Growing
Pruning Berberis Varies By Deciduous And Evergreen Types (But Can Be Pruned Back Hard)
IN THIS GUIDE Pruning Deciduous Types Pruning Evergreen Types Dramatic Renovation Pruning Berberis can be very easy and straightforward shrubs to grow in your garden. They do not typically require a lot of care and can be good choices for relatively low-maintenance displays. When it comes to pruning berberis, many types will not typically need regular maintenance pruning at all. However, if you are keeping them neat, as hedging for example, then you will need to prune them more often, and specimens that have become very large can often be pruned dramatically and respond well. How you prune berberis will depend on whether you are growing a deciduous or evergreen type, as we discuss in this article. Difficulty Easy Equipment Required Secateurs, gloves, pruning saw (optional) When To Prune Depends on type Pruning Deciduous Types Berberis thunbergii are the most popular deciduous berberis to grow. These, and most other deciduous types, should be pruned in mid to late winter, during the plants’ dormant phase. Dead wood can also be removed in mid-summer when it is easier to identify. Where plants are grown for autumn colour, it is typically best to keep pruning to a minimum. Just remove dead, damaged or diseased branches as required. You can also prune out a few of the oldest stems to ground level every few years, since this encourages new shoots with more vibrant foliage. Types like ‘Aurea’ and ‘Rose Glow’ with bright and variegated leaves can be cut back harder to enhance the spring display if you wish. Taller, upright cultivars like ‘Helmond Pillar’ may also benefit from the removal of errant shoots to preserve their shape. If you are growing deciduous berberis for hedging, you can clip them in summer to keep them neat, but note that this will mean that you will miss out on their berries. “I always wear a thick pair of gloves when I’m pruning Berberis species due to their spiny nature,” shares Master Horticulturist Collin Skelly. “Whilst a character trait needing avoidance by gardeners, this attribute does make Berberis a great deterrent barrier should you need one.” Pruning Evergreen Types Most evergreen berberis needs only minimal pruning to remove unwanted or errant shoots. This pruning should be undertaken (if required) immediately after flowering in early to mid-summer, or, alternatively, in autumn or winter if you want berries to form. The popular Berberis darwinii can become very large and since the shrubs only flower and fruit on branch tips, in confined spaces, it can be a good idea to prune annually to keep the shrub looking good, as well as to restrict it in size somewhat. Again, formal hedges can be clipped in summer, but as with deciduous types, if you do so you won’t get berries later in the year. Informal hedges are best pruned in autumn or winter by simply shortening any stems that appear out of place. Dramatic Renovation Pruning Though you don’t necessarily have to prune berberis much at all, especially when growing smaller and more compact, slower-growing types, you can prune back hard if necessary. These shrubs respond well to hard pruning and if you have a very large or overgrown specimen, this could be something to consider. Hard renovation pruning involves cutting the whole plant back to as little as 30cm above ground level in late winter. Mulch with organic matter after pruning for the best chance of recovery. New, healthy growth should emerge in the spring, but note that after such hard pruning, the shrub will not flower and fruit during the same growing season.
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Avoid Waterlogged Soils And Mulch Well To Overwinter Berberis Successfully
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Prune In Dormancy 2) Avoid Waterlogged Soils 3) Mulch Well Berberis, also known as barberry, is a group of evergreen and deciduous shrubs grown for ornamental purposes and attracting wildlife. Berberis are tough and hardy shrubs and will tolerate all but the harshest winter here in the UK. Even though berberis tends to require little maintenance, caring for berberis over the winter period in the UK requires gardeners to follow these simple steps: Prune deciduous and evergreen varieties of berberis over the winter months. Avoid letting berberis sit in waterlogged soil. Apply a layer of mulch for winter protection from cold. This process is explained in more depth below. Difficulty Easy Equipment Required Gloves, secateurs, spade or trowel 1) Prune In Dormancy Pruning of both deciduous and evergreen varieties of berberis can be performed from mid to late winter to control their size and shape. However, when handling berberis, thick gloves and clothing are highly recommended to protect against their spines. Once deciduous berberis have dropped their leaves and entered dormancy, they can be pruned with a sharp, clean pair of secateurs. Minimal pruning is usually required and is limited to the removal of misplaced stems, keeping to size and thinning of older stems every 3-4 years to encourage new growth. Evergreen varieties can be pruned in summer after flowering. However, to preserve their berries for wildlife during the colder months, they can also be pruned in mid-winter. If renovation pruning is required, berberis shrubs can be cut back hard in late winter, before being given feed and mulch to encourage new growth. 2) Avoid Waterlogged Soils Berberis will grow well in most moist and well-drained soils, but will struggle if grown in very wet or waterlogged sites, especially during the winter. To improve soil drainage, organic matter can be added at the time of planting and annually as a mulch. 3) Mulch Well Along with not tolerating poorly drained soils, berberis do not like to be allowed to completely dry out and require watering, even when established during hot and dry spells. Applying a thick layer of mulch in late winter will not only help improve the soil’s structure and fertility but will help conserve moisture during the warmer months and even suppress weeds. To prove effective, a layer of organic matter, leaf mould or wood chippings 5-7cm thick needs to be applied, leaving a small area clear around the stems of the plant.
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Maple Society Chairman On 3 Issues That Are Common With Acer Plants
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Environmental Issues 2) Verticillium Wilt 3) Pest Problems References Whether you are growing them in the soil in your garden, or have a smaller type in a pot, you should find Acers a relatively hassle-free addition to your space. However, as always in gardening, there are times when things don’t go entirely according to plan. Some of the most common growing problems and issues you may encounter when growing around maples are: Environmental Issues – which can cause leaf scorch. Diseases – such as verticillium wilt and other fungal issues. Pest Problems – such as aphids and horse chestnut scale. We’ll take a look at these most common issues and problems below, so read on to find out a little more. 1) Environmental Issues Many of the issues which can arise when growing maples can be prevented by understanding the growing needs of these plants and placing them in the right location. Acers typically prefer a site in full sun or partial shade, in a sheltered spot out of drying winds. The soil or growing medium must remain moist, but should also be free-draining since waterlogging can be a problem. They tend to prefer acidic or neutral soil but can grow very well in all but the most alkaline of soil environments and are far less fussy about soil pH than many people imagine. Leaf Scorch The popular Japanese maples (Acer palmatum) can be prone to leaf scorch. In fact, this is the most common issue encountered when growing these plants in the UK.1 If you are growing a type with heavily dissected leaves then you are particularly likely to encounter this problem. Leaf scorch is when leaves turn brown on the tips and may curl or shrivel up. Brown leaves on Acers are commonly caused by environmental stresses, such as frosts, drying winds, waterlogging, drought or intense sun. Leaf scorch occurs whenever leaves lose moisture more quickly than water can be taken up by the roots of the plant. Fortunately, though it can look unsightly, the damage to the leaves is rarely long term and most Acers will recover as conditions improve. 2) Verticillium Wilt “The most common problems maple enthusiasts may encounter are Pseudomonas bacterial infection and vascular diseases produced by the Fusarium and Verticillium fungi,” explains Agustin Coello-Vera, Chairman of The Maple Society. Verticillium wilt is a fungal disease borne in the soil which can impact a range of plants – maples included. This disease can cause maple leaves to yellow, wilt and die back. Though this problem can arise throughout the year, it is most likely to strike during hot weather in summer. The fungal issue begins in the roots, and as the problem spreads, brown or black streaks can be seen in woody tissue under the bark and branch dieback may occasionally occur. Good garden hygiene is key to preventing the spread of this soil-borne disease. Unfortunately, if this problem is present in the soil, an infection can recur. Acers are one of the plants most susceptible to this, so if you have an outbreak, it would be better to select more resistant options for your garden. There are also some other fungal issues that can cause problems for Acers, especially when the environmental growing conditions leave something to be desired. “If your leaves are turning yellow or are off colour and it is not autumn, this could be due to disease or fungal issues like Verticillium wilt. “Equally the leaf discolouration can be due to pest attack, exposure to cold, conditions too dry, conditions too wet, too much sun, or it could also be something called Chlorosis (a nutrient deficiency),” says Dan Ori. Dan explains that Chlorosis can be common in Japanese maples grown in alkaline conditions. “To combat Chlorosis in Acers caused by high pH conditions, repot or top-dress with ericaceous compost and use rainwater if possible.” 3) Pest Problems Finally, though these are not usually such major problems for maple growers, your Acer may also be plagued by pests. Aphids & Horse Chestnut Scale Aphids, for example, are one sap-sucking species that can be attracted to Acers and reduce a plant in vigour a little if the infestation is severe. Horse chestnut scale is another pest that can be encountered when growing Acer in a garden. Luckily, both of these pests rarely become extreme problems and by adopting the principles and practices of integrated pest management and organic gardening approaches, it is usually possible to keep an ecosystem in balance. Remember, you need to have some pests in your garden, so the goal is not to eradicate them entirely but to keep their populations in control. The pests’ presence is required for healthy populations of the beneficial predatory wildlife that helps to keep their numbers down. References 1. Acer: leaf scorch. (n.d.). Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved March 9, 2023, from https://www.rhs.org.uk/problems/acer-leaf-scorch
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60 Plants With Yellow Flowers Specially Chosen By Professional Horticulturists
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Primrose 2) Yellow Archangel 3) Gold Dust 4) Rockrose 5) Daffodil 6) Carnation ‘Golden Sceptre’ 7) Giant Knapweed 8) Cup Plant 9) Yarrow ‘Moonshine’ 10) Prickly Pear 11) Olympian Mullein 12) Creeping Buttercup 13) Goldenrod ‘Goldenmosa’ 14) Yellow Daylily 15) Drumsticks 16) Yellow Flame Flower 17) Yellow Snapdragon 18) Bear’s Ear 19) Evening Trumpet Flower 20) Tulip ‘Yellow Purissima’ 21) Rough Hawkbit 22) Bay Tree 23) Laburnum 24) Chrysanthemum ‘Yellow Starlet’ 25) Weeping Forsythia 26) Mimosa 27) Tickseed ‘Early Sunrise’ 28) Rose Of Sharon 29) Yellow Corydalis 30) Hyacinth ‘Yellow Queen’ 31) Double Meadow Buttercup 32) Ludlow’s Tree Peony 33) Butterfly Bush ‘Honeycomb’ 34) Yellow Bells 35) Marsh Marigold 36) Rose ‘Graham Thomas’ 37) Meadow Rue 38) Black-Eyed Susan 39) Freesia ‘Fragrant Sunburst’ 40) Gold Medallion Tree 41) Stalked Bulbine 42) Yellow Blanket Flower 43) Rose ‘Mountbatten’ 44) Darwin’s Barberry 45) Yellow Garlic ‘Jeannine’ 46) St John’s Wort 47) Pansy ‘Sorbet Yellow Delight’ 48) Fennel 49) Hellebore ‘Yellow Lady’ 50) Fern-Leaved Beggar Tick 51) Persian Buttercup ‘Aviv Yellow’ 52) Mount Omei Busy Lizzie 53) Sunflower ‘Sunsation Yellow’ 54) Kowhai ‘Sun King’ 55) Glaucous Scorpion-Vetch 56) Winter Aconite 57) Yellow Honeysuckle 58) Night-Blooming Jasmine 59) Everlasting Flower ‘Visual Gold Yellow’ 60) Chinese Witch Hazel References Are you looking for a lovely yellow-flowering plant to grow in your garden? If so, you’ve come to the right place! In this guide, we share sixty(!) plants with yellow flowers that can be used to brighten up your flower beds and bring some sunshine to your garden displays. From large trees and golden shrubs to small houseplants and herbs, there is something on this list for everyone that will hopefully inspire you to get planting. 1) Primrose BOTANICAL NAME: Primula vulgaris HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0.1-0.3m spread Often presenting creamy-yellow flowers that flower in the spring, Primula vulgaris or ‘Common Primrose’ is the perfect way to start this list. These fragrant flowers are often found in UK gardens as they are easy to plant and are a great choice for filling in any space you may have in your garden beds or borders. 2) Yellow Archangel BOTANICAL NAME: Lamium galeobdolon HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Native to the UK and other parts of Europe, yellow archangels are wildflowers that are popular with pollinators and wildlife-friendly gardens. With glossy leaves and hooded yellow flowers that appear in summer, this hardy perennial grows best in a shaded location and can grow up to 50cm in height with double the spread. 3) Gold Dust BOTANICAL NAME: Aurinia saxatilis HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Another perennial that is great for pollinators, Aurinia saxatilis, also known as gold dust, flowers from early spring until the end of summer. This evergreen perennial produces clusters of tiny yellow flowers on thin stems and it will thrive in the well-drained conditions of a rock or gravel garden. 4) Rockrose BOTANICAL NAME: Helianthemum nummularium HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Rockrose is, unsurprisingly, another yellow flowering plant that is suited to the dry conditions that rock gardens provide. With long-lasting blooms and delicate evergreen foliage, rockrose is a relatively easy-to-grow plant if planted in a site that receives plenty of sun. 5) Daffodil BOTANICAL NAME: Narcissus pseudonarcissus HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulb / perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0-0.1m spread A UK garden favourite, daffodils are bulbous perennials that are planted in autumn for flowers that appear as early as February. Their trumpet-shaped blooms add some colour to garden displays in the darker months and are great for growing with other spring bulbs in a lasagne planting scheme. 6) Carnation ‘Golden Sceptre’ BOTANICAL NAME: Dianthus ‘Golden Sceptre’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Carnations come in a wide range of wonderful colours, but ‘Golden Sceptre’ is a great choice if you’re after a bright yellow summer bloom. Preferring an alkaline soil, grow this perennial in full sun in a traditional cottage garden planting scheme or your flower beds and borders. 7) Giant Knapweed BOTANICAL NAME: Centaurea macrocephala HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With frilly flower heads that grow on erect stems up to 1.5m tall, the giant knapweed is a summer-flowering perennial that will need to be lifted and divided regularly to stop it from spreading too much in one place. However, if you’re willing to put in the time, this hardy plant can make a great addition to most garden displays. 8) Cup Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Silphium perfoliatum HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread A shrubby plant that can reach up to 2.5m in height, Silphium perfoliatum has bright yellow, daisy-like flowers that would look great at the back of a garden border. The cup plant will need to be planted in a loam-based growing medium, but once it is established, should be fairly easy to care for. 9) Yarrow ‘Moonshine’ BOTANICAL NAME: Achillea ‘Moonshine’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread ‘Moonshine’ is a yellow flowering variety of yarrow that flowers in summer and autumn, producing clusters of tiny blooms that grow on tall stems. Beloved by pollinators, grow yarrow in an exposed position in full sun in a wildlife garden or a more traditional cottage planting scheme. The drought tolerance of this plant makes it a great choice for borders which bake. 10) Prickly Pear BOTANICAL NAME: Opuntia polyacantha HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: succulent / houseplant / cactus FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread Typically grown as a houseplant here in the UK, the prickly pear plant is a cactus with a spreading habit that bears yellow flowers throughout the summer months. These succulents will do best in temperatures of around 18°C, but should not be subject to anything cooler than 10°C as then they will not flower. 11) Olympian Mullein BOTANICAL NAME: Verbascum olympicum HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread When grown in a suitable position in full sun with chalk or loam-based growing medium that has an alkaline pH, olympian mullein will produce lovely clusters of pale yellow, bell-shaped flowers in the summer months. I’d recommend growing this perennial against a wall or trellis at the back of a garden bed so it can add ornamental value to your displays whilst still getting the support it needs. Though it can seed freely, individual plants are only short-lived perennials. 12) Creeping Buttercup BOTANICAL NAME: Ranunculus repens HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Ranunculus repens, also known as the creeping buttercup, is a deciduous, summer-flowering plant that is often seen in grassy fields and is considered a weed here in the UK. Buttercups are great for planting alongside other summer-flowering perennials in a wildflower meadow display where they can spread freely. 13) Goldenrod ‘Goldenmosa’ BOTANICAL NAME: Solidago ‘Goldenmosa’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Not only does this woody perennial bear clusters of yellow flowers over the summer, but the stems of ‘Goldenmosa’ that grow up to 1m tall are also a vivid shade of yellow. This plant needs a sand-based growing medium to flower successfully and cannot cope in moist soil that is prone to waterlogging. “I love the fuzz of yellow this plant adds to planting schemes and its very uniform height works well with taller plants, such as Verbena bonariensis, poking through it,” shares Master Horticulturist Peter Lickorish. 14) Yellow Daylily BOTANICAL NAME: Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: SEMI-EVERGREEN FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Daylilies are lovely garden flowers and this yellow variety is no exception. With sunny blooms that appear at the start of summer growing from stems 1m in height, daylilies are great for planting in moist soil that can often be too damp for other perennials, like goldenrod ‘Goldenmosa’, to survive in. 15) Drumsticks BOTANICAL NAME: Craspedia globosa HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: perennial / annual FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Drumsticks, botanically known as Craspedia globosas, are usually grown as annuals in UK gardens. Their unique flowers are spherical in shape and can be used as cut flowers around the home – either when they are freshly harvested or after being dried out. 16) Yellow Flame Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Tropaeolum ciliatum HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: climber / shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 4-8m in height, 2.5-4m spread A large climbing shrub, Tropaeolum ciliatum bears star-shaped yellow flowers with long stamens in the summer and autumn. Growing up to 8m in height with a 4m spread, this deciduous plant would look great at the back of a border and can even be used for garden hedging if you are willing to take the time to prune it as such. 17) Yellow Snapdragon BOTANICAL NAME: Antirrhinum majus ‘Sonnet Yellow’ HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial / annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Snapdragons are popular choices for traditional cottage gardens, and ‘Sonnet Yellow’ is a lovely variety to choose if it’s yellow blooms you are after. Slightly smaller than other varieties, this snapdragon only grows up to 1m tall and is commonly grown as an annual here in the UK due to its H3 hardiness rating. 18) Bear’s Ear BOTANICAL NAME: Primula auricula HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread A small evergreen, bear’s ears produce dainty star-shaped flowers during the spring that can bring some colour to your garden beds or borders at the time of the year when it can be lacking. This hardy perennial is easy to grow and care for and bears a wonderful aroma when in bloom. “‘Old Gold’ is one of my favourite yellow cultivars of this plant,” adds Peter. 19) Evening Trumpet Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Gelsemium sempervirens HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: shrub / climber / perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 2.5-4m in height, 0.5-1m spread Another perennial with fragrant flowers, the evening trumpet flower is a spreading shrub that produces star-shaped, tubular blooms throughout the spring and summer months. 20) Tulip ‘Yellow Purissima’ BOTANICAL NAME: Tulipa ‘Yellow Purissima’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulb / perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Tulips are lovely spring-flowering bulbs that are usually planted in autumn for a burst of colour at the start of the new year. ‘Yellow Purissima’ produces yellow bowl-shaped flowers that would look delightful if planted in a container display with other spring bulbs like daffodils. 21) Rough Hawkbit BOTANICAL NAME: Leontodon hispidus HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0-0.1m spread Although often mistaken for a weed, rough hawkbit can actually provide great colourful interest in your flower borders, beds or meadows. The frilly flowers of this hardy perennial are also great for pollinators, so don’t rule this plant out when considering which yellow flowers might make a good addition to your existing displays. 22) Bay Tree BOTANICAL NAME: Laurus nobilis HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: herb / shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 8-12m in height, 8m spread Bay trees are, in fact, evergreen shrubs, and they are most commonly known for their leaves which can be harvested and used as a culinary herb.1 However, bay trees also produce clusters of small yellow flowers that can make this large shrub stand out in the spring months. 23) Laburnum BOTANICAL NAME: Laburnum anagyroides HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: tree FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 4-8m in height, 4-8m spread Moving on to an actual tree, Common Laburnum grows up to 8m in height and spread and bears blooms of yellowy-gold flowers that hang from cascading branches. If you have the space in your garden to grow laburnum, I would highly recommend it, as the sunny blooms this tree produces over the first half of the year are truly one-of-a-kind. 24) Chrysanthemum ‘Yellow Starlet’ BOTANICAL NAME: Chrysanthemum ‘Yellow Starlet’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.6m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With lots of yellow-flowering chrysanthemum varieties to choose from, I’ve gone with ‘Yellow Scarlet’, as its frilly, often daisy-like blooms help to brighten up autumn displays. Other yellow chrysanthemums include ‘Golden Cheryl’, ‘Honeybush Yellow’ and ‘Beverly Gold’. 25) Weeping Forsythia BOTANICAL NAME: Forsythia suspensa HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 2.5-4m in height, 2.5-4m spread A medium-sized shrub, Weeping Forsythia bears trumpet-shaped flowers that are bright yellow and appear in spring. This low-maintenance plant is a great choice for hedging and natural screening and will also look great when planted in cottage garden schemes. 26) Mimosa BOTANICAL NAME: Acacia dealbata HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SIZE: 8-12m in height, 2.5-4m spread Native to parts of Australia and best suited to warmer regions of the UK, the mimosa tree, Acacia dealbata, is an evergreen shrub that, when grown correctly, is truly a sight to behold. The yellow flowers are made up of long, thin petals that grow in rounded clusters and the foliage is divided into thin slits, giving it a fern-like appearance. This shrub is not the easiest to grow and might need extra protection over winter, so make sure you do your research before planting Acacia dealbata in your garden displays. 27) Tickseed ‘Early Sunrise’ BOTANICAL NAME: Coreopsis grandiflora ‘Early Sunrise’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial / annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Coreopsis grandiflora ‘Early Sunrise’ is a yellow flowering tickseed that is sometimes grown as an annual in garden beds with other short-lived plants here in the UK. Flowering in spring, ‘Early Sunrise’ bears ruffled, yellowy-orange blooms that last up until August that will brighten up your existing displays. 28) Rose Of Sharon BOTANICAL NAME: Hypericum calycinum HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen / semi-evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / winter SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 1-1.5m spread Hypericum calycinum, more commonly known as the ‘Rose of Sharon’, is a small shrub that produces star-shaped flowers in summer. A shade-loving plant, this shrub makes a great ground cover and is good for underplanting larger shrubs that would benefit from a living mulch. 29) Yellow Corydalis BOTANICAL NAME: Corydalis lutea HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Another plant that grows best in the shade, yellow corydalis is an evergreen perennial that flowers from spring to autumn, with clusters of trumpet-shaped blooms appearing from as early as March. This plant is great for garden beds and borders and will also work well in rock or gravel gardens as it can tolerate drier conditions than many other similar plants. 30) Hyacinth ‘Yellow Queen’ BOTANICAL NAME: Hyacinthus orientalis ‘Yellow Queen’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: bulb / houseplant FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0-0.1m spread Hyacinth ‘Yellow Queen’ produces creamy-yellow blooms that grow on erect stems around 20cm tall that would look great in an informal cottage garden. With fragrant flowers, this plant would also be a lovely addition to a patio display, where you could enjoy its fresh aroma whenever you step outside. 31) Double Meadow Buttercup BOTANICAL NAME: Ranunculus acris ‘Flore Pleno’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With rounded, ruffled flowers that appear in the summer, the double meadow buttercup is a fully-hardy deciduous perennial that works well in traditional cottage garden planting schemes on heavy or damp soils. 32) Ludlow’s Tree Peony BOTANICAL NAME: Paeonia ludlowii HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread Ludlow’s Tree Peony is a medium-sized shrub with frilly flowers that open to 12cm in diameter at the end of spring. This shrub is great for planting near and around roses as it likes similar conditions, but make sure it is positioned somewhere where it will be protected from any strong wind. 33) Butterfly Bush ‘Honeycomb’ BOTANICAL NAME: Buddleja × weyeriana ‘Honeycomb’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread Buddleja, more aptly named the ‘Butterfly Bush’, is a deciduous shrub that is known for its flowering clusters that are frequented by butterflies and other beneficial pollinators. ‘Honeycomb’ is a stunning yellow variety that you can grow in your wildlife-friendly displays. 34) Yellow Bells BOTANICAL NAME: Tecoma stans HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: shrub / tree FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SIZE: 6-10m in height, 4-8m spread With large, trumpet-shaped blooms appearing in winter, the shrubby trumpet flower brings an abundance of sunny flowers that will brighten up even the darkest of days. I’d recommend growing this frost-tender shrub in a container so you can bring it inside over winter once temperatures start to drop below 5°C. 35) Marsh Marigold BOTANICAL NAME: Caltha palustris HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial / aquatic FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Best grown in waterlogged, boggy soil or at the edge of a garden pond, marsh marigold is a small aquatic perennial that is easy to care for once established. Just make sure you can provide the right growing conditions in your garden for this plant to flower successfully before attempting to grow it. 36) Rose ‘Graham Thomas’ BOTANICAL NAME: Rosa ‘Graham Thomas’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub / climber FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread A climbing shrub that goes up to 1.5m in height and spread, the ‘Graham Thomas’ rose bear cup-shaped, frilly yellow flowers throughout the summer and autumn months. You can plant several of these shrubs side by side to create some natural screening for privacy in your garden, or, my favourite option, you can also grow this shrub against a trellis for dramatic displays. 37) Meadow Rue BOTANICAL NAME: Thalictrum flavum HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Thalictrum flavum, or meadow rue, is a fully-hardy deciduous perennial that bears small fluffy clusters of lemony-yellow flowers from May onwards. Try growing this plant, which can grow up to 1.5m in height, in mixed perennial displays in your flower beds and borders. 38) Black-Eyed Susan BOTANICAL NAME: Rudbeckia fulgida HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread A commonly spotted flower in UK gardens, Black-Eyed Susan is a daisy-like perennial with yellow flowers that have dark brown circular centres. This low-maintenance plant has long-lasting blooms and can be added to existing garden displays for a splash of colour, while other plants are fading in early autumn. “My advice – if you’re thinking of growing this plant – is to go big and have a vast swathe, in true prairie garden style,” recommends Peter. 39) Freesia ‘Fragrant Sunburst’ BOTANICAL NAME: Freesia ‘Fragrant Sunburst’ HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: bulb / perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread This frost-tender perennial will need some added winter protection, particularly in the colder regions of the UK, but if cared for correctly, will reward you with clusters of trumpet-shaped yellow flowers throughout spring and summer. F. ‘Fragrant Sunburst’ is a delightful bulbous plant that could be grown with daffodils and tulips in a classic container display. 40) Gold Medallion Tree BOTANICAL NAME: Cassia leptophylla HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: tree FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 4-8m in height, 8-12m spread Cassia leptophylla, commonly known as the gold medallion tree, is a half-hardy plant that bears bright yellow flowers that grow on drooping stems to create a cascading effect. Growing up to 8m in height with a 12m spread, make sure you have the room to plant this tree before you purchase it. “Its hardiness is very much borderline, so only grow it outdoors, without protection, in the south of the UK,” says Peter. “Having said that, it’s an absolute stunner if you can nurture it through winter.” 41) Stalked Bulbine BOTANICAL NAME: Bulbine frutescens HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread With clusters of yellow flowers that unusually are in bloom all year round, the stalked bulbine plant is an evergreen perennial that can spread up to 1.5m – three times its height! To keep its bright blooms in flower throughout the year, you will need to grow stalked bulbines in an alkaline, loam-based growing medium in a sheltered spot in your garden that gets plenty of sun. Alternatively, treat it as a houseplant which is moved outdoors over summer. 42) Yellow Blanket Flower BOTANICAL NAME: Gaillardia × grandiflora ‘Mesa Yellow’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Gaillardia × grandiflora ‘Mesa Yellow’, or just the yellow blanket flower, produces daisy-like flowers on stems that can grow up to around 0.5m in the summer and autumn months. This plant will look great in your flower borders and beds, and you can also use the cut flowers in your home for stunning displays. 43) Rose ‘Mountbatten’ BOTANICAL NAME: Rosa ‘Mountbatten’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Another variety of rose, ‘Mountbatten’ is a slightly smaller shrub than ‘Graham Thomson’ but its creamy-yellow blooms are just as beautiful. 44) Darwin’s Barberry BOTANICAL NAME: Berberis darwinii HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread A small fruiting shrub, Darwin’s barberry produces orangey-yellow flowers in spring that are followed by black and blue berries that last until August. This lovely shrub would be great at the back of a garden bed and can also be used as a hedge if you have the time to prune it. 45) Yellow Garlic ‘Jeannine’ BOTANICAL NAME: Allium moly ‘Jeannine’ HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulb / perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Yellow garlic ‘Jeannine’ produces clusters of bright yellow flowers in the summer that are shaped like stars. This bulbous perennial has unique green foliage that is tinged with a silvery hue, adding more to your garden than just its bright blooms if you decide to grow it. 46) St John’s Wort BOTANICAL NAME: Hypericum perforatum HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Another star-shaped flower, St John’s wort produces small yellow blooms in the summer months that would be a beautiful addition to a wildflower meadow or another low-maintenance planting scheme. 47) Pansy ‘Sorbet Yellow Delight’ BOTANICAL NAME: Viola ‘Sorbet Yellow Delight’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Pansies are a common sight in UK gardens due to their ease of cultivation and their distinct flowers which bring a burst of colour to wherever they are planted. ‘Sorbet Yellow Delight’ is no exception to this and, with deep yellow flowers that are highly fragrant, this evergreen perennial could be perfect for those who are looking for a new variety to try. 48) Fennel BOTANICAL NAME: Foeniculum vulgare HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: herb / perennial / biennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 0.1-0.7m spread With stunning clusters of tiny yellow flowers growing from stems that can reach up to 2.5m tall, fennel is a perennial herb that has lots of culinary uses if you are interested in planting something that will give you more than just a splash of sunny colour. “Foeniculum vulgare is one plant I can’t live without,” shares Nicola Macnaughton, a Garden Blogger and Designer. “The umbel-shaped yellow flowers are so striking in summer and the foliage is a fantastic contrast to other leaves. “It is also culinary and moves so beautifully in the wind – there is so much to love about this plant.” However, fennel can be invasive if it is allowed to go to seed, so keep that in mind before planting. 49) Hellebore ‘Yellow Lady’ BOTANICAL NAME: Helleborus × hybridus ‘Yellow Lady’ HARDINESS RATING: H7 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Hellebore ‘Yellow Lady’ bears creamy-yellow flowers dotted with red which grow from arching stems up to 50cm in height. This lovely hybrid variety will brighten up your displays from as early as February and can flower for a few months. Make sure you grow ‘yellow lady’ in a sheltered position with alkaline soil, as it will not cope well with acidity or strong winds. Some hellebores will freely seed, but seedlings are rarely the same colour as their parents and can be a less appealing off-white. 50) Fern-Leaved Beggar Tick BOTANICAL NAME: Bidens ferulifolia HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: perennial / annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Most commonly grown as an annual here in the UK, Bidens ferulifolia produces bright yellow, daisy-like flowers that stand out against their thin, silvery-green leaves. Bidens is best used in your garden beds or borders and it can create a wonderful ground cover, sometimes spreading 3 times its height! 51) Persian Buttercup ‘Aviv Yellow’ BOTANICAL NAME: Ranunculus asiaticus ‘Aviv Yellow’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The large ruffled blooms of the Persian buttercup are truly a sight to behold. I’ve chosen one of my favourite yellow-flowering varieties for this list, ‘Aviv yellow’, because its cup-shaped blooms are long-lasting and can be used for planting in a wide range of schemes. Other than in the sunniest areas of the south, it is safer to lift these plants or move containers indoors over winter. 52) Mount Omei Busy Lizzie BOTANICAL NAME: Impatiens omeiana HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread With unusual flowers that often grow in clusters, Impatiens omeiana is a shade-loving plant that is quite particular about its growing conditions. This evergreen perennial needs to be planted in a sheltered, shady position that has a loam-based growing medium that does not get waterlogged. However, if you can meet these demands, it is surprisingly an easy plant to care for once established. 53) Sunflower ‘Sunsation Yellow’ BOTANICAL NAME: Helianthus annuus ‘Sunsation Yellow’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread ‘Sunsation Yellow’ is a cultivar of sunflowers that produces flowers that do have the traditional brown centre but also bear more yellowy petals than the most common variety. With its flower heads reaching nearly 20cm wide, it would make a great patio container display and might need some support so that its tall stem can grow without breaking. However, this annual is also delightfully compact, so a good choice for containers too. 54) Kowhai ‘Sun King’ BOTANICAL NAME: Sophora ‘Sun King’ HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread A winter-flowering shrub, kowhai ‘Sun King’ bears bell-shaped yellow flowers that stand out against its evergreen foliage that is made up of tiny silvery-green leaves growing, drooping on long branches. This half-hardy plant would make a really beautiful addition to a traditional cottage garden and would also look great at the back of garden beds. 55) Glaucous Scorpion-Vetch BOTANICAL NAME: Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca HARDINESS RATING: H4 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread Glaucous Scorpion-Vetch is also a half-hardy evergreen, but this shrub flowers from late spring, producing clusters of bright, fragrant, yellow flowers that last well into summer. Grow this small shrub in a sheltered location where it will receive plenty of sun. 56) Winter Aconite BOTANICAL NAME: Eranthis hyemalis HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: bulb / perennial FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter / spring SIZE: 0-0.1m in height, 0-0.1m spread Probably the smallest plant on this list, winter aconite grows to only 10cm in height and spread and produces cup-shaped flowers from late winter that will bring a bit of colour to the bottom of your garden displays. Plant this bulbous perennial underneath larger shrubs or use it as ground cover at the base of a particular plant. 57) Yellow Honeysuckle BOTANICAL NAME: Lonicera flava HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub / climber FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring SIZE: 4-8m in height, 2.5-4m spread Honeysuckle is a stunning UK favourite and this yellow variety is perhaps one of the best. With tube-shaped blooms that are in a fiery shade of yellowy-orange, this spring-flowering shrub is a great choice for growing against a wall or trellis to add some colour to the back of your borders. “I love enjoying the heady fragrance of honeysuckles just as the evenings begin rapidly elongating in April,” Peter shares. 58) Night-Blooming Jasmine BOTANICAL NAME: Cestrum aurantiacum HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: shrub / climber FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen FLOWERING SEASON(S): spring / summer SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1-1.5m spread Another shrub with a climbing habit, night-blooming jasmine produces slender, tubular blooms in large clusters from March through to August. With fragrant flowers that are most aromatic at night, this plant could be a good choice for a container that can be situated near your home and garden paths. It will likely need bringing undercover over winter. 59) Everlasting Flower ‘Visual Gold Yellow’ BOTANICAL NAME: XEROchrysum bracteatum ‘Visual Gold Yellow’ HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: annual FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): summer / autumn SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Although it may look like a sunflower, Helichrysum bracteatum is actually more commonly known as the everlasting flower, producing small sunflower-like blooms during the summer and autumn. ‘Visual Gold Yellow’ is a yellowy-orange variety that would make a great addition to an annual planting display in your flower beds or containers. 60) Chinese Witch Hazel BOTANICAL NAME: Hamamelis mollis HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE TYPE: deciduous FLOWERING SEASON(S): winter SIZE: 2.5-4m in height, 2.5-4m spread I’m ending this list with one of my favourites – Chinese Witch Hazel. This shrub, which can grow up to 4m in height and spread, produces yellow flowers with crinkled petals that resemble paper confetti throughout the winter months. Its show-stopping blooms are not the only attraction, as its leaves also turn yellow in the autumn before falling off in the winter. Hopefully, this guide has given you plenty of yellow flowering plants that would be a great option for you and your garden. References 1. Danahy, A. (2020, March 9). Can You Eat Bay Leaves? Healthline. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/can-you-eat-bay-leaves
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These Mistakes Might Cause Your Phormium Leaves To Turn Brown Or Yellow
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Overwatering 2) Nutrient Deficiencies 3) Restricted Roots 4) Leaf Spot 5) Frost Damage 6) Leaf-Yellow Disease References Phormiums are generally relatively easy plants to grow, whether grown in the ground or in containers. However, you may notice that the leaves are either turning brown or yellow, which is a common sign that the plants are not happy. There can be a number of common problems that lead to these issues. Some common problems that cause brown leaves are: Overwatering or waterlogged soil Nutrient deficiencies The phormium needs repotting Phormium leaf spot And yellow leaves may be caused by: Frost damage Leaf-yellow bacterial infection We explore these problems and what you can do about them below. 1) Overwatering Leaves turning brown can be a sign that the plant has received too much water. These are relatively drought-tolerant plants, but they cannot tolerate waterlogged soil. Make sure that water can drain away freely and take care not to water too much. Only water when the top few centimetres of the soil or growing medium is dry. 2) Nutrient Deficiencies Leaves turning brown around the edges can also be a sign that the phormium is not receiving enough nitrogen. Make sure that the soil is nutrient-rich and, if growing your phormium in a container, feed the plant with a seaweed feed or a compost tea to ensure that it gets the nutrients that it needs. 3) Restricted Roots The plant may also develop brown leaves as a sign of stress because it needs dividing or repotting. Simply repot into a bigger pot with sufficient compost for the plant. 4) Leaf Spot Unfortunately, brown leaves can also be a sign of a fungal infection, leaf spot, which is caused by a fungal pathogen. If this is the issue, the brown will be in patches on the leaves, and these may have a greyish hue or purplish edges. If you spot this issue, cut off the affected leaves as soon as possible to prevent the spread of this infection. 5) Frost Damage Yellow leaves can sometimes be caused by frost damage. These plants can cope with winter temperatures down to around -5-10°C in a sheltered spot, but they are not suitable for areas where there are long cold spells in winter. Leaves can also tear and tatter in strong winds, so a sheltered position is important, especially in areas where more extreme weather conditions might be expected. “Phormium makes fantastic coastal plants, but after a rough winter, they can look a little worse for wear,” shares Horticultural Consultant Colin Skelly. “You can prune out the worst of the torn leaves from the base but don’t exceed a third or you’ll hinder the ability of the plant to regenerate.” Phormium leaves that have been damaged by frost can discolour and become soft and mushy. Although the plant may wilt significantly and can even look dead, it will often come back if you care for it well. If your plant has been frost damaged, cut off the dead foliage with a sharp pair of gardening scissors or secateurs. Give it a feed, and give it some time, and new growth may well emerge. 6) Leaf-Yellow Disease Another problem that causes yellow leaves is leaf-yellow disease, which is caused by a bacterial pathogen called Phytoplasma.1 If infected, the plant can become stunted, and the bacteria can kill off the rhizome. The leaves will tend to turn yellow-orange in colour and will wilt until eventually, the plant will likely die. Remove infected plants carefully to prevent the spread of this problem in your garden. Though the issues above can arise, it is still the case that phormiums tend to be relatively low-maintenance and easy plants for UK gardens. They don’t usually have a range of issues and can be a good choice for busy gardeners. References 1. Marcone, C. (2011). Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas). CABI Compendium. https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.7642
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Divide Phormium Regularly To 'Maintain A Healthy, Vigorous Plant' Says Colin Skelly
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Lift Existing Plant 2) Divide Into Sections 3) Replant The Divisions Phormiums are attractive and dramatic foliage plants that can add architectural interest and colour to your garden. Generally speaking, they are easy, relatively low-maintenance, and straightforward plants to grow. One job you will need to think about if you successfully grow phormiums in your garden is lifting and dividing your mature plants. There are two reasons to lift and divide phormiums. The first reason is to tackle a plant that has become too large to prevent overcrowding or congestion, which can cause a range of issues for these plants. “I have found that a lot of large Phormium tenax which have not been divided tend to accumulate brambles near their centre that are hard to remove,” shares Colin Skelly, a Master Horticulturist. “Regular division will help to maintain a healthy, vigorous plant but also provide the opportunity to get to the roots of any perennial weeds.” The second reason to lift and divide phormium is to obtain new plants from an existing specimen, as this is by far the easiest way to propagate these plants. To lift and divide a phormium plant: Lift the existing phormium from the ground using a spade, or remove it from its pot. Pull or cut apart the plant to create sections with fans of leaves leaving a section of root attached. Replant or pot up the divisions. See more information on each of these steps below. Difficulty Easy Equipment Required Mature phormium and a spade When To Divide Spring 1) Lift Existing Plant Extricate the phormium from its existing position. Either gently ease it up out of the soil with a spade, or remove it from its pot. Shake off any excess soil so that you can see things clearly. 2) Divide Into Sections Next, you need to decide whether you just want to remove a little of the plant to make the existing plant smaller before repotting it, or whether you would like to make a number of smaller divisions to obtain new phormiums for your garden. You can make as many divisions as you wish, as long as each one has a fan of leaves and some root beneath. The larger your divisions are, the more quickly they will re-establish. Larger divisions can be replanted right away into your garden. Smaller divisions are best potted up and then planted out once established. 3) Replant The Divisions Remember, phormiums like a position in full sun, though many can also cope with partial shade. They also need free-draining conditions. Replant or pot up your divisions, watering well but making sure that excess water drains away. Soon, these new divisions should be growing well and rivalling the original plant.
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Phormiums Can Thrive When Grown In Pots - Experts Recommend These Conditions
IN THIS GUIDE Can You Grow Phormium In Pots? Container Choices Compost Requirements Potting Up Phormium Potted Phormium Care References Phormiums are a couple of species of grass-like plants native to New Zealand. They are sometimes also known as New Zealand Flax, because, though we tend to think of them as only ornamental plants, they were used for textiles by Maori people and by early settlers in their native range.1 Phormium tenax, Phormium colensoi and cultivars derived from these two species are now widely grown as garden plants in the UK and other temperate regions around the world. “I would typically choose Phormium colensoi for pots or containers, as the species and its cultivars are typically smaller than Phormium tenax,” says Horticultural Consultant Colin Skelly. “Whilst P. tenax can be used, it will need dividing to keep it manageable in anything other than the largest pot or container.” The leaves, which arch downwards, are shaped like swords and are often variegated, or tinged with different shades and come in a wide range of colours. These plants are drought tolerant once established and can be largely trouble-free when grown in a suitable spot. Can You Grow Phormium In Pots? The good news is that phormium can be grown in containers – this is a popular choice and one that makes a lot of sense. Phormiums like free-draining conditions so they can thrive in pots, which drain more freely than many soils. However, when choosing a phormium to grow in a container, it is important to understand that some phormiums are much more vigorous, and grow much larger than others. Some can tower to over 2m tall and are not as well suited to container growing. If growing phormiums in pots, you are best to opt for options which are more compact. Fortunately, there are many dwarf phormiums, or more compact choices, which are ideally suited to container growing and grow to around 1m or less in height. Container Choices When choosing a container, remember that even dwarf phormiums or more compact options are relatively large plants. You are looking for a larger container that can accommodate your plant. A mature compact phormium (growing to no more than 1.5m tall) will usually need a container at least 50cm across and at least the same depth. Larger specimens will, of course, need even larger containers. It is also important to consider the height of the specimen, and to choose a container heavy enough not to topple over in the wind with the weight of the plant. Terracotta pots can be a good choice because they are weighty enough to deal with these plants. Terracotta is also a good choice because phormiums like free-draining conditions, and they tend not to hold on to water as much as plastic ones or ones made from other materials. It is also vital to ensure that your container has good drainage holes at the bottom and will allow excess water to drain away. Compost Requirements According to the RHS, Phormiums will grow best in peat-free compost with added John Innes. They recommend adding 10% of perlite or fine grit by volume to this potting mix to improve the drainage. Of course, you might also create your own loam or soil-based mix to keep your phormium plants happy. The key is to ensure that you meet the plant’s nutritional needs while also ensuring good drainage to prevent waterlogging. Potting Up Phormium Phormium is available to buy year-round, but the best time to plant up a new specimen in a container is in the spring – after the risk of a hard frost has passed where you live. It is a good idea to plant up your phormium in spring because this gives it a chance to establish over the summer months before the colder and wetter weather of autumn and winter arrives. How Many Can You Plant Per Pot? These plants are best given a pot on their own. P. ‘Cream Delight’ Plant one phormium in a pot, making sure that the pot you choose accommodates the root ball of the plant you purchase, with at least 5cm of the growing medium around each side so that the plant has room to grow. Potted Phormium Care Light Requirements Place containers in a sunny or partially shaded spot. Most phormiums typically do best in full sun, and some will have more vibrant colouration in full sun conditions, but most can also cope with some shade. Watering Water regularly over the summer months during dry periods during the first year after planting. Phormiums growing in the ground will be fairly drought tolerant after this initial year, but those growing in containers can suffer drought damage, and you should continue to water regularly in dry weather over the summer months. However, take care not to overwater by watering only when the top few centimetres of the growing medium feel dry – and always make sure that excess water can easily drain from the bottom of the pot. Feeding It is a good idea to feed container-grown phormiums from late spring through to the middle of the summer. They will appreciate compost tea, or seaweed feed to replenish nutrients, though phormiums growing in the ground typically don’t need additional fertiliser other than a mulch each spring. Overwintering Phormiums are not fully hardy in colder parts of the UK. In many areas, you will need to take steps to protect your plants in winter from cold and frosts. You should lag the container to protect the roots, and make sure containers are placed in a sheltered spot. In colder regions, you may also need to wrap the leaves with fleece or other fabric to protect the foliage if a harder frost is forecast. Pruning & Dividing In spring, remove any old, damaged leaves by pulling or cutting them off as close to the base as you can. If clumps have become too large for their container, consider dividing the mature plant and repotting each of the sections. This avoids congestion and gives you new plants to give away or to expand your container garden. References 1. Hindmarsh, G. (2016, June 23). Flax – the enduring fibre. New Zealand Geographic. Retrieved March 22, 2023, from https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/flax-the-enduring-fibre/
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Pruning Phormium Isn't Strictly Necessary - But You Can Tidy Them Using These Tips
IN THIS GUIDE When To Prune 1) Remove Damaged Leaves 2) Cut Spent Flowers 3) Divide Large Plants Phormiums are interesting and dramatic foliage plants that can work well in many UK gardens. They can be grown in the ground in an area of sun or partial shade with free-draining soil, but are popular for container growing in the UK. Typically H4 hardy, they may need some winter protection in many parts of the UK, but are generally relatively easy, low-maintenance and trouble-free plants to grow. Phormiums don’t really need to be pruned at all. However, it is generally a good idea to give them a light tidy-up in the spring: Remove any dead or damaged leaves, cutting or pulling them off as close to the base as you can. Cut out any flowering stems if flowers have formed. Don’t prune plants that have become too large – divide them instead. Difficulty Easy Equipment Required Secateurs or gardening knife When To Prune Spring When To Prune The best time for a tidy-up is spring. You might not need to do this every year, but each year, once spring arrives and when the weather is fine, give your plants the once over to see how they have fared over the winter months. Look for any dead leaves and any leaves which have become damaged during winter storms, or due to winter frosts. 1) Remove Damaged Leaves If you spot any leaves that look unhealthy, damaged or dead, simply pull these off, or cut them off as close to the base as possible. Occasionally, you may find that a plant has been severely damaged, most commonly by frost. Unfortunately, plants that have been severely frost-damaged won’t always recover, but it is worth a try to remove all the dead and damaged leaves and take good care of your plants. Over the next few weeks, new growth may well emerge and your plant may begin to return to full health. 2) Cut Spent Flowers If your plant flowered the previous year, there may also be flowering stems to remove. These too you should cut off as low as possible, taking care not to do any damage to healthy surrounding leaves. “For large Phormium tenax, the flower stem can be 2-3m in height and quite thick at the base,” says Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “To remove these you will need some loppers or a hand saw. They do break down relatively quickly in a compost heap but cut into short sections for ease of management.” 3) Divide Large Plants Pruning is not the way to reduce a phormium in size. If you have a Phormium that has grown too large for its location in the garden or is getting too big for its container, then you might wonder how to reduce it in size. Potting up may no longer be practical. If so, you can divide the plant. The division will allow you to obtain several smaller plants from one larger one and it will reduce congestion and prevent overcrowding in your garden, helping the health of the original plant as well as propagating more. As you can tell from the above, pruning is not really something to worry about when growing Phormium in your garden, but do stay on top of the tidy-up to keep things looking good.
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Mollie Brown Chooses 10 Plants With Spotted Leaves You Simply Have To Grow
IN THIS GUIDE 1) Polka Dot Plant 2) Spotted Dracaena ‘Florida Beauty’ 3) Common Lungwort 4) Rattlesnake Plant 5) Satin Pothos 6) Spotted Begonia 7) Japanese Laurel ‘Crotonifolia’ 8) Ten Commandments 9) Bromeliad ‘Hallelujah’ 10) Silver Squill Spotted leaves on a plant are not a common sight, but if you’re looking for a plant that will add some interest to your home or garden displays, there are a few options you could consider. In this article, we share ten gorgeous plants that have spotted leaves which you can grow here in the UK. Each plant has something different to offer, with a mixture of outdoor and indoor choices that will give you plenty to choose from. 1) Polka Dot Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Hypoestes phyllostachya HARDINESS RATING: H1B PLANT TYPE: houseplant / sub-shrub FOLIAGE: green, cream and pink FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen TYPICAL SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread The polka dot plant is a houseplant that is probably your best option if you want eye-catching foliage that will steal the show. This plant usually has pink or green leaves that are then dotted with a darker green or white hue, living up to its name. This frost-tender sub-shrub needs to be grown in a sheltered position in a well-draining loam-based potting mix that has a slightly acidic pH. You can grow the polka dot plant outside as an annual in your garden beds or borders, but I would recommend keeping this plant indoors so you can enjoy its unique foliage all year-round. 2) Spotted Dracaena ‘Florida Beauty’ BOTANICAL NAME: Dracaena surculosa ‘florida beauty’ HARDINESS RATING: H1B PLANT TYPE: houseplant / shrub FOLIAGE: green and cream FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen TYPICAL SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.5-1m spread If simplicity is what you’re after, spotted dracaena ‘Florida Beauty’ might just be the one for you. With lovely ovate green leaves that are covered in creamy splotches, ‘Florida Beauty’ looks best when grown as a houseplant and can add some greenery to any room you place it in. This shrub is relatively easy to care for when grown indoors as long as it is kept in a site that is away from draughty doors and fluctuating temperatures, like by a radiator. 3) Common Lungwort BOTANICAL NAME: Pulmonaria officinalis HARDINESS RATING: H6 PLANT TYPE: perennial FOLIAGE: green and white FOLIAGE TYPE: semi-evergreen TYPICAL SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread A hardy perennial that produces trumpet-shaped purple and pink flowers in the spring, Lungwort is a good choice for gardeners who are looking for plants with spotted leaves to grow outdoors. The leaves on lungwort are green and fuzzy and are often spotted with a greyish-white colour. This plant thrives in shade and can make a good ground cover plant or be used to fill in gaps in garden beds or borders. “Pulmonaria officinalis is one of my favourite perennials,” says Master Horticulturist Colin Skelly. “Its spring flowers are a great early resource for pollinators but its spotted foliage (more marked on some cultivars) makes it stand out in the shady borders it likes even after flowering. “It is also a great ground cover plant without spreading too keenly beyond its desired position.” 4) Rattlesnake Plant BOTANICAL NAME: Calathea lancifolia HARDINESS RATING: H1A PLANT TYPE: houseplant / perennial FOLIAGE: purple and green FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen TYPICAL SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Although this might not be the easiest houseplant to grow, if you have the time, patience and experience needed to care for the rattlesnake plant, its delightful foliage will be well worth the effort. The plant’s leaves are purple on the bottom and green on the top with dark green markings that grow evenly along the centre of the leaf. You will need to keep this plant away from direct sunlight in a location where the temperature will remain in the region of 15-23°C throughout the year. Rattlesnake plants will not cope well with fluctuations in temperature, so make sure to keep this houseplant in a sheltered spot away from any doors, air conditioning units or heaters. 5) Satin Pothos BOTANICAL NAME: Scindapsus pictus HARDINESS RATING: H1C PLANT TYPE: shrub / climber / houseplant FOLIAGE: green, grey and silver FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen TYPICAL SIZE: 1-1.5m in height, 0.5-1m spread Satin pothos is a climbing shrub that can grow up to 1.5m tall with the right support. Its long vines, which sprout stunning heart-shaped green leaves that are spotted with white dots, can twist along stakes that are placed properly in the container or location where this plant is growing – a true show-stopper. This plant looks its best when it’s grown in a bright spot indoors that gets plenty of sunlight. 6) Spotted Begonia BOTANICAL NAME: Begonia maculata HARDINESS RATING: H1B PLANT TYPE: houseplant FOLIAGE: green, red and white FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen TYPICAL SIZE: 0.5-1m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Begonias are popular houseplants, but this lesser-known variety is not as popular as its flowering counterparts. Begonia maculata, more aptly named the spotted begonia, has wing-like leaves that are green and covered in white spots. This stunning cultivar is surely the most interesting begonia available and surprisingly, it is reasonably easy to grow and care for. Make sure it is grown out of direct sunlight in a sheltered and shaded spot in your home and do not overwater, as this houseplant cannot tolerate waterlogged conditions. 7) Japanese Laurel ‘Crotonifolia’ BOTANICAL NAME: Aucuba japonica ‘crotonifolia’ HARDINESS RATING: H5 PLANT TYPE: shrub FOLIAGE: green and yellow FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen TYPICAL SIZE: 1.5-2.5m in height, 1.5-2.5m spread This hardy shrub not only produces green and yellow spotted leaves, but it is an incredibly useful plant to grow in your garden displays. Japanese laurel ‘crotonifolia’ can be used for garden hedging and natural screening and will add interest to the back of your garden borders or beds. This unfussy plant grows best in shaded spots that other plants might struggle to survive in and is relatively low-maintenance once planted out. 8) Ten Commandments BOTANICAL NAME: Maranta leuconeura HARDINESS RATING: H1B PLANT TYPE: perennial / houseplant / bulb FOLIAGE: green, grey and silver FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen TYPICAL SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Maranta leuconeura, also known as the ‘ten commandments’ or the ‘prayer plant’, is a bulbous perennial that is grown as a houseplant here in the UK. This plant is most commonly known for its green spotted leaves that fold up overnight, putting on a remarkable display that is unique to this perennial. This shade-loving houseplant has evergreen foliage that will add a fresh touch of greenery to your home displays. 9) Bromeliad ‘Hallelujah’ BOTANICAL NAME: Billbergia ‘hallelujah’ HARDINESS RATING: H2 PLANT TYPE: houseplant FOLIAGE: pink, brown and red FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen TYPICAL SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread Most commonly known for their bright flowers, bromeliads are popular plants that are most often grown indoors in the UK for their colourful blooms that can last all year long. However, the ‘Hallelujah’ variety is more recognisable because of its brown and red leaves that are decorated with white spots throughout the year. The foliage from this bromeliad variety is waxy and stiff, growing up to 50cm tall. Grow this plant out of direct sunlight and it will reward you with plentiful flowers and stunning foliage that will add some colour all year round. 10) Silver Squill BOTANICAL NAME: Ledebouria socialis HARDINESS RATING: H3 PLANT TYPE: houseplant / bulb FOLIAGE: silver and green FOLIAGE TYPE: evergreen TYPICAL SIZE: 0.1-0.5m in height, 0.1-0.5m spread To round things off, I’ve picked a houseplant that is probably the easiest to care for on this list – the silver squill. Ledebouria socialis is a small bulbous plant that, as long as it is sited somewhere out of direct sunlight, is low-maintenance and will brighten your home with its waxy green leaves that are covered in white dots. The unusual leaves of this plant will look great next to other green foliage plants, but can also be placed in their own spot for a stand-alone display.
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