary flowers also pull bees and hummingbirds. Red Hot Poker is a brilliant choice for mass plantings, borders of walkways and driveways, and against verandahs, decks, and fences. 10) Azalea RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Encore’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 MONTHS IN BLOOM: JULY-SEPTEMBER PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL / PART SUN Closing out our list is a googly (or a curveball, depending on your sport and your nationality). That’s because Azaleas are associated with spring, and their flowering season closes before the end of summer. But ‘Encore’ Azaleas are a different beast altogether. While many ‘Encore’ Azalea varieties are re-bloomers, some are continuous bloomers, especially if you follow the instructions, and also deadhead. Azaleas are unquestionably among the loveliest of flowers on top of which some varieties, including the ‘Encore’ series, are profuse bloomers. Nothing could outdo the before-summer to after-summer blooms of ‘Autumn Sunburst Roblet’ (coral pink), ‘Autumn Majesty Roblezd’ (purple), ‘Autumn Bonfire Robleza’ (deep red), ‘Autumn Chiffon Robled’ (pale pink with rose flares and speckles), and ‘Autumn Ivory Roblev’ (white). All varieties are dwarves and their flowers measure 6cm or more! Azalea ‘Autumn Sunburst’ These Azaleas will do best in a good loam mix with some compost and organic manure. Soil pH should be slightly acidic to moderately acidic. The top of the root ball should be just above the surface; in no event should it be at all deep in the soil. The soil should be well-drained. The plants should get full sun through the morning and shade or part shade in the afternoons. Water regularly, though not frequently, such that the soil stays moist. If you live in a location that has mild winters, simply mulch the plant when winter arrives. You can delight in ‘Encore’ Azaleas in the UK’s northern regions too, provided you keep the plants in containers and overwinter them indoors or in a heated greenhouse. Azaleas are awesome anywhere and everywhere, from a small pot on a 0.3m windowsill to a mass planting in a 3m bed. Thank you for reading – we hope this article has inspired you to introduce more perennials in your garden! References 1. Bowman, N. M., Akialis, K., Cave, G., Barrera, R., Apperson, C. S., & Meshnick, S. R. (2018). Pyrethroid insecticides maintain repellent effect on knock-down resistant populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. PLOS ONE, 13(5), e0196410. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196410
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20 Hardy Perennials Perfect For Naturalistic, Dense Planting
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Foxglove 2) Cranesbill 3) Gold Dust 4) Tickseed 5) Mexican Fleabane 6) Alpine Aster 7) Yellow Mullein 8) Blanketflower 9) Catmint 10) Prairie Meadow 11) Masterwort 12) Peony 13) Stinking Hellebore 14) Ruthenian Globe Thistle 15) Lungwort 16) Rose Campion 17) Gooseneck Loosestrife 18) Strawberry 19) Goat’s Beard 20) Miss Willmott’s Ghost That’s not all! References The UK climate is the source of much conversation and, depending on where you live, consternation. These plants are well-suited to the UK climate which, even though we love to grumble about it, really isn’t as bad as some other parts of the world. “Hardy perennials from across the world have found a home in the UK gardens, making possible the herbaceous and mixed borders that are so much a feature of our horticultural heritage,” shares Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “They are increasingly being used to create more naturalistic, dense plantings. Whatever your chosen style, perennials are key to the atmosphere in any garden.” Each plant in this list will make a pleasant visual contribution to your garden, and they won’t require too much in the way of maintenance. For this list, we’ve chosen plants that are rated at least H5 on the Royal Horticultural Society’s (RHS) hardiness scale.1 These plants can comfortably handle temperatures below minus ten, so should stand in good stead to take whatever the UK weather throws at them. Each plant in the list is also a recipient of the RHS Award of Garden Merit, designating them as particularly suitable for growth in UK conditions.2 And what’s more, each plant is renowned for being especially attractive to bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. Choose next season’s plants from this list, and your garden will be a medley of colour and life by the time spring rolls round! 1) Foxglove BOTANICAL NAME: Digitalis purpurea RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘CAMELOT ROSE’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 HARDY TO: -10 to -15°C PREFERRED SPOT: PART SHADE FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER This short-lived perennial will stick around for a few years if treated well, and will bring its undeniable aesthetic to your garden for the duration. Foxglove’s tall, proud stems soar into the air, replete with multiple purple bell-shaped flowers. In the spring and summer, it’s rare that you’ll find your foxglove bee-free. They absolutely love it, and the high number of flowers provide a plentiful supply of tasty pollen. In terms of growing conditions, foxglove thrives in part shade. It can tolerate any aspect, and isn’t fussy in terms of exposure. Try to find a spot with loamy or sandy soil, and ensure it can drain well. Avoid alkali soil where possible. Once it reaches full size, your foxglove should reach heights of around 1-1.5m, with a spread of about half a metre. 2) Cranesbill BOTANICAL NAME: Geranium subcaulescens RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Splendens’, ‘Giuseppii’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 HARDY TO: -10 to -15°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE FLOWERING SEASON: SPRING / SUMMER Geranium subcaulescens ‘Splendens’ brings a recurring burst of purple to your garden in spring and summer. The ‘Splendens’ cultivar is a mat-forming plant, meaning it hangs fairly low to the ground. Many gardeners like to use mat-forming perennials to provide visual interest on the low levels of flowerbeds. A splash of colour near the ground can do wonders in highlighting the other colours above. ‘Splendens’ likes full sun or partial shade and isn’t fussy about aspect or exposure. It’s a bit more forgiving with soil types, too, tolerating chalk and clay alongside foxglove’s loam and sand. Soil acidity isn’t something to worry about, either. At full height, your ‘Splendens’ won’t surpass 10cm or so, thanks to its mat-forming tendencies. It will spread out to a range of about 0.5m, meaning you can enjoy it without having to worry about it engulfing nearby plants or paths. 3) Gold Dust BOTANICAL NAME: Aurinia saxatilis HARDINESS RATING: H5 HARDY TO: -10 to -15°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL SUN; EXPOSED FLOWERING SEASON: SPRING / SUMMER This plant really is something to behold. Its 4-petalled flowers bring a special vibrancy to any garden, working well by themselves, or incorporated into a wider floral display. At a maximum height of around 50cm, ‘Basket of Gold’ provides its visual interest a little bit higher than Geranium subcaulescens. And unlike the previous two plants, this one requires full sun, is fussy about aspect (south- or east-facing only), and prefers exposure to shelter. Try to avoid clay soil, and make sure the soil can drain well to keep this plant in optimal condition. 4) Tickseed BOTANICAL NAME: Coreopsis verticillata RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Zagreb’ (Pictured) HARDINESS RATING: H5 HARDY TO: -10 to -15°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER / AUTUMN Here’s another fantastic eruption of yellow, this time boasting bushels of daisy-like flowers. As a clump-forming perennial, ‘Grandiflora’ brings something quite visually different from the others in this list – perfect if you’re looking to mix things up a little. This jolly customer will do well in full sun or partial shade, and will be happy with any aspect. It’s OK exposed or in shelter, and is only averse to clayey soil. Over the five or so years it takes to get to full height, ‘Grandiflora’ will bless your garden with its yellow bloom every summer and autumn, retaining its visual interest later in the season than some other plants. 5) Mexican Fleabane BOTANICAL NAME: Erigeron karvinskianus HARDINESS RATING: H5 HARDY TO: -10 to -15°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL SUN; EXPOSED FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER As the name suggests, this white mat-forming perennial hails originally from Mexico and neighbouring South American countries. Now firmly settled in the UK, however, it grants British gardeners with dense white floral mats in the summer months. (You may also see tints of purple and pink in the mix, if you’re lucky.) While it can look a little scruffy (some might even say ‘weedy’), rest assured that Mexican fleabane is an attractive addition to any garden. It’s versatile, too: As a mat-forming plant it shares the same appeal as Geranium ‘Splendens’, and as a blanket of white, it’s a beautiful backdrop for almost any other colour. This plant loves full sun in a sheltered spot, and likes any aspect except north-facing. Avoid clay soil, and take special care that the soil can definitely drain well. Treat it right, and Mexican fleabane will reward you with a lovely white floral mat about a metre square in size. 6) Alpine Aster BOTANICAL NAME: Aster alpinus HARDINESS RATING: H7 HARDY TO: -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL SUN FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER We’ve had purple, pink, yellow, and white. Now, how about violet? The enchanting flowers of the Alpine aster come in a gentle shade of violet that effortlessly invites your gaze, and the bold yellow centres make the whole thing pop. This herbaceous clump-forming perennial hails from the Alps and Pyrenees – two vast and wild mountain ranges – meaning it definitely has the hardiness credentials required to manage through a British winter. Plant your Alpine aster in full sun, anywhere except a north-facing aspect, and avoid soil with too much clay. Make sure it can drain well, and enjoy the gentle bloom! 7) Yellow Mullein BOTANICAL NAME: Verbascum epixanthinum HARDINESS RATING: H5 HARDY TO: -10 to -15°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL SUN; SHELTERED FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER Take care when trying to say this plant’s full name in front of your friends, as it’s quite likely they’ll think you’re speaking to them in tongues, and may intervene. Tongue-twisting name aside, this is an intriguing and striking short-lived perennial. The flowers cluster densely around an erect stem that reaches far into the air. Grow it somewhere in full sun, nicely sheltered, and with a south-facing aspect, and Yellow mullein will reward you with fantastic bright yellow blooms every summer. At a maximum height and spread of about 1m, the plant takes up a nice bit of space in flower beds, acting as a great centrepiece for other blooms. 8) Blanketflower BOTANICAL NAME: Gaillardia × grandiflora RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Dazzler’, ‘Kobold’ (Pictured) HARDINESS RATING: H5 HARDY TO: -10 to -15°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL SUN FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER / AUTUMN 9) Catmint BOTANICAL NAME: Nepeta grandiflora RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Bramdean’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 HARDY TO: -15 to -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL SUN FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER 10) Prairie Meadow BOTANICAL NAME: Sidalcea RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘OBERON’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 HARDY TO: -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL SUN; SHELTERED FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER 11) Masterwort BOTANICAL NAME: Astrantia RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Burgundy Manor’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 HARDY TO: -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: ANY; SHELTERED FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER 12) Peony BOTANICAL NAME: Paeonia daurica RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Mlokosewitschii’ (Pictured) HARDINESS RATING: H6 HARDY TO: -15 to -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: ANY FLOWERING SEASON: SPRING 13) Stinking Hellebore BOTANICAL NAME: Helleborus foetidus HARDINESS RATING: H7 HARDY TO: -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: ANY; SHELTERED FLOWERING SEASON: WINTER 14) Ruthenian Globe Thistle BOTANICAL NAME: Echinops ritro RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Ruthenicus’ (Pictured) HARDINESS RATING: H7 HARDY TO: -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: ANY; EXPOSED FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER 15) Lungwort BOTANICAL NAME: Pulmonaria RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Diana Clare’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 HARDY TO: -15 to -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL OR PART SHADE FLOWERING SEASON: WINTER / SPRING 16) Rose Campion BOTANICAL NAME: Lychnis coronaria RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Alba’ (Pictured) HARDINESS RATING: H7 HARDY TO: -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: ANY FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER 17) Gooseneck Loosestrife BOTANICAL NAME: Lysimachia clethroides HARDINESS RATING: H6 HARDY TO: -15 to -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: ANY; SHELTERED FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER 18) Strawberry BOTANICAL NAME: Fragaria × ananassa RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Pegasus’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 HARDY TO: -15 to -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL SUN; SHELTERED FLOWERING SEASON: SPRING 19) Goat’s Beard BOTANICAL NAME: Aruncus dioicus HARDINESS RATING: H6 HARDY TO: -15 to -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: ANY FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER 20) Miss Willmott’s Ghost BOTANICAL NAME: Eryngium giganteum HARDINESS RATING: H6 HARDY TO: -15 to -20°C PREFERRED SPOT: FULL SUN FLOWERING SEASON: SUMMER That’s not all! The flowers above are, in our opinion, a fine cross-section of what to expect from hardy perennials in the UK. There may be some names missing that you expected to see, but this was partly deliberate (what better way to get acquainted with some new flowers?), and partly due to the sheer volume of hardy perennials available. So, if you didn’t find anything in this list to your liking, don’t despair! There are literally thousands of options to choose from. And whatever you go for, we hope the weather at least holds out long enough for you to get your new hardy perennials in the ground! References 1. Hardiness Ratings. (n.d.). Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved March 16, 2023, from https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/rhs-hardiness-rating.pdf 2. Award of Garden Merit (AGM). (n.d.). Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved March 16, 2023, from https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/trials-awards/award-of-garden-merit
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These Towering Perennials With Tall Flowers Are Perfect For Garden Borders
IN THIS GUIDE Choosing Perennials For Height 1) Lupins 2) Beehive Ginger 3) Perennial Hibiscus 4) Giant Viper’s Bugloss 5) Giant Fennel 6) Torch Lilies 7) Sunflower ‘Monarch’ 8) Russian Sage 9) Bear’s Breeches 10) Foxgloves 11) Sword Lily 12) African Lily 13) Alliums 14) Buddleja 15) Delphinium 16) Pineapple Lily 17) Gooseneck Loosestrife 18) Sneezeweed 19) Ginger Lily 20) Achillea 21) Amsonia 22) Penstemon 23) Coneflower 24) Persicaria 25) Foxtail Lily Where To Use These Plants In The Garden Stand Tall References A skilled gardener knows that choosing the right plants for your garden is a true art, and that there’s a surprising amount to consider. You need to think about the size of the garden you are working with, the colours you want to include, and the textures required to help create interest… A well-layered garden speaks for itself, and stands a cut above the rest. By including tall plants to contrast with the shorter ones, you can easily create a more dynamic feel to your outdoor haven. In fact, a study by The University of Vermont found that tall plants are more likely to grow successfully in the garden (and by extension: more likely to become invasive).1 Herbaceous borders are a popular setting for tall flowering plants. When thinking about playing with different heights in the garden, try to think about how you would set up a beautiful family portrait. Not only would you want the colours of your clothing to complement one another’s, but you would also place the tallest people towards the back and the smallest ones front and centre. The same goes for choosing the right plants for your garden. Choosing Perennials For Height Whether you are choosing tall perennials for a purpose or planting them just for the enjoyment of it, there are thousands upon thousands to choose from, and picking out the right ones for your garden can be quite the task! But no need to stress – we’ve collected the best towering perennial plants the UK has to offer to get your creative juices flowing, so let’s get started! 1) Lupins BOTANICAL NAME: LUPINUS HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 2M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS Kicking off our list of tall perennials are lovely, lofty lupins. Lupins come in a vast range of sizes, with the tallest varieties passing 2m in height. These striking, splendiferous plants also bloom in almost every colour of the rainbow and, better yet, are super easy to grow and care for. Lupins aren’t too fussy about soil, but they don’t cope well in soil that’s too wet and heavy. They grow best in full to partial sun and are absolutely ideal for the backs of borders or to hide an ugly fence or wall. If you want to learn more about these sensational stunners, check out our article about how to grow and care for lupins here. 2) Beehive Ginger BOTANICAL NAME: Zingiber spectabile HARDINESS RATING: H1A MAX HEIGHT: 2.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS This tall, erect perennial sports unbranched stems that can reach heights of up to 2.5m, and its green foliage will keep you covered with luscious colour throughout the year. Better yet, come summer, this plucky plant will treat you to pretty little purple and white flowers with yellow spots that sprout from stems as long as 50cm. This plant gets its name thanks to its unusual, cylindrical, beehive-like structure, making it seriously stand out in a crowd. Beehive ginger thrives in rich, well-drained soil in filtered sunlight, making it a perfect option for a large indoor pot or container. This plant can take anywhere from two to five years to reach full height, but its unique style certainly makes it worth the wait. 3) Perennial Hibiscus BOTANICAL NAME: HIBISCUS HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 2.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER / AUTUMN FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS OR EVERGREEN For a taste of the tropics, you simply can’t go wrong with perennial hibiscus. This impactful beauty can reach dizzying heights of over 2m and produces huge flowers of up to 30cm in diameter in seductive shades of red, pink and white. For optimum results, plant these powerful perennials in moist, well-drained soil in a spot where they can enjoy full sunlight. Despite its delicate appearance, this hardy plant can withstand seriously cold weather so, even if the ground freezes, this plant will still flourish. 4) Giant Viper’s Bugloss BOTANICAL NAME: Echium pininana HARDINESS RATING: H3 MAX HEIGHT: 4M FLOWERING PERIOD: SPRING / SUMMER FOLIAGE: EVERGREEN Giant by name, giant by nature, if it’s height you’re craving, then look no further. This plant’s flowering pinnacle can tower as tall as 4m and, what’s more, it’s a speedy old grower, taking only one or two years to reach its maximum. Also known as ‘Tower of Jewels’, this evergreen perennial produces blue, funnel-shaped flowers from mid to late summer, making them a charming option for country gardens. ‘Echium pininana is only half-hardy, so unless you live on the west coast in the Gulf Stream, you might find that it will not survive the winter,” says Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “That said, with warmer winters, it may well be worth a try in southern England, particularly in urban areas. This is a real favourite of mine as, aside from looking spectacular, this towering column of flowers is smothered with pollinators.” Bear in mind that this plant can spread to as much as 1m, so you will need decent space to accommodate it. 5) Giant Fennel BOTANICAL NAME: Ferula communis HARDINESS RATING: H3 MAX HEIGHT: 4M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS You’ll have likely seen giant fennel growing along roadside hedgerows in the countryside, and while they flourish in the wild, they are also a popular choice in domestic garden settings. Whilst most commonly seen blooming in yellow, this perennial can also produce flowers in shades of white and purple and can grow up to 4m in height and 1m in spread. Best grown in fertile, well-drained soil, in full sun and with some bracken mulch applied over winter, this plant pretty much grows itself. You can improve the foliage by removing flowering stems as soon as they appear or wait and do so after blooming. 6) Torch Lilies BOTANICAL NAME: Kniphofia HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 1.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER / AUTUMN FOLIAGE: EVERGREEN If you want to add a touch of fire to your garden, then torch lilies are just the ticket. This perennial’s stems grow to around 1.5m in height and are adorned with red and orange blooms, which give them the appearance of red hot pokers. This raunchy red firecracker of a plant prefers full sun and well-drained soil and is guaranteed to stand out in a crowd. If that’s not enough, these boastful, blazing bad boys are attractive to the eye, but they are also irresistible to butterflies and other essential pollinators. 7) Sunflower ‘Monarch’ BOTANICAL NAME: Helianthus ‘Monarch’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 4M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER / AUTUMN FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS This gorgeous perennial sunflower simply can’t go without a mention. Note that many sunflowers are grown as annuals but there are some perennial varieties which are possible to grow in the UK. When one thinks of tall plants, sunflowers are probably one of the first to come to mind, and the ‘Monarch’ variety certainly doesn’t disappoint. Growing up to 4m in height and producing glorious, rich yellow heads, this plant packs an impressive punch. Sunflowers are such a quintessential part of a British country garden, and their delightfully whimsical charm makes them such a joy to grow. For best results, plant your sunflower ‘Monarch’ in moderately fertile, moist and well-drained soil in full sun. 8) Russian Sage BOTANICAL NAME: Salvia yangii HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 1.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER / AUTUMN FOLIAGE: EVERGREEN This ethereal, lavender-like plant produces tiny, lilac-coloured, frothy flowers, which form a serene cloud that will sway gently in the wind. Russian sage can grow up to 1.5m in height and spread up to 1m in width, so be sure you have the space available for it before planting. This purple perennial is extremely tolerant when it comes to soil types but is best suited to well-drained soil and full sun. This variety of sage also requires no pruning and has very few problems with pests and diseases. 9) Bear’s Breeches BOTANICAL NAME: Acanthus mollis HARDINESS RATING: H6 MAX HEIGHT: 1.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS This beast forms flowering spires that can reach as high as 1.5m in height. These brilliantly bold plants sport glossy green leaves and, in late summer, produce tall white flowers with deep, moody, purple bracts. This vivacious, vigorous perennial will grow in almost any soil type, but if possible, provide it with deep, well-drained loam in a sheltered spot in full sun or partial shade. As bears don’t tend to wear breeches, it’s unclear as to where this plant’s name stems from, but these majestic plants are a spectacular addition to any garden, providing you have the space. 10) Foxgloves BOTANICAL NAME: Digitalis purpurea HARDINESS RATING: H7 MAX HEIGHT: 1.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS Technically a biennial (or short-lived perennial), foxgloves might ordinarily not be included on an ordinary list of perennials. However they are well-known to self-seed prolifically, meaning they will come back each year – most likely in greater numbers than before. The upright flowering columns are awe-inspiring and a huge hit with bees too! While Digitalis purpurea prefers a partially shaded spot in your garden, it will pretty much grow in most conditions, making it ideal for an exposed area that might otherwise be difficult to grow on. 11) Sword Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Gladiolus HARDINESS RATING: H3 MAX HEIGHT: 1M FLOWERING PERIOD: SPRING / SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS 12) African Lily BOTANICAL NAME: AGAPANTHUS HARDINESS RATING: VARIES MAX HEIGHT: 1M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS 13) Alliums BOTANICAL NAME: ALLIUM HARDINESS RATING: H7 MAX HEIGHT: 1M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS 14) Buddleja BOTANICAL NAME: BUDDLEJA HARDINESS RATING: H6 MAX HEIGHT: 4M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER / AUTUMN FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS OR EVERGREEN 15) Delphinium BOTANICAL NAME: DELPHINIUM HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 2.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS 16) Pineapple Lily BOTANICAL NAME: EUCOMIS HARDINESS RATING: H4 MAX HEIGHT: 0.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS 17) Gooseneck Loosestrife BOTANICAL NAME: Lysimachia clethroides HARDINESS RATING: H6 MAX HEIGHT: 1M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS 18) Sneezeweed BOTANICAL NAME: Helenium HARDINESS RATING: H7 MAX HEIGHT: 1M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER / AUTUMN FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS 19) Ginger Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Hedychium HARDINESS RATING: H2 MAX HEIGHT: 2.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER / AUTUMN FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS 20) Achillea BOTANICAL NAME: ACHILLEA HARDINESS RATING: H7 MAX HEIGHT: 0.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS 21) Amsonia BOTANICAL NAME: AMSONIA HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 1M FLOWERING PERIOD: SPRING / SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS 22) Penstemon BOTANICAL NAME: PENSTEMON HARDINESS RATING: VARIES MAX HEIGHT: 2.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER / AUTUMN FOLIAGE: EVERGREEN 23) Coneflower BOTANICAL NAME: Echinacea HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 1.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER / AUTUMN FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS 24) Persicaria BOTANICAL NAME: Persicaria HARDINESS RATING: H7 MAX HEIGHT: 1.5M FLOWERING PERIOD: SUMMER / AUTUMN FOLIAGE: SEMI EVERGREEN 25) Foxtail Lily BOTANICAL NAME: Eremurus stenophyllus HARDINESS RATING: H6 MAX HEIGHT: 1M FLOWERING PERIOD: SPRING / SUMMER FOLIAGE: DECIDUOUS Where To Use These Plants In The Garden Towering plants help to bring structure to your garden year after year, rewarding you with bursts of colour and lofty, dramatic vibes. But, aesthetics aside, there are plenty of other reasons for wanting to include tall perennials in your garden. Large Pots Planted in large pots, large flowering perennials can really bring a patio or courtyard to life. If you aren’t blessed with a big garden, then this is an excellent option to spruce up the space you have. If you have no outside space whatsoever, you can rest assured as there are also plenty of tall perennial plants that will thrive inside, providing you with a peaceful and tranquil place to relax after a long day. Living Walls Another option for those of you with a modest-sized garden is to pick out tall perennials to create a living wall – if you can’t grow out, grow up! Living walls have become increasingly popular over the last decade and are an elegant, space-saving way to enjoy gardening from a completely different angle. Many perennials will happily allow themselves to be trained vertically, and with a little imagination and care, a living wall can be one hell of a showstopper. Privacy Screen Are you stressed out by nosy neighbours or passersby having a good old gander into your garden? Tall perennials can create a perfect privacy screen and shield your little corner of the world from prying eyes. Not only will this screen provide you with the seclusion you seek, but it will also create a beautiful backdrop for the rest of your garden. Camouflage If your property has an ugly wall, or an unsightly fence that is far from easy on the eyes, instead of repainting or replacing, why not save time and camouflage it with some pretty perennials? Perennials flourish for years, and even when they aren’t blooming, their foliage is lush and lavish and will easily turn a shabby area into your favourite spot. Stand Tall As you can see, there are countless colossal perennials that can take your garden from zero to hero. Before you start planting, we do recommend doing your research to ensure you have the space and the right soil to help your new, lofty, looming plants prevail. A 2011 study by Scientists at Tohoku University found that plants in a crowded state regulate their height so as to maintain a similar height to their neighbours.2 So remember, if you want your plants to grow as tall as possible, allow them plenty of space to grow – and don’t grow them alongside shorter plants. Whatever the size of your garden, you will be able to find a tall perennial that suits your needs, so stand up, stand tall, and start planting. References 1. University of Vermont. (2018, November 8). Study: Tall Plants More Likely to become Invasive. News Wise. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.newswise.com/articles/study:-tall-plants-more-likely-to-become-invasive 2. Nagashima, H., & Hikosaka, K. (2011). Plants in a crowded stand regulate their height growth so as to maintain similar heights to neighbours even when they have potential advantages in height growth. Annals of Botany, 108(1), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr109
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Like To Mix Things Up In The Garden? Try Perennials In Pots Says Sara Venn
IN THIS GUIDE 1) African Lily 2) Lady’s Mantle 3) Elephant’s Ears 4) Clematis 5) Euphorbia 6) Geranium 7) Daylily 8) Coral Bells 9) Plantain Lily 10) Lavender 11) Penstemon 12) Common Vervain 13) Bamboo 14) Peonies 15) Larkspur 16) Hydrangea 17) Chrysanthemums 18) Dahlias 19) Wallflowers 20) Yarrow References Potted perennials can be a low-maintenance, long-lasting way to brighten up your patio, balcony or garden. There are a number of advantages to using pots and containers when creating an aesthetically pleasing display in your garden. For one thing, the mobility of a potted plant lends itself well to easy rearrangement and repositioning, allowing you to mix things up as and when the whim takes you. “Because I rent my home, I end up leaving my garden every 4-5 years,” explains Sara Venn from Edible Bristol. “I grow quite a lot in pots because I can move them with me. It makes it a lot easier than digging them up at the end of my tenancy.” Larger specimens in pots can also work well to draw the eye and brighten up drab surroundings. What’s more, using pots can also be a great way to maximise your options if space is at a premium; even if you only have a balcony to work with, a potted arrangement can really liven up your outdoor aesthetic. “If you have a large pot you can create a multi-layered perennial planting using the ‘pillars, fillers and spillers’ technique – a plant that has height, a plant that provides volume and a plant that spills over the side of the pot,” shares Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. When most gardeners approach the task of choosing plants for their pots, they often opt for eye-catching annuals, which provide a striking impression for long parts of the year…after which, they die and must be discarded. The problem with annuals is that they require replacement each year, which can soon turn into quite a labour-intensive and expensive endeavour. Perennials, on the other hand, might represent a greater initial outlay, but they’ll stand you in good stead for a number of years in a pot and can even be transplanted into open soil afterwards to extend their lifespan. Choose the right plant and you’ll be rewarded with a low-maintenance gift that just keeps on giving, year after year. As a general rule of thumb, any plant which handles life in a border without too much fuss should be able to cope with life in a container. All of the plants we’ve chosen below either enjoy a prolonged flowering season, or else have foliage that’s impressive enough all on its own, even without any flowers. 1) African Lily BOTANICAL NAME: AGAPANTHUS TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H3-H5 FLOWERING PERIOD: JUNE – SEPTEMBER With their cascading explosions of bright green foliage and their delicate, dainty flowerheads atop slender stems, agapanthus make for excellent potted plants, especially when planted inside a terracotta receptacle. Depending on the variety chosen, they’ll begin sprouting their gorgeous blooms in June, July or August and continue well into the autumn months. Just make sure they enjoy enough sun and well-draining soil and they’ll pay you back tenfold with their beautiful displays. Also known as African Lily or Lily of the Nile, agapanthus originally hail from far warmer climes than the United Kingdom.1 With that in mind, it’s a good idea to bring them indoors or at least remove them to a sheltered spot (such as an unheated greenhouse) during the colder months to ensure the frost doesn’t do for them. 2) Lady’s Mantle BOTANICAL NAME: ALCHEMILLA TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERING PERIOD: JULY – SEPTEMBER This attractive perennial grows more outwards than upwards and its low-spreading tendencies make it a popular choice in herbaceous borders. However, its easy-going nature and year-round vibrancy mean it can work just as well in a pot or container, too. As the plant expands into its environs, it’ll spill over the edges of its receptacle in a pleasing manner. Colloquially known as Lady’s Mantle, it’s defined by its palmately lobed leaves which keep their light green colour throughout the year and its greenish-yellow flowers, which bloom in the summertime. The leaves are covered in an ultra-fine down, giving them an almost silvery sheen, while the plant is at its most impressive shortly after a spell of rain. That’s because the moisture sticks to the aforementioned hair on the foliage and clings to them in tiny droplets, creating a delightfully pastoral effect. 3) Elephant’s Ears BOTANICAL NAME: BERGENIA TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H6-H7 FLOWERING PERIOD: MARCH – APRIL Bergenia are an attractive addition to any environment, primarily through their floral blooms, which arrive each spring in a burst of white, pink, purple or red, depending upon the specific variety chosen. However, their foliage is a selling point in its own right, with large, drooping evergreen leaves that earn it the moniker of “elephant’s ears”. The deep green of the leaves is apt to take on a pinker hue during the colder months, adding another string to the Bergenia bow. These hardy little plants originally hail from northeastern Asia, inhabiting such frosty climes as Mongolia and Russia.2 This means that they’re accustomed to temperatures that are far worse than anything Great Britain can throw at them, so they’re fine to be left outside all winter long. They’re also manageable in size, growing up to around half a metre at full maturity. 4) Clematis BOTANICAL NAME: CLEMATIS TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H5 FLOWERING PERIOD: MAY – SEPTEMBER For those who are on the lookout for a more dynamic addition to their potted collection, the climbing clematis could be the way to go. This incorrigible climber will scale any structure you place in or around the container, creating stunning displays of fragile vines embellished with elegant leaves and exquisite flowerheads that have an almost papery appearance and texture. Clematis are available in a wide variety of different cultivars, meaning you can obtain ones with blue, red and yellow blues, alongside a whole host of different combinations of those three primary colours. They demand excellent drainage in their soil and don’t take kindly to excessively hot temperatures, so planting them in a container which conducts heat slowly is advisable in order to achieve the best results. 5) Euphorbia BOTANICAL NAME: EUPHORBIA TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H6 FLOWERING PERIOD: VARIES Euphorbias are an incredibly diverse bunch, spanning everything from startling flower-laden specimens to drought-resistant succulent-like species. The E. milii plant pictured above (more commonly known as “Crown of Thorns”) is one of the more eye-catching varieties of the former type, featuring fantastically graceful flower heads atop large, rubbery leaves. Given the breadth and depth of variety on offer among the euphorbia genus, it’s advisable to do your research beforehand and tailor your selection to the specific effect you intend to create. Whichever type of euphorbia you settle upon, you can expect year-round interest from their foliage and pockets of colourful brilliance when it comes to flowering season. 6) Geranium BOTANICAL NAME: GERANIUM TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H6-H7 FLOWERING PERIOD: JUNE – OCTOBER One look at the brilliant colours, intricate rosettes and long, graceful stalks of a geranium and you’ll soon understand why these gorgeous perennials are popular enough to have their own appreciation society here in the UK. They’re equally impressive whether placed in a hanging basket, as part of a stunning border or as standalone specimens in containers. Although often confused with pelargoniums, true geraniums (otherwise known as hardy geraniums or cranesbill) are much more adept at dealing with the colder temperatures of winter.3 However, pelargoniums are just as effective in pots as long as they’re relocated indoors when the mercury drops, since they’re highly susceptible to frosts. Whether you choose geraniums or pelargoniums, you’re guaranteed a fantastic floral display either way. 7) Daylily BOTANICAL NAME: Hemerocallis TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H6 FLOWERING PERIOD: JUNE – JULY Hemerocallis are more commonly known as daylilies and are one plant which can actually work more effectively in a pot than in the ground. That’s because they’re incredibly versatile with regard to their planting conditions, surviving and even thriving in most soil types, but they do enjoy plenty of sun. As a result, gardeners who enjoy limited sunshine and must chase it around their garden can do so with ease if the plant is potted. As for their appearance, daylilies are a dream to behold. With long, thin stems and top-heavy flowerheads, characterised by thick, velvety petals with delicately protruding stamen, daylilies are available in a variety of different colour combinations. As long as they’re placed inside a container with drainage holes and sufficient space for their roots to spread out, they’ll do just fine in any environment. 8) Coral Bells BOTANICAL NAME: HEUCHERA TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H6 FLOWERING PERIOD: JUNE – AUGUST Heuchera were once cultivated for the small flowers which bob atop lengthy stems during the warmer months. However, in recent years, the attention has shifted from their blossoms to their foliage, which comes in all different shades and sizes depending upon the species chosen. They’re also known as coral bells – for the aforementioned blooms – but it is perhaps their outsized, extravagantly coloured leaves which steal the show. When it comes to planting heuchera in pots, the main concern for any gardener will be ensuring the soil stays moist but not saturated. That means plenty of watering during summertime, but adequate drainage in the wetter months. For best results, elevate the container an inch or two above ground to allow water to flow freely beneath, and mulch their surface lightly during spring to enhance nutrient uptake and reduce the need for constant watering. 9) Plantain Lily BOTANICAL NAME: HOSTA TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERING PERIOD: JULY – SEPTEMBER While most of the previous inclusions on this list are favoured for their floral blooms, hostas are prized for the interesting and ornamental nature of their foliage. With a huge selection of hostas to choose from, you can include everything from crinkly variegated leaves to silver heart-shaped varieties in your garden display. While their leafy allure is the main draw, hostas also often offer pretty and aromatic blossoms in the summer, though these can look tired and unsightly within mere days of blooming, so deadheading is essential for a pristine aesthetic. Other than that, it’s advisable to choose a spacious pot with excellent drainage in order to allow the hosta to reach its full potential. Stay away from metal containers, since the conductivity of the material can cause them to overheat in the warmer months. 10) Lavender BOTANICAL NAME: LAVENDULA TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERING PERIOD: JUNE – AUGUST There’s nothing quite like a bouquet of lavender to add a touch of Mediterranean charm and an aura of tranquillity to any setting. The plentiful clusters of pale purple flowers will draw bees and other pollinators in their droves, while the delightful aroma of the plant is excellent for imbuing its surrounding with a sense of cleanliness and calm. There are hardy, semi-hardy and tender varieties of lavender to choose from, so the species you pick should depend not only on the aesthetic you want to achieve, but the amount of elbow grease you’re prepared to put in coaxing your lavender to life. Whichever variety you go for, choose an amply-proportioned terracotta pot with plenty of drainage holes to plant them in and position it in a semi-sheltered spot. 11) Penstemon BOTANICAL NAME: Penstemon TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H3 FLOWERING PERIOD: JUNE – SEPTEMBER Penstemon, also known as beardtongue, is a striking plant whose delicate appearance belies its origins on the American plains.4 Characterised by lengthy, upright stems populated by picturesque bell-shaped flowers, penstemon is often mistaken for foxglove and shares many similar features. In total, there are more than 250 varieties of penstemon to choose from, with violet, red and yellow blossoms the most popular options among UK gardeners.5 Penstemon lend themselves particularly well to planting in containers, performing admirably in garden boxes or standalone pots. Just make sure to plant them in well-drained soil to avoid their roots becoming waterlogged. Make sure they receive plenty of water in the initial stages after planting, but once they have fully taken hold, only water when the substrate surface has dried out. 12) Common Vervain BOTANICAL NAME: VERBENA TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERING PERIOD: JUNE – SEPTEMBER Verbena is a beautiful flower that has been used in aromatherapy and herbology for centuries. It makes a very attractive cut flower and works extremely well in a container, dazzling those who set eyes upon it with incredible floral displays in pink, red, purple, blue or white during the warmer months. The plant is both perennial and annual depending upon which variety you plump for, while there are also hardy and tender options available. As such, it’s worthwhile investing time into deciding exactly which species is best suited to your purposes and taking the necessary precautions to protect more sensitive varieties when appropriate. But furnish verbena with adequate drainage in its soil, around six hours of sunlight per day and a steady supply of water and you’ll be richly rewarded with its charming blossoms in the summer. 13) Bamboo BOTANICAL NAME: Bambusa vulgaris TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H6-H7 FLOWERING PERIOD: N/A 14) Peonies BOTANICAL NAME: Paeonia TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H6 FLOWERING PERIOD: APRIL – JUNE 15) Larkspur BOTANICAL NAME: DELPHINIUM TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H5 FLOWERING PERIOD: JUNE – JULY 16) Hydrangea BOTANICAL NAME: HYDRANGEA TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H5 FLOWERING PERIOD: JULY – OCTOBER 17) Chrysanthemums BOTANICAL NAME: CHRYSANTHEMUM TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H3-H4 FLOWERING PERIOD: SEPTEMBER – OCTOBER 18) Dahlias BOTANICAL NAME: DAHLIA TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: VARIES BY TYPE FLOWERING PERIOD: JUNE – SEPTEMBER 19) Wallflowers BOTANICAL NAME: ERYSIMUM TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H4 FLOWERING PERIOD: MARCH – AUGUST 20) Yarrow BOTANICAL NAME: ACHILLEA TYPICAL HARDINESS RATING: H7 FLOWERING PERIOD: JUNE – AUGUST References 1. Agapanthus or Lily of the Nile. (n.d.). University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved March 22, 2023, from https://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/plants/ornamentals/agapanthus.html 2. Bergenia crassifolia: Elephant-ears. (n.d.). NBN Atlas. Retrieved March 22, 2023, from https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000013952 3. Mentary, L. (2015, January 18). The Difference Between Geraniums and Pelargoniums. Rozanne and Friends. Retrieved March 22, 2023, from https://www.geraniumrozanne.com/geraniums-and-pelargoniums/ 4. Strote, E. (2015, August 1). Penstemon: A colorful choice for water wise gardening. Colorado State University Extension. Retrieved March 22, 2023, from https://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/yard-garden/penstemon-a-colorful-choice-for-water-wise-gardening/ 5. AGM Penstemon: RHS Growing Guide. (2017, November). Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved March 22, 2023, from https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/Penstemon-grower-guide-smaller.pdf
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These Are The Easiest Vegetables To Grow Says Gerald Stratford
IN THIS GUIDE Satisfaction In Easy Growing Our Selection Criteria 1) Potatoes 2) Tomatoes 3) Carrots 4) Beetroot 5) Runner beans 6) Chard 7) Onions A little more inspiration 8) Jerusalem Artichoke 9) Salsify 10) Asparagus 11) Courgettes 12) Cucumbers 13) Peppers 14) Turnips 15) Fennel 16) Shallots 17) Chillies Get ready to enjoy your harvest! Gardening offers many joys. There’s the cascade of colourful floral blooms which, done right, can bring vibrant flourishes to your garden year-round. There’s the gentle buzz of bees and flutter of butterflies as they survey the scene, eyeing up any particularly appealing sources of pollen. There are the smells – of flowers, leaves, cut grass, and the general outdoors. And, sometimes, there’s the blue skies and bright sunshine that practically demand you pull up a comfy chair and just relax. Satisfaction In Easy Growing Then, when you start to think about growing things you can eat, you open up a whole new layer of garden satisfaction. Instead of just looking at the beautiful colours and shapes, you can start to plan a delicious harvest. A whole new set of smells appear, as well as the new sensations of handling seeds, feeling soft soil run through your fingers, and picking hearty vegetables from the ground. Grow your own to open up a whole new layer of gardening excellence Gathering your first harvest is one of the most rewarding parts of being a gardener. Seeing each subsequent harvest improve in size and quality is just as good, and it’s a feeling you get to re-experience every year. “I love tending to vegetables because I love the marriage of gardening with cooking,” shares Garden Historian Alley Marie Jordan. If all this sounds delightfully inviting, then read on. We’ve pulled together seventeen of the easiest vegetables to grow at home, to give you the opportunity to create your own bountiful harvest. Our Selection Criteria “I get asked a lot about what you should start growing and what’s easy for beginners,” says Lucy Hutchings, a Garden Designer. If you’re going to make the effort to grow food, what is more rewarding is to grow something that you eat regularly. “Rather than starting with people’s recommendations on what are the easy plants to grow, look in your fridge and see what you eat all the time.” “That’s going to make a way bigger impact on your life and your diet and lifestyle than just growing what’s easy.” With that said, we’ve tried to ensure that all the plants in this list meet a few other criteria, as well as being typically easy to grow. Each should – Have cheap seeds: Growing your own produce needn’t be expensive, so we’ve gone for veggies whose seeds won’t break the bank. Be readily available: We don’t want you to have to hunt around specialist stores to find the seeds, either. All the seeds for the crops in this list are easy to get hold of. Be low-maintenance: As a general rule you can plant these crops and not have to think about them too much until they’re ready to harvest. There’ll be a little bit of weeding, but nothing too demanding. Require no specialist gear: Aside from a trellis for the beans, you won’t need any expensive or esoteric gear to get these vegetables growing. Useful in many delicious recipes: Let’s face it; the main reason to grow vegetables is to subsequently eat the vegetables. So we’ve prioritised produce that’s tasty, versatile, and easy to prepare. Now that’s out the way, let’s move onto our list of easy to grow vegetables. 1) Potatoes GROW: OUTDOORS / GROW BAGS SOW: MARCH – APRIL HARVEST: JUNE – OCTOBER “Boil ‘em, mash ‘em, stick ‘em in a stew…” Samwise Gamgee, the unsung hero of the Lord of the Rings trilogy, knew about the versatility of potatoes. This crop can be used in hundreds of different ways, whether as a sidekick or centrepiece. “My two favourite vegetables have got to be the potato and the onion,” shares Vegetable Expert Gerald Stratford. “They’re basic vegetables that we all eat most days and I do love growing both of those, followed closely by the tomato.” It’s a staple in cuisines around the globe, and for good reason. “Potatoes were the first vegetable I ever grew and the wonder of harvesting them, particularly getting my hands into the warm summer soil, has never waned,” shares Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “I live in a potato growing area, so the risk of potato blight means that I’m restricted to first early potatoes (harvested before the main risk of blight) but there are still plenty of delicious options.” Potato Growing Guidelines What’s more, growing potatoes couldn’t be simpler – Choose a sunny spot that won’t get hit by late frosts (potatoes are sensitive to frost damage!). Plant out your spuds at the right time for the variety: First earlies in late March, second earlies up to mid-April, and maincrops from mid-April onwards. Dig compost through the soil in advance of planting, ideally at the end of the previous season. Plant them in a trench about 10-12cm deep, and space them out according to variety: Earlies about 30cm apart, maincrops about 35-40cm. Leave about 60cm between rows for earlies and 75cm for maincrops. Harvest your potatoes between June and October, depending on the variety. First earlies, June – July; seconds, July – August; maincrops, late August to October. To store potatoes, leave them in the ground until the foliage yellows, trim it down, leave for 10 days, then harvest. Dry them out indoors, then put them in storage. 2) Tomatoes Wait until fully ripened for maximum taste GROW: INDOORS / OUTDOORS IN POTS OR GROUND SOW: FEBRUARY – APRIL HARVEST: JULY – OCTOBER There are many types of tomatoes to choose from, ranging from miniature cherry tomatoes, right up to unbelievably big beef tomatoes. They fall into two categories, too: cordon and bush. Cordon tomatoes need staking to support their vertical growth, while bush tomatoes grow as you’d expect: In a bush. Tomato Growing Guidelines For best results – Whack your tomato seeds in some compost pots, and cover with a plastic bag. Keep them there until two leaves have sprouted. When they start to flower, transplant the seeds into larger pots, grow bags, or into the ground. (Harden off your tomatoes if you’re growing them outdoors, and leave about 50cm between them). For indoor tomatoes, sow from February to March. For outdoors, sow from March to April. Outdoor tomatoes like a sunny spot. If you’re growing cordon tomatoes, put a sturdy cane or trellis in the ground, and use cloth ties to attach the main stem. This will support the plant and encourage good growth. Keep your tomatoes well-watered! They’re thirsty plants, and will do best when kept moist. Harvest your tomatoes when they’re ripe, then keep them in a warm, dark spot to ripen more. 3) Carrots GROW: OUTDOORS SOW: FEBRUARY – MARCH (EARLIES) / APRIL – JULY (MAINCROPS) HARVEST: 3-4 MONTHS AFTER PLANTING Will carrots provide a bounty of fresh, crunchy, deliciousness? Resoundingly yes. Carrots are one of our favourite things to grow, just because of how effortless and plentiful they are. Carrots Growing Guidelines Here’s what you need to do to join the fun – Find an open spot in your garden with lots of sun, where the soil can drain well. If you’ve got stones or other detritus in your soil, go for short-rooted varieties, unless you’re happy with carrots with lots of bumps and funny shapes. Like potatoes, carrots are either earlies or maincrops. Sow earlies in February or March, and maincrops from April to July. Pop seeds a centimetre or so into the ground, and keep at least 15cm between rows. Try to get about 5-7cm between each seed, to give all your carrots the space they need to grow. Carrots are nowhere near as thirsty as tomatoes, so you only really need to water during dry periods. Be vigilant with your weeding: Carrots can quickly get suffocated under particularly enthusiastic weeds. If you’re being bothered by flies, surround your carrots with gauze or some similar barrier. Look to harvest your carrots 3-4 months after planting. Pick them when they’re big enough to use, and don’t leave them in the ground much longer after that as you risk losing flavour. 4) Beetroot GROW: OUTDOORS SOW: MARCH – MAY HARVEST: JUNE – AUGUST This is a strangely divisive vegetable. Put beetroot on some people’s plates and they’ll flat-out refuse to eat it, which is, in our opinion, sacrilege. If you’re one of the converted who sees beetroot as a vegetable with a lot to offer, then join us in growing a few in your garden. Beetroot Growing Guidelines Here’s how to do it – Choose a spot in your garden that can drain well, and work some compost through the soil ahead of planting. Plant out your beetroot seeds in clusters of three, with 10cm between them. Push them about 2cm into the soil, and leave about 30cm between rows. After your seedlings sprout, thin out the clusters of three so that each individual seedling has about 10cm between. (If this sounds like too much work, just plant them out individually from the outset). Water fortnightly if the weather is particularly dry. One of the best things about beetroots is that you can stagger planting through the planting season (March to May), meaning you’ll have a staggered harvest at harvest season! Pick your beetroots when they’re between 5-8cm. If you pick alternating beetroots, you’ll give the ones in the ground a little more space to grow. 5) Runner beans GROW: OUTDOORS WITH SUPPORT FRAME SOW: APRIL – MAY HARVEST: AUGUST – OCTOBER Whether or not you believe them to be a magical fruit, beans are definitely an appealing addition to your garden. Seeing them strive magnificently upward from the ground is always a pleasure, and their bountiful annual harvest guarantees beans for days. Runner Beans Growing Guidelines Here’s what you need to do to grow them – If you want to grow them in spring, start them off indoors. Beans do not tolerate frosts: You’ll need a propagator or a pot on a windowsill, and to harden off each plant before eventually planting out. If you’re happy waiting until after the frosts, expect to sow from late May onwards. Start your outdoor beans in pots, in a sheltered spot in your garden. When they’re just shy of 10cm tall, move them into the ground – expect to do this in June onward. This spot should be sunlit and warm, with well-draining soil. Beans need support to help them grow, so erect a bamboo A-frame for them to climb. Use loose ties to attach stems to frame: Anything too tight will restrict growth. When your beans are about 15cm long, they’re ready to harvest. Try to harvest before the internal beans begin to grow, as this is when the flavour is best. Picking too late also prevents the plants from flowering, and means you won’t get any more beans that season. 6) Chard GROW: OUTDOORS SOW: MARCH – JULY HARVEST: OCTOBER / NOVEMBER (OR FOLLOWING SPRING) Chard is another unsung hero of gardening, and another veggie that can put off the uninitiated. These bright green leaves streaked with purple, though, work wonders in myriad recipes. Whether you’re a fan of chard looking to grow your own, or a sceptic bravely looking to try something new, we’re sure you’ll enjoy growing this crop in your garden. Chard Growing Guidelines Here’s how to grow chard: Find an open and sunlit spot in your garden. Some shade is OK, but there needs to be sun for most of the day. Work some compost through the soil at the end of the season before you plan to plant out your chard. Sow your chard seeds about an inch deep, about 10cm apart, and in rows at least 40cm apart. Optimal sowing season is from March to July, with March chard ready to harvest that autumn, and July chard ready to harvest next spring. If it looks like drought is setting in, water your chard generously. Cover July plantings for winter, either under cloches, fleece, or similar. To harvest, simply cut away the outer leaves when they’re mature. Leaves will regrow, giving you access to plenty of chard throughout the season. 7) Onions GROW: OUTDOORS FROM SETS SOW: MARCH – APRIL HARVEST: AUGUST – OCTOBER Where would we be without the onion? This humble vegetable sits at the heart of pretty much any recipe you can think of, providing a flavour base that all the other ingredients build upon. We think there’s no better way to celebrate the enduring versatility of the onion by growing your own crop, and opening up the full vibrancy of their flavour. Onions Growing Guidelines Once you try an onion from your garden, you’ll never buy them from the supermarket again. Most people grow onions from sets rather than seeds. This is quicker and easier. Find a sunny and sheltered spot with well-draining soil. Avoid acidic soil where possible. Dig compost through the soil ahead of growing to give your onions optimal nutrition. Plant out your sets with at least 10cm between them, in rows at least 30cm apart. You can sow in March and April, or again in September. When the shoots above ground start to discolour and wilt, your onions are ready to harvest. Expect this to happen from late summer in your spring crop, or in June for your September crop. Pick your onions, then leave them somewhere outdoors to dry and ripen (make sure it’s a sheltered and well-ventilated spot!) A little more inspiration Don’t be fooled into thinking the list above is exhaustive – far from it! For those of you excited about growing your own produce, there are a ton of other options to explore. Here’s a small sample – 8) Jerusalem Artichoke GROW: PLANT TUBERS OUTDOORS SOW: OCTOBER – APRIL HARVEST: 4-5 MONTHS AFTER PLANTING An unsung hero of many delicious recipes. Artichokes get bad press because they can be tricky to prepare, but their sumptuous flavours make them more than worth getting acquainted with. “Globe artichokes are also great because you can chuck anything at them and they will survive,” shares Edible Bristol’s Sara Venn. “I’m a huge fan of these plants.” 9) Salsify GROW: OUTDOORS IN RAISED BEDS SOW: MARCH – APRIL HARVEST: OCTOBER – FEBRUARY If you’ve ever watched Masterchef: The Professionals, you’ll know that the presence of salsify on a plate signals class and sophistication. 10) Asparagus GROW: OUTDOORS SOW: INDOORS IN MARCH HARVEST: APRIL – MAY A powerhouse of fine dining, asparagus makes a great addition to any plate where you’d normally use a broccoli garnish. 11) Courgettes GROW: OUTDOORS / GROW BAGS / CONTAINERS SOW: MAY – JUNE HARVEST: JUNE – OCTOBER Some consider them to be bland, but used correctly, courgettes can bring a measured and delicious element to your cooking. They’re very versatile, too, featuring in cuisines from all over the world. 12) Cucumbers GROW: GREENHOUSE / SHELTERED OUTDOORS SOW: FEBRUARY – MARCH HARVEST: JULY – OCTOBER Similar to courgettes but different enough to be interesting, fresh-grown cucumbers have unparalleled flavour when compared to their store-bought cousins. 13) Peppers GROW: GREENHOUSE / INDOORS / SHELTERED OUTDOORS SOW: FEBRUARY – MARCH (INDOORS) / MARCH – APRIL (OUTDOORS) HARVEST: JULY – OCTOBER Whether you like them green, yellow, orange, red, or even purple, peppers are easy to grow and go well in hundreds of different recipes. 14) Turnips GROW: OUTDOORS SOW: MARCH – JUNE (EARLIES) / JULY – AUGUST (MAINCROP) HARVEST: MAY – SEPTEMBER (EARLIES) / OCTOBER ONWARDS (MAINCROP) A British staple for centuries, whose prominence has now been usurped by more exciting vegetables brought over from foreign shores. 15) Fennel GROW: OUTDOORS SOW: MARCH – JULY HARVEST: MAY – SEPTEMBER An unusual flavour but one that rewards the curious chef. Fennel is great raw or cooked, and will add a bit of je ne sais quoi to any dish. 16) Shallots GROW: OUTDOORS SOW: MARCH – APRIL HARVEST: JUNE – JULY Onion’s smaller sibling, packing a sweeter and more refined flavour. Perfect for any dish where onion would overpower. 17) Chillies GROW: INDOORS / GREENHOUSE SOW: JANUARY – FEBRUARY HARVEST: JUNE – OCTOBER Do you like it hot? Then grow a chilli plant, and guarantee yourself an endless supply of these spicy boys. We have to stop there, but there are so many more veggies to get familiar with if you’ve caught the home-growing bug. Just make sure to keep in mind the amount of space you have available! Growing veg can easily take up your entire garden Get ready to enjoy your harvest! Whew – there you have it. Seventeen delightful veggies to get you started with your home-grown gardening adventures. “Obviously, there are certain things that are tricky, but generally, there’s always a trick or two with every crop,” adds Lucy. “Rather than just trying to go for beginner’s crops, go with what is going to make a big impact on your life and what you are actually going to eat.” Whether you opt for these easy to grow options, or decide on something a little more “out there”, we’re sure you’ll have a great (and tasty) time.
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Master Horticulturist Shares 12 Hardy Plants You Can Grow Outdoors In Pots All Year Round
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Bay Tree 2) Elephant’s Ears 3) Buddleja ‘Buzz’ 4) Golden Creeping Jenny 5) ‘Emerald ‘n’ Gold’ 6) Hebe ‘High Voltage’ 7) Coral Bells 8) Common Ivy 9) Lily Of The Valley 10) Ornamental Cabbage 11) Rubella 12) Viola References These resilient and resplendent plants will thrive in pots the whole year-round. Planting in pots and containers is a great way to get creative in your garden. Depending on the type of plant you select, the container you place it in and the section of the garden it’s positioned, a potted specimen can soften harsh edges, add flavour to a bland border and brighten up dull corners. Larger pots can provide a focal point that draws the eye, while a collection of smaller plants add variety and activity to their background. However, you don’t want to plump for plants that will require substantial maintenance just to keep them alive, especially when the mercury plummets and the frost sets in. While moving more delicate pots indoors might be an option for some, it’s hardly an ideal one. For that reason, choosing a variety of plant which is adept at resisting the extremes of a Great British winter is an advisable course of action for those who wish to retain an attractive potted outdoor display all year round. “One of the great things about growing in pots and containers is that you can move the pot to suit the plant,” explains Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly “Even better, when the plant you choose can stay out all year and even provide structure during the winter, such as through using an evergreen shrub.” Fortunately, there are a wide variety of hardy plants which grow well in pots to choose from. We’ve selected our favourites below to give you some inspiration. Happy planting! 1) Bay Tree BOTANICAL NAME: Laurus nobilis HARDINESS RATING: H4 PREFERED ASPECT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE MAX HEIGHT: 10-12M RHS AWARD OF GARDEN MERIT Although called a bay ‘tree’, this hardy favourite is perhaps more accurately described as a formal shrub. It’s a hugely versatile option which can be cultivated as a hedgerow, trimmed into all sorts of topiarist designs with a set of clippers and even harvested for its aromatic leaves, which will add a depth of flavours to culinary dishes like stews and casseroles. As such, it ticks a number of different boxes for gardeners of all stripes. Best of all, bay trees lend themselves perfectly to potted planting and are tough enough to stick it out through the colder months. In the very most northern parts of the UK, where temperatures spend a prolonged period of time below zero, you may wish to supplement your bay tree with some fleece to protect it against the frost, but this is only applicable in the most extreme situations. 2) Elephant’s Ears BOTANICAL NAME: Bergenia HARDINESS RATING: H7 PREFERED ASPECT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE MAX HEIGHT: 0.5M As natives of China, Mongolia, Russia and other regions of Eastern Asia, Bergenias are quite accustomed to glacial temperatures. This means that they’re well equipped to withstand winters far colder than those we experience in the UK, making them an ideal choice for a potted plant in your garden. They’re evergreen perennials that grow to around half a metre in height, so they’re perfect for adding intrigue without hogging all the limelight in your display. Bergenias are also known as pigsqueak or elephant’s ears (not to be confused with Colocasia) and feature large, green leaves which keep their colour all year round, perhaps taking on a slightly pink twinge in winter. However, the real star of the show is their flowers, which bloom in spring and come in bursts of red, pink, purple or white, which sit proudly atop the stems overlooking the foliage below. 3) Buddleja ‘Buzz’ BOTANICAL NAME: Buddleja davidii ‘Buzz’ Series HARDINESS RATING: H6 PREFERED ASPECT: FULL SUN MAX HEIGHT: 1.5M Buddleja – otherwise known as butterfly bushes – are sprawling, vibrant plants which, as their moniker suggests, attract pollinators in their droves. While these are hugely popular among garden enthusiasts, most varieties are far too large to be confined to a single receptacle. Step forward the Buddleja ‘Buzz’, which has been specifically cultivated as a dwarf variety that will look stunning in a pot on your patio or balcony. Like all other buddlejas, this smaller specimen is very low maintenance and will cope well in almost all soil types. All that’s required is occasional pruning to make sure it doesn’t lose its shape and become too unruly. The best time to do so is immediately after the worst of winter has passed, when dead or damaged parts can be removed and the plant trimmed into shape. 4) Golden Creeping Jenny BOTANICAL NAME: Lysimachia nummularia ‘Aurea’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PREFERED ASPECT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE MAX HEIGHT: 0.1M RHS AWARD OF GARDEN MERIT As a creeping plant, Golden creeping Jenny is the ideal choice for a basket or barrel, since its foliage will trail over the rim of the container in an aesthetically pleasing manner. It works especially well when placed near ponds and other water features, as the yellowish-green of the foliage can complement the darker colours of the water well. Plus, the plant naturally grows beside rivers and swamps in the wild, so it’ll feel right at home surrounded by water in your garden. Growing Golden creeping Jenny in a pot actually holds a number of advantages over planting it directly in the ground. For starters, the elevation that a receptacle lends the plant will enhance the dramatic appearance of its trailing leaves. However, it’s also more practical in a pot, since the plant will cope with colder temperatures better than in open soil. Golden creeping Jenny is also considered invasive in some places, so potting it will prevent it from encroaching on its neighbours too much.1 5) ‘Emerald ‘n’ Gold’ BOTANICAL NAME: Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald ‘n’ Gold’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PREFERED ASPECT: ANY POSITION MAX HEIGHT: 1M RHS AWARD OF GARDEN MERIT Characterised by its striking leaves, which feature a golden outer rim with shoots of emerald in the centre, ‘Emerald n Gold’ is another highly versatile evergreen option. Equally at home bordering a pathway as it is forming a part of a screened hedge, the variegated foliage of the plant makes it very attractive wherever it is positioned. The leaves even take on a pinkish hue in the colder months, ensuring you’ll enjoy an eye-catching display all year round. Its resilience during winter and the low maintenance associated with it mean that Emerald and gold has been a stalwart of the gardening scene for many moons now. It generally grows up to a metre in height, but can easily be trimmed back to suit the space it adorns and will show best results when given support, such as a nearby wall or fence. 6) Hebe ‘High Voltage’ BOTANICAL NAME: Hebe HARDINESS RATING: H4 PREFERED ASPECT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE MAX HEIGHT: 0.8M Hebes come in all shapes, sizes and colours, invariably offering an attractive and low-maintenance option for green-fingered aficionados. Also known as shrubby Veronica, this particular strain lends itself well to planting in a pot due to its smaller size. In fact, ‘High Voltage’ is so space-efficient that it’ll provide year-round colour to a balcony or terrace, making it ideal for spots where space is at a premium. The plant takes its name from the fact that its lush green foliage turns an irresistible shade of bronze during the colder months, adding variety to your outdoor displays. It’s also no slouch when it comes to floral blossoms; in summer, short spikes shoot forth from the foliage with such proliferation that the rest of the shrub will be almost entirely overcome with purple, blue or white flowers. 7) Coral Bells BOTANICAL NAME: Heuchera HARDINESS RATING: H6 PREFERED ASPECT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE MAX HEIGHT: 0.5M Heuchera, also known as coral bells, are a highly resilient evergreen plant that comes in literally hundreds of different shades and sizes. Depending on the existing colour scheme in your garden and the overall effect you wish to achieve, you can choose from red, orange, yellow, brown, maroon, silver, black and green heuchera, while there are even two-toned varieties available. As a result, you’re sure to find one that suits your needs. As a general rule, the lighter the tones of the plant you choose, the more protection it will need. Having said that, heuchera as a species are very hardy and, providing they’re given a modicum of sunlight and their roots aren’t allowed to become waterlogged, they’ll survive for many years on the spin. Just be careful of pests like vine weevils, which will devour them from right under your nose if you don’t take action. 8) Common Ivy BOTANICAL NAME: Hedera helix HARDINESS RATING: H5 PREFERED ASPECT: ANY POSITION MAX HEIGHT: 10M+ Although ivy might normally be associated with the sprawling façade of a stately home as it creeps up trellises or grills, it can look equally impressive in a pot. That could take the form of a hanging basket or a standalone container, depending upon the effect you wish to achieve. In any case, the appearance of the dark green colour and pointed foliage as it trails over the rim of the receptacle will add a touch of class to any environment in which it is used. Beyond pruning ivy to retain the shape you desire, the plant requires little to no maintenance whatsoever. Depending on the cultivar you choose, you can select self-clinging ones which will attach themselves to any structure in their vicinity without the need for bespoke supports. They cope well with prolonged periods of drought and cold, too. 9) Lily Of The Valley BOTANICAL NAME: Pieris japonica HARDINESS RATING: H5 PREFERED ASPECT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE MAX HEIGHT: 2.5M RHS AWARD OF GARDEN MERIT Also known as Japanese Andromeda and Flame of the Forest, Lily of the Valley is a beautiful evergreen shrub that features dark green foliage that will turn different hues in the spring months, depending upon the specific cultivar that is preferred. Most noticeable of all, however, are the blooms that droop gracefully from the top of their stems in summertime, draping over the rim of their container with effortless elegance. Although fairly hardly, you should avoid planting Pieris japonica in autumn, since it may struggle in its first winter. However, once it has fully taken root, the plant requires very little in the way of maintenance, with virtually no pruning or deadheading needed. It should also fare well in colder temperatures going forwards, making it a reliable and eye-catching addition to any garden. 10) Ornamental Cabbage BOTANICAL NAME: Brassica oleracea HARDINESS RATING: H7 PREFERED ASPECT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE MAX HEIGHT: 1.5M These colourful head-turners take the same form as their kitchen counterparts, and although ornamental cabbages carry the same name and are even edible, they’ve been cultivated for their aesthetic appearance, not their culinary prowess.2 That’s because depending on the variety you choose, you’ll be treated to stunning swathes of bright pink, purple, white or yellow in the centre of their florets. There’s very little to differentiate between ornamental cabbage and ornamental kale, apart from the fact that the former feature broad leaves with smooth edges and the latter favour serrated or fringed foliage. Whichever variety you settle upon, you’ll find that they provide an attractive focal point when placed in a container and generally won’t outgrow their environs once planted. 11) Rubella BOTANICAL NAME: Skimmia japonica HARDINESS RATING: H5 PREFERED ASPECT: FULL SHADE / PART SHADE MAX HEIGHT: 2.5M As a compact shrub of smaller proportions, rubella is an ideal choice for even the smallest of outdoor spaces. It won’t outgrow its pot and can easily be kept in shape, while the almost total absence of maintenance required means it’s perfect for those who like to leave their plants to their own devices. Best of all, rubella will provide a changing kaleidoscope of colours throughout the seasons. For much of the year, it’s characterised by its dark green leafage. Come wintertime, however, you’ll see a preponderance of brilliant red buds, which will blossom into eye-catching bulbous blooms in springtime. What’s more, it’s also manna for pollinators, meaning you can support the UK’s ailing bee population and bring some biodiversity into your garden in one fell swoop. 12) Viola BOTANICAL NAME: VIOLA HARDINESS RATING: H7 PREFERED ASPECT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE MAX HEIGHT: 0.5M Much like pansies in appearance, violas are a smaller but equally colourful counterpart to their more illustrious cousins. Their delicate appearance might suggest that they have a sensitive nature that doesn’t stand up well to the elements, but violas are actually one of the few flowering plants that produce vibrant displays during the colder months of the calendar. That, alongside their diminutive dimensions, make them an excellent choice for potting outdoors. Indeed, there are hardly any plants that can match the duration of a viola’s flowering season, which stretches almost year-round. With hundreds of different species to choose from, you can be certain you’ll find one that complements the existing décor in your garden, adding a touch of colour and a splash of optimism just at the time when you need both the most. References 1. Mahr, S. (n.d.-b). Golden Creeping Jenny, Lysimachia nummularia “Aurea.” Wisconsin Horticulture. Retrieved March 16, 2023, from https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/golden-creeping-jenny-lysimachia-nummularia-aurea/ 2. Marsden, C. (n.d.-b). Ornamental Cabbage and Kale. Wisconsin Horticulture. Retrieved March 16, 2023, from https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/ornamental-cabbage-and-kale/
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20 Dwarf And Small Trees That Don't Mind Being Confined To Pots
IN THIS GUIDE Considerations 1) Citrus 2) Conifers 3) Fig 4) Flowering Dogwood 5) Japanese Maple 6) Olive 7) Privet 8) Starry Magnolia 9) Sweet Bay 10) Witch Hazel 11) Creeping Blue Blossom 12) Camellia 13) Crab Apple 14) Juneberry 15) Lilac 16) Yoshino Cherry ‘Ivensii’ 17) Cider Gum 18) Sycamore 19) Mexican Orange Blossom 20) Flamingo Willow Bring the great outdoors into your own garden or terrace with one or more of these potted trees. For those with a smaller garden – or perhaps just a balcony or terrace – it might seem like the allure of trees is out of reach…but thankfully, there are plenty of smaller types perfect for planting in a pot. Indeed, potted trees are not only space-efficient, but they lend themselves well to ease of maintenance and relocation. “Pots are always a great idea in small gardens, as they give you the opportunity to change the feel and look of a space numerous times throughout the season,” shares Gardener Elliott Beveridge. That’s especially handy for more tender varieties, since they can be easily moved indoors when the temperature begins to drop. Considerations Be sure to select a tree that will thrive in the climate, light exposure and soil moisture of your garden, patio or terrace. You should also look out for “dwarfing” varieties of trees, since these will flourish well within the confines of a pot. Having said that, it’s likely that you’ll still have re-pot the tree to ensure its roots don’t become overcrowded in the limited space available to them. (Alternatively, you can simply prune the roots back and repot the tree in the same receptacle with fresh soil). Here are twenty ideal choices for containers: 1) Citrus HARDINESS RATING: VARIES; AVOID LOW TEMPERATURES MAX HEIGHT: VARIES PREFERRED SOIL: LOAM-BASED PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN; SHELTERED FRUITING MONTHS: VARIES Citrus trees make a great option for growing in a pot with ample dimensions, so take your pick from limes and lemons, oranges and tangerines, mandarins and kumquats. Not only can they furnish your kitchen cupboards with some delicious treats, but their slender trunks, lush green foliage and brightly coloured fruit add zest and zing to any backdrop they adorn. Of course, you should be mindful that citrus trees are very susceptible to colder temperatures, but choosing a dwarf variety that will flourish in a pot means that they can be moved inside with the minimum of fuss. You should also ensure they receive plentiful nutrition throughout the year; one tell-tale sign that a citrus tree is lacking in nitrogen is a yellowing of their leaves, so be on the lookout for such an occurrence and take steps to remedy it with the appropriate fertiliser. 2) Conifers HARDINESS RATING: MOSTLY H6/H7 MAX HEIGHT: VARIES PREFERRED SOIL: LOAM-BASED; SLIGHTLY ACIDIC PREFERRED ASPECT: ANY RECOMMENDED VARIETY: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ‘Minima Aurea’ Due to the fact that they bear leaves (often in the form of needles) all year round, conifers are an excellent, low maintenance option for sprucing up your displays whatever the season. Again, it’s advisable to choose a dwarf or slow-growing variety, since failure to do so will almost inevitably result in the tree outgrowing its pot before too long. Having said that, there are plenty of such options to choose from, including cypress, fir, juniper, pine and many more. Conifers require very little care throughout their lifespans. Simply plant them in a pot with well-draining soil and they’ll fend for themselves, but they will need watering, particularly in dry spells. They enjoy full sun and will benefit from annual fertilisation if the soil is of poor quality, but that last step is not a necessity in the majority of cases. You can plant them in pairs for a classy aesthetic, or even line up a row of them to create a shaded screening for additional privacy. 3) Fig BOTANICAL NAME: Ficus carica HARDINESS RATING: H4 MAX HEIGHT: 4M PREFERRED SOIL: SLIGHTLY ALKALINE PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN; SHELTERED FRUITING MONTHS: AUTUMN There’s something about the spindly trunks, gnarled branches and drooping leaves of a fig tree that brings to mind the deliciously lazy languor of a Mediterranean courtyard in the full heat of summer. Why not recreate that aesthetic in your own home? Pick an edible fruit-bearing variety and you’ll even have some succulent produce to supplement your salads and desserts. As is to be expected, fig trees perform best in warm climates with lengthy summers, but you can make them work in slightly cooler climes, as well. Just ensure they receive as much sun as possible and water them like there’s no tomorrow and you should still reap the fruits of your labour. You should, however, remember that a potted fig tree is likely to reach a smaller height and produce fewer and less juicy fruits than those grown in the ground. “For a pot, I can recommend Ficus carica ‘Brunswick’, ‘Brown Turkey’ or ‘White Marseilles’, as you won’t need pollinators for these varieties,” shares Master Horticulturist Dan Ori. 4) Flowering Dogwood BOTANICAL NAME: Cornus florida HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 8M PREFERRED SOIL: SLIGHTLY ACIDIC PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN OR PART SHADE FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING With their striking white or pink flowers that blossom every springtime, flowering dogwoods are one of the most visually impressive items on this list. Unfortunately, they’re also one of the highest maintenance options out there. Although it’s certainly possible to successfully grow a flowering dogwood tree in a pot, it might take a little more time, care and attention than other alternatives. That’s because flowering dogwood has complex root systems which grow at an alarming rate and an insatiable thirst for water. You can give yourself a head start by selecting the largest receptacle to plant it in that your available space allows, but even so, you’ll want to prune back the roots or upgrade to a larger pot on a fairly regular basis. You can also reduce the amount of watering that the plant requires by layering the topsoil with an organic mulch, which will help it to retain moisture. Having said that, flowering dogwood will still require a substantial amount of irrigation. 5) Japanese Maple BOTANICAL NAME: Acer palmatum HARDINESS RATING: H6 MAX HEIGHT: 8M PREFERRED SOIL: SLIGHTLY ACIDIC PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN OR PART SHADE; SHELTERED FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING FRUITING MONTHS: AUTUMN Japanese maples come in all shapes, sizes and colours, from the tiny bonsais which offer majestic spectacles in miniature, to their larger, looser leaved relatives. Whichever species you plump for, you’ll be guaranteed a gorgeous display of coloured foliage which positively shimmer in the right light. For best results, pick a weeping variety and prune it into your desired shape to create the aesthetic that you’re after. Even larger varieties of Japanese maple never grow to a huge height, making them a perfect choice for a potted plant on your balcony, terrace or garden. They’re a creature of moderate inclinations, so place them in full sun in cooler parts of the country and partial sun in hotter regions. They also don’t cope well in strong winds, so try to position them in a sheltered location if at all possible. “I recommend watering with rainwater over tap water when possible as rainwater is acidic and will help maintain an acidic soil pH, as opposed to tap water that has an alkaline pH,” shares Dan. “However, tap water is better than no water.” 6) Olive BOTANICAL NAME: Olea europaea HARDINESS RATING: H4 MAX HEIGHT: 8M PREFERRED SOIL: ANY PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN FLOWERING MONTHS: SUMMER Continuing the Mediterranean theme started with figs above, olive trees are another sultry and stylish addition to a patio. The fact that their roots penetrate to far shallower depths than other trees of a similar size means that if you plant them in a large enough container at the outset, you may never need to repot them throughout the entirety of their life cycle. Although the fruit might be the major selling point for some people, it can create an oily mess if left to drop from the branches onto a patio or, even worse, a carpet, so keep an eye on them when the olives look ripe. 7) Privet BOTANICAL NAME: Ligustrum ovalifolium HARDINESS RATING: H4-H6 MAX HEIGHT: 4-8M PREFERRED SOIL: ANY PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN OR PART SHADE FLOWERING MONTHS: SUMMER FRUITING MONTHS: AUTUMN Are there any amateur topiarists in the house? If so, a privet might be the perfect tree for you. The stubby trunks and dense foliage of these deciduous plants make them an excellent canvas upon which to exert your artistic abilities by trimming them into pyramids, globes or pillars. Alternatively, you could plant several privets in a row to create a dense hedge, which not only offers privacy, but can act as a highly effective sound barrier, as well. Potted privets require much the same treatment as they would when planted in the ground. Primarily, they demand good drainage in the soil, since they will quickly succumb to waterlogged roots. They enjoy full to partial sun and should be transplanted to a larger container every few years, or when their roots have outgrown their receptacle. Transplanting can usually be managed at any time of the year without any adverse effects to their growth. 8) Starry Magnolia BOTANICAL NAME: Magnolia stellata HARDINESS RATING: H6 MAX HEIGHT: 1.5-2.5M PREFERRED SOIL: ANY PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN OR PART SHADE; SHELTERED FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING The drooping delicacy of the floral blossoms on a magnolia tree make them quite the impressive addition to any outdoor setting. Unfortunately, the sheer size of most magnolia varieties make them unsuitable for planting in a pot, but starry magnolias are one of the few exceptions to that rule. Even so, these beautiful trees can still grow up to four metres in height, so stay on top of your pruning duties to ensure it doesn’t grow too big. Speaking of which, it’s imperative that you choose a container that’s several sizes larger than the initial root ball of the plant, since all magnolias like to spread out and occupy their space as much as they can. You should ensure that the soil remains moist but not saturated, so adequate drainage at the bottom and regular mulching at the top will help your starry magnolia to reach its full potential. 9) Sweet Bay BOTANICAL NAME: Laurus nobilis HARDINESS RATING: H4 MAX HEIGHT: 8-12M PREFERRED SOIL: ANY PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN OR PART SHADE FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING FRUITING MONTHS: AUTUMN RHS AWARD OF GARDEN MERIT As notable for its aromatic leaves (which can complement a range of culinary dishes) as it is for its aesthetically pleasing appearance, sweet bay is a small and slender tree that lends itself well to potting. Like the privet mentioned above, the dark green foliage of bay can be easily trimmed into conical or spherical shapes to create a nice accent to your existing exterior décor. What’s more, those offshoots can then be hung up to dry and used to flavour stews, soups and curries. Potted bay trees do best when given plentiful light and water, but they don’t react well to the most extreme rays of the sun in hotter environments. But water it well on a consistent basis and protect it from the most sweltering of afternoons (a rare occasion in the UK, we know) and you’ll be rewarded with an end product that’s as practical in the kitchen as it is easy on the eye. 10) Witch Hazel BOTANICAL NAME: Hamamelis HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 4M PREFERRED SOIL: SLIGHTLY ACIDIC PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN OR PART SHADE FLOWERING MONTHS: WINTER RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Diane’, ‘Jelena’, ‘Vesna’ For a slightly unusual aesthetic in your garden, a potted witch hazel might just be a left-field option that’ll spice up your display. They’re characterised by their highly distinctive floral blossoms, which take the form of a dark red sphere bearing long, thin yellow petals. That stunning spectacle, coupled with witch hazel’s trademark fragrance, make it a perfect choice for placing on a patio or decked area where the colours will complement the backdrop and the scent can reach your nostrils every time you step outside. Although these bewitching plants are often regarded as being more difficult to cultivate, they lend themselves fairly well to potting. That’s because they can tolerate most soil types, react well in both full and partial sunshine and require only moderate watering. Left to their own devices, they’ll soon outgrow the dimensions of their pot, but if you take the time to prune them back on a regular basis, they’re easily kept in line. 11) Creeping Blue Blossom BOTANICAL NAME: Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens HARDINESS RATING: H4 MAX HEIGHT: 1.5M PREFERRED SOIL: SLIGHTLY ALKALINE PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN; SHELTERED FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING / SUMMER RHS AWARD OF GARDEN MERIT 12) Camellia BOTANICAL NAME: CAMELLIA HARDINESS RATING: H4 MAX HEIGHT: 4M PREFERRED SOIL: SLIGHTLY ACIDIC PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SHADE OR PART SHADE; SHELTERED FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING AGM RECOMMENDED VARIETY: ‘SPRING FESTIVAL’ 13) Crab Apple BOTANICAL NAME: Malus sylvestris HARDINESS RATING: H6 MAX HEIGHT: 12M+ PREFERRED SOIL: ANY PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN OR PART SHADE FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING FRUITING MONTHS: AUTUMN 14) Juneberry BOTANICAL NAME: Amelanchier lamarckii HARDINESS RATING: H7 MAX HEIGHT: 8-10M PREFERRED SOIL: SLIGHTLY ACIDIC PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN OR PART SHADE FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING FRUITING MONTHS: SUMMER RHS AWARD OF GARDEN MERIT 15) Lilac BOTANICAL NAME: Syringa pubescens HARDINESS RATING: H6 MAX HEIGHT: 2.5M PREFERRED SOIL: SLIGHTLY ALKALINE PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING AGM RECOMMENDED VARIETY: ‘MISS KIM’ 16) Yoshino Cherry ‘Ivensii’ BOTANICAL NAME: Prunus × yedoensis HARDINESS RATING: H6 MAX HEIGHT: 8M PREFERRED SOIL: ANY PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING RECOMMENDED VARIETY: ‘IVENSII’ 17) Cider Gum BOTANICAL NAME: Eucalyptus gunnii HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 10M+ PREFERRED SOIL: SLIGHTLY ACIDIC PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN; SHELTERED FLOWERING MONTHS: SUMMER RHS AWARD OF GARDEN MERIT 18) Sycamore BOTANICAL NAME: Acer pseudoplatanus HARDINESS RATING: H7 MAX HEIGHT: 8M PREFERRED SOIL: ANY PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN OR PART SHADE FRUITING MONTHS: AUTUMN RECOMMENDED VARIETY: ‘Brilliantissimum’ 19) Mexican Orange Blossom BOTANICAL NAME: Choisya ternata HARDINESS RATING: H4 MAX HEIGHT: 2.5M PREFERRED SOIL: ANY PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN; SHELTERED FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING / AUTUMN RECOMMENDED VARIETY: ‘SUNDANCE’ 20) Flamingo Willow BOTANICAL NAME: Salix integra ‘Hakuro-nishiki’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 MAX HEIGHT: 2.5M PREFERRED SOIL: ANY PREFERRED ASPECT: FULL SUN FLOWERING MONTHS: SPRING AWARD OF GARDEN MERIT
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12 Versatile Yellow-Flowering Shrubs You'll Love For Bold Garden Colour
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Azalea 2) Cotton Lavender 3) Forsythia 4) Japanese Rose 5) Lydian Broom 6) Magnolia Yellow River 7) Mahonia 8) Potentilla 9) Rose Bush 10) St. John’s Wort 11) Sun King 12) Witch Hazel References Cultivate some cheer and charm in your garden with these yellow flowering shrubs. There aren’t many colours that are brighter or more joyful than yellow. Whatever background it adorns, yellow seems to bring a burst of optimism and happiness to proceedings, which can make it an ideal addition to your garden. Although it will slot in seamlessly alongside any existing colour scheme, it lends itself particularly well to the lush greenery of foliage and the dark brown of timber. Shrubs are a great way to introduce some yellow into your garden, since they are generally quite resilient to the vagaries of the Great British climate, highly versatile in their shapes and sizes and bring a tiered aesthetic to their surroundings. “I like to combine shrubs with clear vertical structures alongside more mounded shapes for maximum interest,” shares Peter Lickorish, a Master Horticulturist. The selection of yellow flowering shrubs below have been chosen for their aptitude for growing in the UK, their ease of cultivation and the various attributes they offer. 1) Azalea BOTANICAL NAME: RHODODENDRON HARDINESS RATING: H6 BLOOM TIME: SPRING PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE PREFERRED SOIL: ACIDIC Azaleas are versatile shrubs that can be either deciduous or evergreen, depending upon the particular genus grown. They also offer a spectrum of different yellows which vary from species to species. The Rhododendron luteum pictured above, for example, produces delicately yellow flowers with a tinge of green, while others like golden oriole take on a lemonier hue, sometimes inflected with flashes of orange or white. Whichever azalea you plump for, remember that they do best in acidic soil and will enjoy a fair amount of sunlight. If growing in the south of England, you may wish to transplant them to a shadier spot of the garden, since excessive heat can be detrimental to their growth. It’s also worth bearing in mind that some non-native strains are considered invasive, meaning you’ll need to keep an eye on it to ensure it doesn’t encroach on its neighbours’ territory.1 2) Cotton Lavender BOTANICAL NAME: Santolina chamaecyparissus HARDINESS RATING: H5 BLOOM TIME: SUMMER PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN PREFERRED SOIL: ANY; WELL-DRAINED Cotton lavender is quite the head-turner. The monochrome of its silver-green foliage, which will stay strong all year round, is perfectly set off by the bright yellow blossoms of late spring and early summer. What’s more, those blooms take the form of sponge-like globes, while the leaves can look different depending on the time of day; what resembled glistening metal in the midday sun can adopt an almost bluish hue at dusk, making it truly stand out from the pack. Cotton lavender generally grows up to just over 50cm in height and just under 1m in spread, making it more of a ground cover solution than a privacy screen. Alternatively, use it as a loose, low hedge. It favours slightly alkaline soil (so areas which enjoy reduced rainfall) and prefers good drainage, which are two of the factors that make it resistant to drought. Having said that, it will still appreciate regular watering in its infancy to allow the roots to take hold. 3) Forsythia RECOMMENDED SPECIES: FORSYTHIA TOGASHII HARDINESS RATING: H5 BLOOM TIME: SPRING PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE PREFERRED SOIL: ANY; WELL-DRAINED One of the earliest blooming shrubs available, forsythia is a sight for sore eyes to many in horticulture, since its arrival signals the demise of winter. There are a wide variety of different types of forsythia available, though all are characterised by their long, spindly branches teeming with bright yellow flowers. The shrub does produce verdant foliage too, but the leaves are invariably preceded by its blooms, affording you unobstructed visual access to them. Forsythias are one of the more sizeable options on this list and can grow up to 3m in height, which makes them perfect for those looking for a tree-like shrub to screen their garden or obscure a wall or fence. They aren’t recommended for use as a hedge, however, since they have a tendency to grow quite unruly. They’ll thrive in sunlight and require minimal maintenance, other than occasional pruning to keep that aforementioned unruliness in check. 4) Japanese Rose BOTANICAL NAME: KERRIA JAPONICA HARDINESS RATING: H5 BLOOM TIME: SPRING PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE PREFERRED SOIL: ANY Despite the name, this impressive shrub doesn’t actually produce roses. Its blooms are none the poorer for that fact, however, with both single- and double-blossoming varieties available. The flowers themselves are much more delicate than a traditional rose, while the dainty green leaves which grow behind them are the perfect complement and will last all year round. Pruning after the first blossoms have withered away can create a second display in late summer. Aside from their vibrant colour scheme, Japanese rose bushes are prized for the informality and creativity of their shape. It is possible to train the shrub into a hedge, but it’s not advised, since it will require a significant amount of hard work and negates the pleasure of watching the plant develop in its own, inimitable way. It can exceed even forsythia in size, however, so be mindful of its growth potential when planting. 5) Lydian Broom BOTANICAL NAME: Genista lydia HARDINESS RATING: H5 BLOOM TIME: SUMMER PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN PREFERRED SOIL: ANY; WELL-DRAINED This prolific flowerer is reminiscent of its cousin, the common broom (sometimes known as Scotch broom), which grows in plentiful supply throughout Scotland. Like its northern relative, Lydian broom can be considered invasive, so it’s imperative to make sure it doesn’t sprawl out of control. However, the rewards of proper maintenance are clear for all to see. As the photograph above amply demonstrates, the blossoms on a Lydian broom are so plentiful that they actually crowd out almost all of the tiny green leaves behind them. The shrub never gains too much ground clearance – around 50cm, in general, which makes it ideal for use as ground cover or as part of a rockery. It’ll do best in sandy soils which drain quickly, since an overabundance of water will inhibit its growth (which is, incidentally, a top tip for bringing it to heel if it does start to encroach upon neighbouring plants). 6) Magnolia Yellow River BOTANICAL NAME: Magnolia denudata ‘Yellow River’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 BLOOM TIME: SPRING PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE PREFERRED SOIL: SLIGHTLY ACIDIC This deciduous plant hails from China and is also known as Fei Huang.2 It is, strictly speaking, a tree, but can also be cultivated as a large shrub with careful pruning, and will produce dramatic displays of buttery yellow blossoms each spring. Like forsythia, magnolia yellow river blooms well before the foliage appears, meaning the goblet-like flowers provide a brilliant contrast to the naked branches as the seasons begin to turn. As well as being easy on the eye, they also produce a delightful fragrance, as well. It thrives in both full and partial sun, though it doesn’t like to be deprived of sunlight altogether. It’s fairly hardy and will handle most soils without a problem, while it can exceed 4m in both height and spread, so it’s a good idea to plant it in a location where it has the space to grow out. 7) Mahonia RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘WINTER SUN’, ‘CHARITY’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 BLOOM TIME: Late AUTUMN / WINTER / Early spring PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE PREFERRED SOIL: ANY well-drained soil Mahonia is an eye-catching shrub that comes in many varieties. The Mahonia x media strain pictured above is often known as Oregon Grape and produces distinctive holly-like leaves that fan away from its centre, while spiny stems bearing clusters of tiny yellow flowers burst upwards. The blossoms are followed by purple berries, as well, which are edible once cooked but carry an excessively sour taste that isn’t everyone’s cup of tea.3 Mahonia can reach up to 4m in height and a similar radius in spread, meaning it’s another yellow flowering shrub that likes its own space and doesn’t have much respect for that of others. Due to its size, it’s best used as a backdrop against a fence or wall, with some smaller plants in front to provide a pleasing contrast. The foliage and flowers rise up the stems with time, leaving a framework of sculpted bark underneath, which is great for planting below. 8) Potentilla RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘NANA ARGENTEA’, ‘King Cup’, ‘PRIMROSE BEAUTY’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 BLOOM TIME: SUMMER / AUTUMN PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE PREFERRED SOIL: ANY well-drained soil Instantly recognisable by its buttercup-like blossoms and masses of frothy foliage, potentilla is another plant that comes in a wide variety of different types. It’s also known as shrubby cinquefoil and offers a more understated option for gardeners looking for a less ostentatious display, since the yellow of the flowers is far outnumbered by the green of the leaves. It should be remembered, however, that it’s a deciduous species, meaning it can look quite forlorn during the winter. Potentilla is on the smaller side of the shrubs in this selection, meaning it’s ideal as part of a border which will add subtle accents but won’t hog all the attention. It’s also a great choice for UK gardens due to its ability to hold up even under the most inclement conditions and isn’t fussy when it comes to soil types, though it does demand decent drainage. 9) Rose Bush BOTANICAL NAME: ROSA RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘AUSMAS’, ‘SUNSPRITE’, ‘JULIA CHILD’, ‘ARTHUR BELL’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 BLOOM TIME: SUMMER / AUTUMN PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN PREFERRED SOIL: ANY A flower which needs little introduction, the humble rose is the darling of the gardening world. In horticultural folklore, yellow roses are thought to signify joy and friendship, so planting them in abundance in your garden should theoretically bring you plenty of both!4 There are, again, many strains to choose from, but all will impart a delicate beauty and a timeless charm to whatever surroundings they inhabit. They’re deciduous plants, flowering from late spring throughout summer and even into autumn, and it’s one of life’s most exquisite pleasures to witness a rose unfurl itself in all its loveliness come blooming time. As with all types of rose bush, it’s best to deadhead them regularly in order to promote continual displays, while careful pruning every spring will ensure they keep coming back every year. 10) St. John’s Wort BOTANICAL NAME: Hypericum x HIDCOTEENSE RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘HIDCOTE’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 BLOOM TIME: SUMMER / AUTUMN PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE PREFERRED SOIL: ANY If you prefer a medium-sized shrub with fewer (but larger) flowers, St John’s wort is likely the ideal choice for you. This dazzling specimen has dark green leaves topped off by a rich golden flowerhead, with delicate tendrils at its centre that draw the eye – and draw the attention of bees, butterflies and other pollinators. As such, it’s an excellent plant for encouraging biodiversity in your garden. Some varieties of the plant are prolific self-seeders and considered semi-invasive, so be mindful of staying on top of its cultivation to prevent it from taking over your space. Having said that, not all species pose the same risks and given that the plant requires little in the way of encouragement, it’s a relatively hassle-free option that provides great contrast and colour. 11) Sun King BOTANICAL NAME: Sophora microphylla ‘SUN KING’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 BLOOM TIME: SPRING PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN PREFERRED SOIL: ANY; WELL-DRAINED This tall, broad shrub is quite unique on this list due to the downward-facing nature of its flowerheads. The plant is characterised by sprouting stems, off of which pairs of dark green glossy leaves spring, while the lengthy yellow anthers of the flower droop in the direction of the ground. It’s also a late winter bloomer, which is yet another distinction from the majority of other yellow flowering shrubs, making it a great choice if you wish to spruce up your displays in the colder months. As the name suggests, Sun king prefers full exposure to the sun and will struggle if it’s kept even in partial shade. It does best in light, sandy soil that enjoys excellent drainage, while it can be easily propagated by grafting towards the end of the calendar year. It’s capable of growing up to 3m in both height and spread, so position it in your garden accordingly. 12) Witch Hazel BOTANICAL NAME: Hamamelis RECOMMENDED VARIETIES: ‘Barmstedt Gold’, ‘Wisley Supreme’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 BLOOM TIME: WINTER PREFERRED SUNLIGHT: FULL SUN / PART SHADE PREFERRED SOIL: SLIGHTLY ACIDIC This distinctive shrub is another early bloomer, with its flowers appearing at the tail end of winter or in the early spring. The blossoms themselves are quite unlike any other; instead of the oversized petals or plentiful clusters of some of the other plants mentioned above, witch hazel features reddish-brown spheres, off which long, thin and curling petals emerge. It also carries its own “dry” scent, which can complement other, more potent aromas in the garden well. Witch hazels carry something of a reputation for being tricky to cultivate, but as long as you plant them in a spot that receives plenty of sunlight, they should do well. They prefer soil that’s on the acidic side, but you can compensate for that by loading neutral terrain with organic matter. Some cultivars promise an excellent foliar display during the autumn months, while the cuttings will look very attractive arranged in a pot indoors. References 1. Simons, P. (2015, April 16). A spectacular thug is out of control. The Guardian. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/apr/16/rhododendron-ponticum-thug-invasive-out-of-control-plantwatch 2. Magnolia denudata Yellow River (‘Fei Huang’). (n.d.). Van Den Berk Nurseries. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.vdberk.co.uk/trees/magnolia-denudata-yellow-river-fei-huang/ 3. Mahonia Mélange. (2017, September 16). Eat the Weeds. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.eattheweeds.com/mahonia-melange/ 4. The Meaning and Symbolism Behind Yellow Roses. (2020, February 13). Flora Queen. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.floraqueen.com/blog/the-meaning-and-symbolism-behind-yellow-roses
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